Unit3Environmentalprotection詞匯解析講義高中英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性

高中英語(yǔ)人教版2019選必修第三冊(cè)Unit3詞匯筆記1 graphn.圖;圖表;曲線圖2 emissionn.排放物;散發(fā)物;排放3 meltvi.(使)融化;熔化;軟化meltthesnow融化積雪meltthechocolate/butter融化巧克力／黃油meltyourheart融化你的心meltaway（人群）漸漸散去；逐漸消失meltinto逐漸變成······；逐漸融入······meltingeyes能打動(dòng)人的眼睛halfmeltedice半融化的冰4 starvevi.&vt.(使)挨餓;餓死starvetodeath餓死starvefor渴望獲得,迫切需要starve(vi)for=bestarving(adj)forstarveoneself使自己節(jié)食starvingchildren餓極了的孩子dieof/fromstarvation餓死closetostarvation即將餓死sufferfromstarvation遭受饑餓5 sealn.海豹6 ecologyn.生態(tài);生態(tài)學(xué)7 releasevt.&n.排放;釋放;發(fā)布releasesb.from從······釋放某人；免除某人······agoodwayofreleasingstress釋放壓力的好方法releaseanewbook發(fā)行一本新書(shū)thereleaseofsth.into...某物向······的排放thereleaseofcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere二氧化碳向大氣層的排放8 methanen.甲烷;沼氣9 carbonn.碳10 dioxiden.二氧化物11 carbondioxide二氧化碳12 habitableadj.適合居住的habitablezones宜居區(qū)habitableareas居住面積；居住空間habitablespace居住空間monkeysinnaturalhabitat自然棲息地的猴子theprotectionofwildlifehabitat野生生物生活環(huán)境的保護(hù)habitatconservation棲息地保護(hù)13 sustainvt.維持;遺受;承受住sustainthechildren＇sinterest保持孩子們的興趣sustainacolorfullifestyle保持豐富多彩的生活方式thesustainablesuccess可持續(xù)的成功developsustainableproducts發(fā)展可持續(xù)的產(chǎn)品sustainabledevelopment可持續(xù)發(fā)展aperiodofsustainedeconomicgrowth經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的時(shí)期14 sustainable adj.可持續(xù)的:合理利用的15 fossiln.化石16 fueln.燃料;刺激性言行17 fossilfuel化石燃料(如煤或石油)18 prehensive adj.全部的;所有的;詳盡的aprehensivesurvey/study全面的調(diào)查／研究prehensivequality綜合素質(zhì)beyond（one＇s）prehension令人費(fèi)解=impossible(forsb.)tounderstandlistening/readingprehension聽(tīng)力／閱讀理解havenoprehensionof...不明白·······19 worldwide adv.遍及全球地 adj世界各地的;影響全世界的aworldwideinfluence世界性的影響attractworldwideattention引起全世界的關(guān)注winaworldwidereputation譽(yù)滿(mǎn)全球anincreaseinworldwidesales全球銷(xiāo)售額的增長(zhǎng)globaladj.全球的internationaladj.國(guó)際的universaladj.全世界的20 trendn.趨勢(shì);趨向;動(dòng)向economic／social／politicaltrends經(jīng)濟(jì)／社會(huì)／政治趨勢(shì)agrowingtrendtowards...有朝向······增加的趨勢(shì)currenttrendsinlanguageteaching當(dāng)前語(yǔ)言教學(xué)的趨勢(shì)adownward/anupwardtrendinsales銷(xiāo)售額下滑／上升的趨勢(shì)setanewtrend開(kāi)一個(gè)新風(fēng)氣21 frequentlyadv.頻繁地;經(jīng)常frequentlyaskedquestions常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題frequentlyjoininclassdiscussions經(jīng)常參加課堂討論afrequentvisitortoourhouse我們家的常客frequentchanges順?lè)钡淖儎?dòng)frequentuse經(jīng)常使用thefrequencyof........的發(fā)生率22 broadcast vt.&vi.lbroadcast,broadcast/broadcasted) 播送;廣播;傳播 n.廣播節(jié)目;電視節(jié)目broadcast（v）live現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播alivebroadcast（n.）現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播anewsbroadcast（n.）一檔新聞節(jié)目broadcast的原形、過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞同形。23 policyn.政策;方針;原則adoptapolicy采取一種政策foreign/domesticpolicy外交／國(guó)內(nèi)政策例Honestyisthebestpolicy.誠(chéng)實(shí)為上策。24 footprint n.足跡;(某物所占的)空間量;面積25 restrictvt.限制;限定;束縛26 restriction n.限制規(guī)定;限制法規(guī);約束27 seizevt.抓住;奪取;控制seizeanopportunity抓住機(jī)會(huì)seizepower奪取政權(quán)seizesb.bythearm抓住某人的胳膊beseizedbycuriosity好奇心頓起beseizedbypanic突然驚慌失措28 basinn.流域;盆地;盆29 penguinn.企鵝30 reformv吃&vt.改革;(使)改正;改造 n.改革;變革;改良31 undergov.(underwent,undergone) 經(jīng)歷;經(jīng)受(變化、不快等)undergosurgery進(jìn)行外科手術(shù)undergoapletetransformation蛻變undergotests/repairs經(jīng)受考驗(yàn)／接受檢修32 implementv.使生效;貫徹;執(zhí)行implementmeasures實(shí)施措施implementchanges/policies/reforms實(shí)施變革／政策／改革theimplementationofthenewsystem新體系的實(shí)施33 harmoniousadj和諧的aharmonioussociety／munity一個(gè)和諧社會(huì)／社區(qū)aharmoniousbinationofcolors協(xié)調(diào)的色彩搭配workveryharmoniouslytogether合作得十分融洽social／racialharmony社會(huì)／種族融洽live／workinharmony和睦地生活工作inharmonywith與······協(xié)調(diào)34 moderateadj.適度的;中等的;溫和的 vi.&vt.緩和;使適中moderateviews/policies溫和的見(jiàn)解／政策studentsofmoderateability能力一般的學(xué)生cookoveramoderateheat用文火烹調(diào)amoderatedrinker不過(guò)多飲酒的人moderatewagedemands合理的工資要求amoderateamountof適量的·····35 submitL&vi.提交;呈遞;屈服submitsth.tosb.向某人提交／呈遞某物submitanapplication/aplaint呈遞申請(qǐng)書(shū)／提交控訴書(shū)submitoneselfto...順從于／屈服于······submittothreats向威脅低頭agestureofsubmission投降的手勢(shì)thedeadlineforsubmission提交的最后期限36 annualadj每年的;年的 n.年刊;年鑒anannualevent一年一度的大事anannualbudget年度預(yù)算anannualsubscription年度訂閱費(fèi)；一年期訂閱subscribeannually每年訂購(gòu)gatherannually一年一度地聚會(huì)beheldannually每年舉行一次37 tropicaladj.熱帶的;來(lái)自熱帶的38 chaosn.混亂;雜亂;紊亂inchaos處于混亂狀態(tài)economic/politicalchaos經(jīng)濟(jì)／政治混亂causetotalchaos導(dǎo)致一片混亂chaostheory混沌理論39 onbehalfof代表(代替)某人onbehalfof＝onsb.＇sbehalf代表lfof=onsb.'s某人，常在句中作狀語(yǔ)。onbehalfofmycolleagues代表我的同事onbehalfofthedepartment代表部門(mén)onone＇sownbehalf代表某人自己40 nuclear adj.原子能的;核能的;原子核的41 sensitive adj.敏感的;善解人意的;靈敏的asensitiveandintelligentyoungman一個(gè)善解人意、聰明的年輕人asensitiveissue／topic敏感的話題ahighlysensitiveelectroniccamera高度靈敏的電子攝像機(jī)besensitiveto對(duì)·····.敏感/過(guò)敏/體貼besensitivetocriticism對(duì)批評(píng)敏感besensitivetoseafood對(duì)海鮮過(guò)敏besensitivetootherpeople'sfeelings體諒他人的感情·besensitiveabout對(duì)····.·神經(jīng)過(guò)敏besensitiveaboutherweight很忌諱談她的體重sensibleadj.明智的;合理的sensibleadvice合理的建議42 junglen.(熱帶)叢林;密林43 smogn.煙霧(煙與霧混合的空氣污染物)44 originatevi.&vt.起源;發(fā)源;創(chuàng)立originatefrom源自·····.originatefromavarietyofsources來(lái)源廣泛originatesomewhere源自某處inorigin起源于byorigin原籍為····..theoriginoflifeonearth地球上生命的起源theoriginalmeaningoftheword這個(gè)單詞的本義anoriginalidea獨(dú)到的見(jiàn)解ahighlyoriginaldesign非常獨(dú)特的設(shè)計(jì)45 volumen.量;體積;(成套書(shū)籍中的)卷46 garbagen.垃圾;廢物47 enterprisen.公司;企業(yè);事業(yè)48 restorevt.恢復(fù);使復(fù)原;修復(fù)restoreone'ssight恢復(fù)某人的視力restorethedocuments恢復(fù)文件restoreourfaith恢復(fù)我們的信心restoresth.tosth.使某物恢復(fù)到某種狀態(tài)49 conservation n.對(duì)(環(huán)境、文物等)保護(hù);保持wildlife/forestconservation野生生物/森林保護(hù)conservationarea(動(dòng)植物)保護(hù)區(qū)biodiversityconservation保護(hù)生物多樣性conservationstandards保護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)conservationfund保護(hù)基金conserveenergy節(jié)約能源newlawstoconservewildlifeinthearea保護(hù)該地區(qū)野生動(dòng)物的新法令theconservativeviews保守觀念ataconservativeestimate按照保守的估計(jì)50 dozenn.()打;十二個(gè)51 dozensof許多;很多twodozeneggs兩打雞蛋severaldozenpeople幾十個(gè)人spaceforahalfdozentables可擺六張桌子的空間表示數(shù)量的詞或短語(yǔ)①接不可數(shù)名詞:alargeamountof,much,agreatdealof,alittle等。②接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù):many,dozensof,scoresof,agreat/goodmany,anumberof,afew等。③既可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)又可接不可數(shù)名詞:alargequantityof,plentyof,alotof,lotsof,some等。52 regulationn.章程;規(guī)章制度toomanyrulesandregulations過(guò)多的規(guī)章制度f(wàn)ire/safety/buildingregulations防火條例/安全規(guī)章/建筑法規(guī)underthenewregulations根據(jù)新的規(guī)定regulatetheflowofwater調(diào)節(jié)水流beregulatedbylaw受法律的制約regulatoryauthorities監(jiān)管部門(mén)53 disposaln.去掉;清除;處理garbagedisposal垃圾處理thedisposalofnuclearwaste核廢料的處理disposeof處理;消除;擊敗;解決thedifficultiesofdisposingofnuclearwaste處理核廢料的困難disposeofthewaste處理廢物disposeofproblems解決難題54 inspectionn.檢查;查看;視察regularinspections定期檢查beavailableforinspection可供查看inspectthedamage查看損壞情況inspectthescene檢查現(xiàn)場(chǎng)inspectthearmy檢閱部隊(duì)inspectthework檢查工作aschool/health/safetyinspector學(xué)校/衛(wèi)生/安全檢查員55 finevt..對(duì)....處以罰款finesb.somemoney罰某人一些錢(qián)finehimforbreakingthetrafficrules因?yàn)檫`反交通規(guī)則而罰他錢(qián)getfinedheavily遭到重罰finen.罰金,罰款payafine支付罰金aheavyfine巨額罰金56 campaignn.運(yùn)動(dòng);戰(zhàn)役 vi.&vr.參加運(yùn)動(dòng);領(lǐng)導(dǎo)運(yùn)動(dòng)campaignnanational/nationwidecampaign全國(guó)性的運(yùn)動(dòng)acarefullyorganizedcampaign精心策劃的運(yùn)動(dòng)launchacampaign發(fā)起一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)run/conduct/carryoutacampaign開(kāi)展運(yùn)動(dòng)campaignvcampaignfor支持···的運(yùn)動(dòng)campaignagainst反對(duì)···的運(yùn)動(dòng)57 waterwayn.水道;航道58 toleratevt.忍受;包容;容許tolerate常用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句,與can,could等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用,表示“不能忍受,不能容忍”。近義詞(短語(yǔ))有stand,bear,putupwith等?！an'ttoleratesb./sth不能忍受某人/某物can'ttoleratetheairpollution不能忍受空氣污染·can'tstand(sb.)doingsth.不能忍受(某人)做某事can'tstandbeingcalledaliar不能忍受被稱(chēng)為撒謊者59 agendan.議程表;議事日程anitemontheagenda議程上的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目beremovedfromtheagenda從議事日程上取消behighontheagenda/atthetopoftheagenda當(dāng)務(wù)之急60 Norway挪威(北歐國(guó)家)61 Svalbard斯瓦爾巴群島(挪威)62 HurricaneKatrina 颶風(fēng)卡特里娜補(bǔ)充：alongwith與...一起alongwith意為“與······一起”，連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要和alongwith前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。彼得和他的父母被邀請(qǐng)去參加聚會(huì)。Peter,alongwithhisparents,wereinvitedtotheparty.(x)Peter,alongwithhisparents,wasinvitedtotheparty.(V)有類(lèi)似用法的詞還有with，togetherwith,aswellas,except,ratherthan,including，inadditionto等。beshockedtosee／hear...震驚地看到／聽(tīng)到······beshockedthat...對(duì)······感到震驚辨shockingadj.令人震驚的ing形容詞側(cè)重說(shuō)明事物本身具備的特點(diǎn)，多修飾物shockedadj.感到震驚的ed形容詞用于描述人的心理狀態(tài)，多修飾人及人的聲音、表情beshockedby對(duì)...感到震驚apieceofshockingnews一條令人震驚的消息ashockedlook／expression震驚的表情shockvt.使震驚;使氣憤Itshockssb.todosth.做某事讓某人感到震驚。Itshockssb.that.....·讓某人感到震驚。shockn.震驚;震動(dòng);打擊;休克inshock處在震驚中withagreatshock大為震驚electricshock觸電;電休克cultureshock文化沖擊haveanimpacton對(duì)...有影響makeanimpacton對(duì)·····有影響have/makenoimpacton對(duì)····.·沒(méi)有影響haveaneffect/influenceon對(duì)······有影響havenoeffect/influenceon對(duì)···.·沒(méi)有影響makeadifference(to)(對(duì)·····.)有影響makenodifference(to)(對(duì)···...)沒(méi)有影響referto查閱；參考；提到refertohisexperiences談到他的經(jīng)歷refertoadictionary查詞典givethespeechwithoutreferringtonotes脫稿發(fā)表演講refer.to..把···提交給/托付給···..referthemattertotheeditor把問(wèn)題提交給編輯referto...as...把······稱(chēng)為······in／withreferenceto關(guān)于；根據(jù)·····而論betrappedin陷入；被困于be／get／beetrappedinatrafficjam遇到交通堵塞becaughtin／by陷入；卷人be／getstuckin被困在······becaughtinashower遇到陣雨getstuckinabadsituation被困于窘境常用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)trappedin，stuckin，caughtin作狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。takeactiontodosth采取行動(dòng)做某事takemeasurestodosth.=takestepstodosth.采取措施做某事restrictone＇sfreedom限制某人的自由restrict...to...把······限制在······restrictoneself/sb.to(doing)sth.限制自己／某人（做）某事berestrictedtomembersonly僅對(duì)會(huì)員開(kāi)放import/speedrestrictions進(jìn)口／速度限制takeresponsibilityfor對(duì)...負(fù)責(zé)（=haveresponsibilityfor)takeresponsibilityforwhatyousaid對(duì)你說(shuō)的話負(fù)責(zé)takefullresponsibilityforthedamage對(duì)損失承擔(dān)全部責(zé)任havetheresponsibilitytoprotecttheearth承擔(dān)保護(hù)地球的責(zé)任Itisone'sresponsibilitytodosth.做某事是某人的職責(zé)。responsibleadj.①有責(zé)任心的，負(fù)責(zé)的，承擔(dān)義務(wù)beresponsibleforsb./sth.beresponsiblefordoingsth.②應(yīng)受責(zé)備Who'sresponsibleforthemess?是誰(shuí)弄得這么亂？③是······的原因Carelessnessisresponsibleforhisfailure.粗心是他失敗的原因。④（向主管或上級(jí)）負(fù)責(zé)，承擔(dān)責(zé)任beresponsibletosb.向某人負(fù)責(zé)析forcesbtodosth強(qiáng)迫某人做某事（=forcesbintodoingsth)這是“動(dòng)詞＋sb.todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。advisesb.todosth.建議某人做某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事persuadesb.todosth.說(shuō)服某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事enablesb.todosth.使某人能做某事insearchof尋找a／thesearchfor尋找，搜尋searchfor/search...for...·search（vi.）for尋找，搜尋searchforhisnameonthelist在名單上尋找他的名字·search（vt.）＋某人／某地＋for...為找到······而搜某人的身或搜查某地searchallthedrawersformypurse翻遍所有抽屜找我的錢(qián)包常用的“in+n.+of”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)：indangerof有······的危險(xiǎn)inneedof需要inpossessionof占有，持有，擁有inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)；主管infavourof支持；贊成inmemoryof為了紀(jì)念inhonourof向·······表示敬意linkAto/withB把A與B連接／聯(lián)系起來(lái)linkAandB（together）把A與B連接／聯(lián)系起來(lái)linkup(with...)（與······）結(jié)合，連接adirectlinkbetween...and...······和······之間的直接聯(lián)系“把A與B連接／聯(lián)系起來(lái)”的其他表達(dá)法：·joinAtoB·connectAwith/toB·relateAtoBaimtodosth.目的是做某事=aimatdoingsth.=aimatdoingsth.=beaimedatdoing=beaimedatdoingsth.目的是做某事，旨在做某事aim（sth.）at...（把某物）瞄準(zhǔn)······beaimedatsb.針對(duì)某人withtheaimof以······為目的achieveone＇saim達(dá)到某人的目標(biāo)takeaimat瞄準(zhǔn)······resultin結(jié)果，導(dǎo)致“導(dǎo)致，引起”的多種表達(dá)：bringabout;contributeto;leadto;cause;giverisetoresultinalackofconcentration導(dǎo)致注意力不集中bringabouteffects產(chǎn)生效果leadtoashortage導(dǎo)致不足causetrouble造成麻煩giverisetomisunderstanding引起誤會(huì)，導(dǎo)致誤解resultfrom由······引起；由于resultfromcarelessness由于粗心dieout滅絕（風(fēng)俗等）消失indangerofdyingout瀕臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)dieaway（聲音、光線、風(fēng)等）逐漸減弱Thewinddiedawayatdusk.黃昏時(shí)風(fēng)逐漸減弱了?！iedown逐漸變?nèi)?；逐漸平息（有遞減的過(guò)程）Thenoisehasdieddown.喧鬧聲逐漸消失了?！ieoff相繼死去（有遞減的次序）Manytreesaredyingoffforlackofwater.許多樹(shù)因缺水而相繼枯死。takenotes做筆記takenotesofrelevantinformation把相關(guān)的信息記下來(lái)takenotesofwhatthespeakersays記下發(fā)言人說(shuō)的話takenotesof表示“記下.··..”,而takenoteof則表示“留心,注意”,相當(dāng)于takenoticeofparenoteswithsb.與某人交換意見(jiàn)refertoyournotes參考你的筆記beharmfultosth對(duì)...有害beharmfultosth.=do/causeharmtosth.對(duì)某物有害to為個(gè)詞beharmlessto對(duì)······無(wú)害domoreharmthangood弊大于利meannoharm/notmeananyharm無(wú)意傷害,沒(méi)有惡意There'snoharmindoingsth./Itdoesnoharmtodosth.做某事沒(méi)有害處。dosb.good=dogoodtosb.對(duì)某人有好處dosb.wrong=dowrongtosb冤枉某人contributeto為..做出貢獻(xiàn)makeacontribution/contributionsto為······作出貢獻(xiàn);向·····捐款contribute...to...內(nèi)·····貢獻(xiàn)/捐······備contributemoneytothefloodstrickenarea向洪水災(zāi)區(qū)捐款contributetimetotheactivity把時(shí)間花在活動(dòng)上“導(dǎo)致,引起”的多種表達(dá):leadto,resultin,bringabout,cause,giverisetoonboard在船（火車(chē)、飛機(jī)）上onboardtheplane/ship/train在飛機(jī)上/船上/火車(chē)上go/getonboardtheplane/ship/train上飛機(jī)/船/火車(chē)boardaplane登上飛機(jī)boardatGate7在7號(hào)登機(jī)口登機(jī)aboardingschool寄宿學(xué)校a