名詞課件 中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

專題一名詞專題一名詞欄目導(dǎo)航數(shù)據(jù)縱覽考情分析1數(shù)據(jù)鏈接真題試做2數(shù)據(jù)共享考點(diǎn)聚集3知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖名詞名詞詞義辨析名詞的詞形變化名詞的數(shù)名詞所有格2013—2022年河北中考命題分析數(shù)據(jù)縱覽考情分析1河北省近年中考對(duì)名詞的考查主要集中在名詞詞義辨析上,重點(diǎn)考查考生在具體且有意義的語(yǔ)境中運(yùn)用目標(biāo)詞匯的能力考生在備考過(guò)程中要熟記《義務(wù)教育英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2022年版)》中的名詞;在日常學(xué)習(xí)中注意積累詞義或拼寫(xiě)相近的名詞;注意一詞多義現(xiàn)象;訓(xùn)練審題能力,培養(yǎng)根據(jù)題干設(shè)置情境提取信息的能力考點(diǎn)綜述滿分攻略2023預(yù)測(cè)(★★☆)預(yù)測(cè)2023年河北中考的單選題中有一道名詞詞義辨析題,與語(yǔ)境緊密結(jié)合。完形填空中也會(huì)有1—2道名詞辨析題。詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用中考查名詞變復(fù)數(shù)及與其他詞性的相關(guān)詞匯之間的轉(zhuǎn)化可能性較大考點(diǎn)年份名詞詞義辨析名詞的數(shù)&詞形變化名詞所有格題號(hào)選項(xiàng)設(shè)置所屬話題題號(hào)考查詞匯202248cities,

countries,

towns,villages環(huán)境居所

—49choices,

reports,

reasons,

lessons抽象名詞

72friend—friendly

76kind—kinds續(xù)表考點(diǎn)年份名詞詞義辨析名詞的數(shù)&詞形變化名詞所有格題號(hào)選項(xiàng)設(shè)置所屬話題題號(hào)考查詞匯202141rules,excuses,facts,examples日常生活77

match—matches

—43doctors,parents,teachers,students身份職業(yè)續(xù)表考點(diǎn)年份名詞詞義辨析名詞的數(shù)&詞形變化名詞所有格題號(hào)選項(xiàng)設(shè)置所屬話題題號(hào)考查詞匯202035book,menu,newspaper,magazine日常生活75step—steps—41way,reason,habit,result抽象名詞43joke,sport,task,lesson學(xué)習(xí)生活49worry,pity,surprise,pain情緒情感續(xù)表考點(diǎn)年份名詞詞義辨析名詞的數(shù)&詞形變化名詞所有格題號(hào)選項(xiàng)設(shè)置所屬話題題號(hào)考查詞匯201927singers,dancers,painters,writers身份職業(yè)78note—notes—37parent,teacher,

inventor,engineer身份職業(yè)39lights,projects,

suggestions,inventions學(xué)習(xí)生活45habit,story,interest,plan日常生活續(xù)表考點(diǎn)年份名詞詞義辨析名詞的數(shù)&詞形變化名詞所有格題號(hào)選項(xiàng)設(shè)置所屬話題題號(hào)考查詞匯201827advice,news,praise,choice抽象名詞79classmate—classmates—36salt,air,gold,sugar物質(zhì)名詞——38forms,secrets,uses,skills抽象名詞45money,medicine,earth,food日常生活續(xù)表考點(diǎn)年份名詞詞義辨析名詞的數(shù)&詞形變化名詞所有格題號(hào)選項(xiàng)設(shè)置所屬話題題號(hào)考查詞匯201738park,garden,forest,field地點(diǎn)場(chǎng)所72Monday—39smile,sign,fear,mark抽象名詞76class(classes)42arm,leg,hand,foot身體部位續(xù)表考點(diǎn)年份名詞詞義辨析名詞的數(shù)&詞形變化名詞所有格題號(hào)選項(xiàng)設(shè)置所屬話題題號(hào)考查詞匯201629secret,advice,promise,purpose抽象名詞77place—41experience,success,friendship,teamwork抽象名詞——47rest,sleep,excuse,result日?；顒?dòng)續(xù)表考點(diǎn)年份名詞詞義辨析名詞的數(shù)&詞形變化名詞所有格題號(hào)選項(xiàng)設(shè)置所屬話題題號(hào)考查詞匯201529printer,radio,player,camera日常用品79river—43glass,weight,water,height日常生活44minute,night,day,week時(shí)間80wish—wishes45mother,teacher,doctor,friend身份職業(yè)84activity—activities續(xù)表考點(diǎn)年份名詞詞義辨析名詞的數(shù)&詞形變化名詞所有格題號(hào)選項(xiàng)設(shè)置所屬話題題號(hào)考查詞匯201430ice,soup,salt,sugar日常飲食81win—winner—46boys,girls,men,women群體身份50town,market,garden,school公共場(chǎng)所89flower—flowers55pay,time,advice,love抽象名詞續(xù)表考點(diǎn)年份名詞詞義辨析名詞的數(shù)&詞形變化名詞所有格題號(hào)選項(xiàng)設(shè)置所屬話題題號(hào)考查詞匯201329color,size,smell,shape物體屬性81foot—feet—49fear,trouble,surprise,danger情緒情感50titles,orders,stories,questions日?；顒?dòng)sun—sunny51discussion,practice,meeting,

review日?；顒?dòng)續(xù)表數(shù)據(jù)鏈接真題試做2一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.

(2019·河北)Ilikethissong.It’sbyoneofmyfavorite

.

A.

singers B.

dancers C.

painters D.

writers2.

(2015·河北)Couldyoupleasetakemypicture?Hereismy

.

A.printer B.

radio C.

player D.

camera3.(2014·河北)Iwantsweetmilk.Putsome

inmycup,please.A.ice B.soup C.salt D.sugarAD126D345二、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用4.(2018·河北)Mr.DusaidIcouldbeagoodexampletomy__________

(classmate).5.(2017·河北)Wehavedifferent

(class)everyday.6.(2015·河北)MomandDadsendtheirbest

(wish).classmatesclasseswishes126345數(shù)據(jù)共享考點(diǎn)聚焦3Ⅰ近義名詞辨析Ⅱ同類名詞辨析Ⅲ不同類名詞辨析Ⅰ可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)Ⅱ不可數(shù)名詞的量化表達(dá)Ⅲ名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化考點(diǎn)

一名詞詞義辨析考點(diǎn)

二名詞的數(shù)與詞形變化考點(diǎn)

三名詞所有格在中考中,關(guān)于名詞的辨析多側(cè)重詞義的理解,重點(diǎn)考查具體語(yǔ)境中名詞的含義和用法,通常包括以下幾種情況:Ⅰ近義名詞辨析考點(diǎn)考法強(qiáng)化1.(原創(chuàng))—Listen!Whoissinging?—It’sBetty.Shehasasweet

.

A.sound B.voice C.noise D.speechB1234考點(diǎn)

一名詞詞義辨析2.(2022·秦皇島山海關(guān)區(qū)二模)Themathissodifficult,couldyougivemesome

?A.advice B.suggestion C.information D.message3.(2022·保定師范附中二模)—Mr.Li,couldyouhelpmeworkoutthemath

?—Ofcourse.A.question B.trouble C.problem D.matter4.(原創(chuàng))Thebusissocrowdedthatwecan’tfindany

formorepeople.A.place B.rooms C.area D.roomA1234CD學(xué)法方法點(diǎn)撥近義名詞辨析在中考中時(shí)有涉及,以下列舉了幾組考題中常見(jiàn)的近義名詞:1.voice、noise與sound辨析2.family、house與home辨析3.news、message與information辨析4.problem、question、trouble與matter辨析5.work與job辨析6.trip、journey、travel與tour辨析7.place、space與room辨析8.custom、culture與habit辨析9.speech、talk與lecture辨析10.lesson、course與subject辨析34Ⅱ同類名詞辨析考點(diǎn)考法強(qiáng)化1.(2022·武威)

The

rangandPatansweredit.

ItwashissoncallingfromNewYork.telephone B.

doorbell C.

clock D.

bike2.

(2022·威縣模擬)Myfavorite

issummerbecauseIcanswiminrivers.A.

year B.

month C.

week D.

seasonA3412345D3.

(2022·連云港)Thehatisnottheright

forme.I'dlikeasmallerone.A.

size B.

style C.

colour D.

material4.

(2022·撫順順城區(qū)模擬)SamandTomaregoodfriends.Their

begantenyearsago.A.

success B.

health C.

friendship D.

wealthAC123455.

(2022·廈門翔安區(qū)模擬)

—Marsprobe(火星探測(cè)器)Tianwen-Ⅰhasbeendoingawonderfuljob.—Yeah.

AndIdreamofbeinga

tofindoutthemysteryofMars.A.performer B.pianist C.scientist D.doctorC3412345學(xué)法方法點(diǎn)撥食品類名詞bread面包;

rice米飯;

noodles面條;

banana香蕉;

orange橙子,橙汁;

juice果汁等職業(yè)類名詞doctor醫(yī)生;

teacher老師;

policeman警察;

scientist科學(xué)家;

actor演員;

farmer農(nóng)民等疾病類名詞cold感冒;

cough咳嗽;

headache頭痛;

fever發(fā)燒;

flu流感;

stomachache胃痛;toothache牙痛等學(xué)習(xí)類名詞letter字母;

note筆記;

rule規(guī)則;word單詞;

story故事;

conversation對(duì)話;

discussion討論;lesson課程;mark分?jǐn)?shù);part部分;

passage文章;

practice練習(xí);

phrase短語(yǔ);review復(fù)習(xí);

sentence句子;

subject科目;

title標(biāo)題等地點(diǎn)處所類名詞place地方;

country農(nóng)村;

market市場(chǎng);

field田野;

bank銀行;

city城市;

factory工廠;

garden花園;

hospital醫(yī)院;hotel旅館;

office辦公室;

school學(xué)校等情緒情感類名詞trouble麻煩;

anger生氣;

cry哭;danger危險(xiǎn);

fear恐慌;

joy喜悅;

pride自豪;

pity遺憾;

pleasure愉快;

regret后悔;sadness傷心;

smile微笑;

surprise驚奇;

worry擔(dān)心等抽象類名詞courage勇氣;description描述;excuse借口;

dream夢(mèng)想;

friendship友誼;

progress進(jìn)步;

thought想法等續(xù)表Ⅲ不同類名詞辨析考點(diǎn)考法強(qiáng)化1.(2022·揚(yáng)州)Weyouthsdoourbestforourdreamsandtogetherasmallsuccesscangiveusasenseof

.A.

achievement B.

department C.

treatment D.

entertainment2.

(2022·丹陽(yáng)市二模)

—WhydoChinesepeoplelikered?—Becausethecolourredisthe

ofgoodluckinChina.A.

cause B.

example C.

symbol D.

dream61078915234AC3.

(2022·啟東市二模)

At2p.m.

onMarch27,2022,peoplefromthesearchandrescueteamstoodin

tomournthe132victimsofthecrashedMU5735aircraft.A.

spirit B.

silence C.

service D.

surprise4.(2022·溫州鹿城區(qū)三模)

Bepositive,

andyouwillalwaysfindsomethinggoodinabad

.A.

situation B.

instruction C.

direction D.

conversationBA610789152345.(2022·莆田荔城區(qū)一?！じ木?

SuBingtiansetanewAsian

of9.83secondsintheTokyoOlympicsMen’s100msemifinal(半決賽).A.rule B.record C.message D.medal6.Beingtallisusuallya(n)

inbasketball.Whynotconsiderjoiningourschoolbasketballteam?A.decision B.inspiration C.advantage D.reasonBC610789152347.(2022·沈河區(qū)二模)Inordertoprotecttheenvironment,weneedtotakeproper

.A.break B.breath C.action D.notes8.(2022·常州模擬)—Totellyouthetruth—Idon’twanttojoininthespeechcompetition.—Comeon.Youneedmorepracticetobuildupyour

.A.challenge B.confidence C.instruction D.personalityCB610789152349.(2022·昆明)—DoyouknowMarch21stisWorldSleepDay?Sleepisimportanttous.—Yes.Agoodsleepgivesus

andmakesushappy.A.truth B.fame C.energy D.culture10.(2022·云南)MissLihaslotsofteaching

.Shehasherownwaystomakeclasseslivelyandinteresting.A.exercise B.excitement C.experience D.environmentCC61078915234學(xué)法方法點(diǎn)撥綜合分析近年來(lái)的中考真題,名詞詞義的辨析也會(huì)打破類別的限制混合出現(xiàn)在一道題目之中?，F(xiàn)總結(jié)一些高頻詞匯,具體如下:1.activity(活動(dòng)),ability(能力),address(地址),advertisement(廣告),advantage(優(yōu)勢(shì)),advice(建議),answer(回答),attention(注意)2.balance(平衡),background(背景),beach(沙灘),bottom(底部),building(建筑物),business(商業(yè);生意)3.camera(照相機(jī)),challenge(挑戰(zhàn)),chance(機(jī)會(huì)),change(變化),collection(收集物),choice(選擇),competition(比賽;競(jìng)爭(zhēng)),cause(原因),custom(風(fēng)俗)4.danger(危險(xiǎn)),decision(決定),design(設(shè)計(jì)),difference(不同),discussion(討論),duty(責(zé)任),director(導(dǎo)演;主任),direction(方向)5.education(教育),energy(能量;精力),experiment(實(shí)驗(yàn)),expression(表達(dá)),environment(環(huán)境),experience(經(jīng)驗(yàn);經(jīng)歷),explanation(解釋說(shuō)明),European(歐洲人)6.feeling(感覺(jué)),festival(節(jié)日),fun(樂(lè)趣),future(未來(lái))7.habit(習(xí)慣),health(健康),hobby(業(yè)余愛(ài)好),hometown(家鄉(xiāng)),honor(榮譽(yù))8.illness(疾病),information(信息),interest(興趣),instruction(說(shuō)明),importance(重要性),invention(發(fā)明),invitation(邀請(qǐng))9.machine(機(jī)器),match(比賽;火柴),meaning(意思,意義),medicine(藥;醫(yī)學(xué)),method(方法),musician(音樂(lè)家)10.nature(自然),newspaper(報(bào)紙),noise(噪音)11.offer(提議),opinion(意見(jiàn);看法),opportunity(機(jī)會(huì)),organization(機(jī)構(gòu);組織)12.patient(病人),protection(保護(hù)),praise(表?yè)P(yáng)),promise(承諾),problem(問(wèn)題),pronunciation(發(fā)音),purpose(目的;意圖)13.reason(理由;原因),relation(關(guān)系),result(結(jié)果),research(研究;調(diào)查),report(報(bào)告)14.service(服務(wù)),shape(形狀;外形),stranger(陌生人),sight(視力;景象),style(樣式;款式),subject(學(xué)科),support(支持),success(成功),suggestion(建議),sense(感覺(jué))15.technology(技術(shù)),tourist(游客),tradition(傳統(tǒng)),traffic(車輛;交通),trouble(困難)16.value(價(jià)值),voice(嗓音),volunteer(志愿者),visitor(游客)17.waste(浪費(fèi)),wealth(財(cái)富),weight(重量)Ⅰ可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)考點(diǎn)考法強(qiáng)化1.(2022·齊齊哈爾富拉爾基區(qū)三模)

Space

,

astronautsZhaiZhigang,

WangYapingandYeGuangfusafelycamebacktotheearthfromtheTiangongspacestationlastmonth.A.

hero B.

heros C.

heroes D.

soldiersC61078915234考點(diǎn)

二名詞的數(shù)與詞形變化2.

(2022·岳陽(yáng)模擬改編)

Therearealotofbeautiful

lyingonthestreetafterthestorm.A.

ice B.

leaf C.

leaves D.

snow3.

(2022·北海模擬)

Americansuse

andforkstoeat.A.

knives B.

knife C.

aknife D.

knifes4.(2022·賀州八步區(qū)模擬)

These

weresenttothevillagestohelpthefarmers.A.

womendoctors B.

womendoctor.C.

womandoctorsD.

womandoctorCAA610789152345.

Heisamanwithrich

.Heoftentellsusmanyofhisexciting

_____

inAfrica.A.experience;experience B.experience;experiencesC.experiences;experience D.experiences;experiences6.(原創(chuàng))Look!Some

areonthefarm.A.horseandcows B.monkeyandcowC.sheepandcows D.sheepandcowBC610789152347.(原創(chuàng))Tomisarunningstar.Helikes

forbreakfast.A.eggs,tomatoandmilks B.eggs,tomatoesandmilkC.egg,tomatoandmilk D.eggs,tomatosandmilk8.—Mary,whoaretheseinthefamilyphoto?—Thisismy

andthesearemy

.A.sisters;parents B.sister;parentC.sisters;parent D.sister;parentsBD610789152349.Theyneedmanyelectric

(brush)towashthewinebottles.10.Leavingthewindowsopenisjustinviting

(thief)toenter.brushesthieves61078915234學(xué)法方法點(diǎn)撥8934情況構(gòu)成方法示例一般情況加-scap→caps

dog→dogsbike→bikes

driver→drivers以字母s、sh、ch、x等結(jié)尾加-esbus→buses

wish→wisheswatch→watches

box→boxes續(xù)表情況構(gòu)成方法示例以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變y為i,再加-eslady→ladies

century→centuriesfamily→families

story→stories以f或fe結(jié)尾一般變f或fe為v,再加-esleaf→leaves

life→liveshalf→halves

knife→knives續(xù)表情況構(gòu)成方法示例以o結(jié)尾o前為輔音音素時(shí)加-es,o前為元音音素時(shí)加-stomato→tomatoes

hero→heroespotato→potatoes

radio→radioszoo→zoos

(例外:photo→photos

piano→pianos)復(fù)合名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)tooth-brush→tooth-brushesfilm-goer→film-goers兩部分都變復(fù)數(shù)mandoctor→mendoctorswomanteacher→womenteachers續(xù)表情況構(gòu)成方法示例特殊名詞改變內(nèi)部元音字母foot→feet

tooth→teethman→men

mouse→mice詞尾加-renchild→children單復(fù)數(shù)同形sheep→sheep

deer→deerChinese→Chinese“各國(guó)人”名詞變復(fù)數(shù)中日是一致,英法a改e,其他一律加-sChinese→Chinese

Japanese→JapaneseEnglishman→EnglishmenFrenchman→Frenchmen

German→GermansⅡ不可數(shù)名詞的量化表達(dá)考點(diǎn)考法強(qiáng)化1.

Ineedsome

onhowtolearnEnglishwell.A.

suggestions B.

advices C.

suggestion D.

advise2.

—

Tony,doyouwantsomemilkforbreakfast?—

Yes,Mom.CanIhavesomepiecesof

,too?A.

bread B.

chickens C.

hamburgers D.

vegetables4123AA3.(原創(chuàng))—MayIhelpyou,sir?—Yes,I’dliketwo

salt.A.bags B.bagof C.bagsof D.kilos4.(原創(chuàng))Look!Some

areonthetable.A.breads B.piecesofbreads C.pieceofbread D.piecesofbread4123CD學(xué)法方法點(diǎn)撥不可數(shù)名詞一般不可以用數(shù)詞來(lái)修飾,沒(méi)有詞形變化。當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞要計(jì)量時(shí),要用“數(shù)詞或冠詞+表示量的名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示,表示量的名詞可以有單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。apieceofbread一片面包somepiecesofbread幾片面包akiloofmeat一千克肉threekilosofmeat三千克肉若為概數(shù)表達(dá)則可用some、much、alotof/lotsof、plentyof等來(lái)修飾。常考的不可數(shù)名詞:advice(建議),furniture(家具),clothing(衣服),fun(樂(lè)趣),homework(家庭作業(yè)),information(信息),paper(紙),sugar(糖),work(工作),news(新聞),traffic(交通),weather(天氣),wealth(財(cái)富)Ⅲ名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化考點(diǎn)考法強(qiáng)化1.

(2022·秦皇島海港區(qū)二模)

Shemadethehousefilledwith__________

(happy)

andlaughter.2.

(2022·邯鄲武安一模)

Robertisan

(America)writer.3.

(2022·衡水市景縣一模)

Iwantedtobeafireman,butIfoundIwasalittleafraidof

(high).happinessAmericanheight16201718191115121314610789152344.

(2022·石家莊二十八中一模)

Its

(succeed)isimportantbecauseweneedit.5.Nextweek,we’llhaveourfinal

(examine).6.Idon’tunderstandthe

(mean)ofthissentence.7.(原創(chuàng))Thankyouforsharingyour

(happy)withme.8.(原創(chuàng))Physicsisaheadacheforme.Canyougivemesome__________(suggest)?successexaminationmeaninghappinesssuggestions16201718191115121314610789152349.(原創(chuàng))TheteacherwasratherangrywithTom’s

(absent).10.(原創(chuàng))Eatingtoomuchmeatisbadforyour

(healthy).11.(原創(chuàng))It’squite

(nature)foryoutosucceed.12.(原創(chuàng))Eating

(health)foodisgoodforyou.13.(原創(chuàng))Withtherapid

(develop)ofmodernscience,ourlifeisbecomingbetterandbetter.14.(原創(chuàng))Myuncleisafamous

(piano).Ilovehismusic.absencehealthnaturalhealthydevelopmentpianist162017181911151213146107891523415.(原創(chuàng))Havingagood

(educate)isnecessaryforusall.16.(原創(chuàng))Afterclass,childrenwentoutoftheirclassroomtoenjoythe

________(warm)ofthesun.17.(原創(chuàng))Johndidn’tattendthemeetingbecauseofhis

(ill).18.(原創(chuàng))Foryour

(safe),youshoulddrivemoreslowly.19.(原創(chuàng))Thanksforyour

(invite)toyoureighteenthbirthdayparty.educationwarmthillnesssafetyinvitation162017181911151213146107891523420.(原創(chuàng))Inourschool,studentshavealotof

(active)afterschool.activities1620171819111512131461078915234學(xué)法方法點(diǎn)撥181913148934動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞-mentimprove→improvementdevelop→developmentachieve→achievement-ionprotect→protectioninvent→inventionconnect→connectionsuggest→suggestion動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞去e,加-ioneducate→educationrelate→relationcongratulate→congratulation動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞-ationinvite→invitationexamine→examinationimagine→imagination續(xù)表動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞-ingwarn→warning

mean→meaning-er/orteach→teacher

invent→inventor形容詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞詞尾的t改為cesilent→silencedifferent→differenceabsent→absence續(xù)表形容詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞-y/tyhonest→honestysafe→safety

active→activity-nesshappy→happinessill→illness

kind→kindness-thtrue→truth

warm→warmth名詞轉(zhuǎn)形容詞-ysun→sunny

health→healthy

luck→lucky-ful/lesscare→careful,carelesshope→hopeful,hopelessuse→useful,useless續(xù)表名詞轉(zhuǎn)形容詞-al或去e加alcentre→central

nature→naturalperson→personal-lyfriend→friendly

week→weekly

day→daily-edbalance→balanced

talent→talented-ousfame→famous

humor→humorous名詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞-izememory→memorize名詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞-