北京市通州區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1北京市通州區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Afewweeksago,Ireceivedapackagecontainingseedsfrommyfriend.WhenIaskedherwhattheywould___1___into,asmilecrossedherface.“Justplantthemandbepatient.You’llseeforyourself___2___!”shesaid.Isowedtheseedsinaflowerpot.Inthefirstfewdays,Iwasveryexcitedtosearchfortheslightestsigns,but___3___happened.Withheavyloadsofhomework,Ibegantofeelsadand___4___.HowmuchIlongedforthecolorinmyfast-pacedlife.Iwateredtheplantsindryperiods.Ontheeighthday,tomygreat___5___,afewlightgreensprouts(新芽)appeared.Bendingdownandstudyingtheplants,Icouldalmosthearthemgrowing.Moredayspassed,andtheflowerpotsoonbecame___6___withcoriander(香菜)plants.Nowtheyaretallerthantheedgeofthepot,constantlyshakingtheirleavesinthegentlewind,asiftheyweremerrilysingingasongof___7___.Iamcertainthatafterafewmoredays,myplantswillbereadyfor___8___.Theseplantshaveplayedanimportantpartin___9___upmyeverydaylife.Theymaynotbeamaindishonourtable,butusingsomewillsurelymakeourdishesdelicious.Letusallslowourpacedownandbepatient.Solongaswetakestepstosetourheartsfree,timeandpatiencewill____10____uswiththepurepleasureofbeingaliveinthislovelyworld.1.A.grow B.run C.look D.break2.A.immediately B.finally C.quickly D.regularly3.A.anything B.everything C.something D.nothing4.A.shocked B.disappointed C.embarrassed D.scared5.A.surprise B.pity C.shame D.anxiety6.A.packed B.lined C.crowded D.piled7.A.courage B.freedom C.interest D.relief8.A.harvest B.loss C.sights D.rest9.A.picking B.ending C.brightening D.taking10.A.impress B.assist C.surround D.reward〖答案〗1.A2.B3.D4.B5.A6.C7.B8.A9.C10.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是作者將香菜種子種在花盆里，后來(lái)種子發(fā)芽，長(zhǎng)成了香菜，點(diǎn)亮了作者的生活，這讓作者意識(shí)到只要我們采取措施讓我們的心靈自由，時(shí)間和耐心會(huì)給我們帶來(lái)快樂(lè)?！?題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我問(wèn)她它們長(zhǎng)大后會(huì)變成什么樣子時(shí)，她臉上掠過(guò)一絲笑容。A.grow生長(zhǎng)；B.run跑；C.look看；D.break打破。由后文的“Justplantthemandbepatient.You’llseeforyourself”可知，作者朋友叫作者把種子種下去耐心等待，說(shuō)明作者問(wèn)的是種子長(zhǎng)大后會(huì)變成什么，故選A?！?題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：你最終會(huì)親眼看到的！A.immediately立刻；B.finally最后；C.quickly快速地；D.regularly有規(guī)律地。but表轉(zhuǎn)折，由上文的“Iaskedherwhattheywould_____into”可知，作者想知道種子長(zhǎng)大會(huì)變成什么，那應(yīng)該要到最后才能看到，故選B?！?題詳析】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：在最初的幾天里，我非常興奮地尋找最輕微的跡象，但什么也沒(méi)有發(fā)生。A.anything任何東西；B.everything所有東西；C.something某些東西；D.nothing沒(méi)有任何東西。由上文的“Iwasveryexcitedtosearchfortheslightestsigns”和but表轉(zhuǎn)折可知，作者找種子發(fā)芽的跡象，但是卻什么也沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)，空格處是“沒(méi)有任何東西”，故選D?！?題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：沉重的家庭作業(yè)，我開(kāi)始感到悲傷和失望。A.shocked震驚的；B.disappointed失望的；C.embarrassed尷尬的；D.scared害怕的。由“Withheavyloadsofhomework,Ibegantofeelsad”和后面的“HowmuchIlongedforthecolorinmyfast-pacedlife”可知，家庭作業(yè)太多，種子沒(méi)有發(fā)芽，而作者又需要色彩，作者覺(jué)得傷心和失望，故選B。【5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：第八天，讓我大吃一驚的是，出現(xiàn)了幾顆嫩綠的芽。A.surprise驚訝；B.pity同情；C.shame羞恥；D.anxiety焦慮。由后文的“afewlightgreensprouts(新芽)appeared”可知，種子發(fā)芽了，作者應(yīng)該覺(jué)得驚訝，toone’ssurprise意為“讓某人驚訝的是”，故選A?！?題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：幾天過(guò)去了，花盆里很快擺滿(mǎn)了香菜。A.packed打包；B.lined沿……形成行（或列、排）；C.crowded聚集；D.piled堆放。由第二段的“Isowedtheseedsinaflowerpot”和后文的“withcoriander(香菜)plants”可知，作者先前把種子種在花盆里，現(xiàn)在花盆里應(yīng)該擠滿(mǎn)了香菜，becrowdedwith意為“擠滿(mǎn)”，故選C。【7題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在它們比盆邊還高了，它們的葉子在和風(fēng)里不停地晃動(dòng)著，好像在歡快地唱著一首自由的歌。A.courage勇氣；B.freedom自由；C.interest興趣；D.relief緩解。由上文的“constantlyshakingtheirleavesinthegentlewind”可知，葉子在和風(fēng)里不停地晃動(dòng)著，給人感覺(jué)它們很自由，因此句子表示“好像在歡快地唱著一首自由的歌”，故選B。【8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我相信再過(guò)幾天，我的植物就可以收獲了。A.harvest收獲；B.loss損失；C.sights視野；D.rest休息。由上文的“afterafewmoredays”可知，再過(guò)幾天香菜應(yīng)該是可以收獲了，故選A?！?題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這些植物在點(diǎn)亮我的日常生活中起著重要的作用。A.picking挑選；B.ending結(jié)束；C.brightening照亮；D.taking拿走。由后文的“usingsomewillsurelymakeourdishesdelicious”可知，香菜使菜肴更美味，因此是點(diǎn)亮了作者的生活，故選C?！?0題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：只要我們采取措施讓我們的心靈自由，時(shí)間和耐心會(huì)回報(bào)我們生活在這個(gè)可愛(ài)的世界的純粹的快樂(lè)。A.impress使留下深刻印象；B.assist幫助；C.surround圍繞；D.reward獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。由上文的“Solongaswetakestepstosetourheartsfree,timeandpatience”和“withthepurepleasureofbeingaliveinthislovelyworld”可知，句子表示“只要我們采取措施讓我們的心靈自由，時(shí)間和耐心會(huì)回報(bào)我們生活在這個(gè)可愛(ài)的世界的純粹的快樂(lè)”，因此空格處是“回報(bào)”，故選D。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分.共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。HarryisanAmericanbusinessman.Hisjob___11___(require)himtodoalotoftravelingInthepastsixmonthshehasmadeninetrips,___12___purposeistoattendmeetingsandmakepresentations.Harrylovestotravelandfeelseachcountryhasacharmofitsown.Aftergraduation,Harrydecidedtomaketravelpartofhiscareer.Hewantedtoexperiencedifferentculturesofother___13___(country).Hewasdreamingofworkingforaninternationalcompany.Thenhisdreamcametrue.〖答案〗11.requires12.whose13.countries【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。哈里是一位美國(guó)商人。他的工作需要他經(jīng)常出差。他夢(mèng)想在一家國(guó)際公司工作?，F(xiàn)在他在一家德國(guó)高科技公司工作?！?1題詳析】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：他的工作要求他經(jīng)常出差。文章主時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)job是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故填requires?！?2題詳析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：在過(guò)去的6個(gè)月里，他進(jìn)行了9次旅行，目的是參加會(huì)議和做演講。此處trips是先行詞，關(guān)系詞在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞whose，故填whose?！?3題詳析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：他想體驗(yàn)其他國(guó)家的不同文化。根據(jù)other“其他的”，可知后面用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填countries。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。DrivingtoPalmSpringstwoyearsago,Imetasnowstorm.Acarsuddenlychangedthedirection___14___(avoid)hittingmineanddrifted(漂移)towardsthesideofthecliff.Meanwhile,somedrivers___15___(sit)indifferentcarsrushedout.They___16___(take)offthechainsthathadprotectedtheirowntyresandputthemonthatcar’styres___17___(rapid).Justasthecarwasabouttobelostoffthecliff,thosedriverssteppedup,lettingtheirkindheartsgobeyondthesnowstorm.〖答案〗14.toavoid15.sitting16.took17.rapidly【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者開(kāi)車(chē)去棕櫚泉的途中，有車(chē)陷入困境，大家齊心幫忙的故事?！?4題詳析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：一輛汽車(chē)突然改變方向以避免撞上我的車(chē)，并向懸崖邊漂移。動(dòng)詞avoid意為“避免”，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句謂語(yǔ)為changed，故本空作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合語(yǔ)意，汽車(chē)突然改變方向是為了避免撞上作者的車(chē)，空處應(yīng)填不定式形式toavoid，作目的狀語(yǔ)。故〖答案〗為toavoid?！?5題詳析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：與此同時(shí)，一些坐在不同車(chē)?yán)锏乃緳C(jī)沖了出來(lái)。動(dòng)詞sit意為“坐”，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句謂語(yǔ)為rushedout，故本空作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，sit與邏輯主語(yǔ)drivers之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在分詞sitting，作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞drivers。故〖答案〗為sitting?！?6題詳析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他們摘下保護(hù)自己輪胎的鏈條，迅速把它們放在那輛汽車(chē)輪胎上。結(jié)合句意和空后的hadprotected可知，事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞使用過(guò)去式形式took。故〖答案〗為took?！?7題詳析】考查副詞。句意：他們摘下保護(hù)自己輪胎的鏈條，迅速把它們放在那輛汽車(chē)輪胎上。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空填副詞rapidly“迅速地”，作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞put。故〖答案〗為rapidly。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。NewresearchintoEQandIQsuggeststhatsuccessisnotsimplytheresultofahighIQ.WhileyourIQtellsyou___18___intelligentyouare,yourEQtellsyouhowwellyouuseyourintelligence.AccordingtoProfessorSalovey,atwork,itisIQthatgetsyouhiredbutitisEQthatgetsyoupromoted.Itisgenerallybelieved___19___peoplewithhighEQareopentonewideasandhavepositiveattitudestowardslife.Theyarealsolesslikelytobetroubledbyproblems.AlsomostsocialscientistsagreethatEQhasalottodo___20___education—improvingaperson’sEQ,especiallyintermsof“peopleskills”.〖答案〗18.how19.that20.with【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了智商和情商的作用以及兩者之間的關(guān)系，智商說(shuō)明你多聰明，情商說(shuō)明怎樣更好地運(yùn)用智商。一個(gè)人的成功更多的在于他的情商?！?8題詳析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：智商表明你到底有多聰明，而情商表明你如何善用智慧。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作tell的賓語(yǔ)，設(shè)空處修飾形容詞intelligent，表示“多么”，用連接副詞how。故填how?！?9題詳析】考查名詞性從句。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為，情商高的人容易接納新思想，對(duì)待生活積極樂(lè)觀。句子分析可知，此句為固定句型“Itisgenerallybelievedtha…(人們普遍認(rèn)為……)”，句中it作形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句為真正主語(yǔ)，that在從句中不作語(yǔ)法成分，無(wú)詞匯意義，因此設(shè)空處填連接詞that構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)從句。故填that?！?0題詳析】考查介詞。句意：大多數(shù)社會(huì)學(xué)家也認(rèn)為，情商與教育有很大關(guān)系——提高一個(gè)人的情商，尤其是在“人際交往能力”方面。固定搭配have...todowith意為“與...有關(guān)”，havealottodowith表示“與……有很大關(guān)系”符合句意，設(shè)空處填介詞with。故填with。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。A2023Illustration(插畫(huà))CompetitionWelcometoenterfortheCommunicationArtsIllustrationCompetition,mostrespectedandadmiredintheindustryforcreativityinillustration.EachwinnerwillreceiveaprofessionalizedAwardofExcellence,atrophy(獎(jiǎng)杯)andacertificate.Thisawardisoneofthemostdesiredawards.Ifchosen,winningwillplaceyouinthehighestpositionofyourindustry.WhatToEnterWithAnyillustrationfirstpublishedorproducedfromJan.2023toJan.2024isqualified.Entriesmayoriginatefromanycountry.DescriptionsinEnglisharenecessaryforthejudgestoread.EntriesCanBeSubmitted(提交)InTheFollowingFormatsDigitalImages:RGBimagesinJPGformatwithamaximumfilesizeof2MB.GIFimagesmaybelivelier,butwouldbeturneddown,andsowouldthePNGones.DlustrationCompetitionCategories&EntryFeesCategorySingleillustrationSeriesofillustrationBooks(covers,jackets,etc.)$40$80(limitof5)Motions(mediaforfilms,videos,etc)$90$180(limitof3)StudentWork$20(Image)$45(Video)$40(limitof5)$90(limitof3)Formorecategories,pleasedownloadthecategoryPDF.LateFeesEntriesmustberegisterednolaterthanJan.13,2024.Entriesregisteredafterthatdatewillbechargedafeeof$10each.NoentriescanberegisteredafterJan.27,2024.21.Whatwillthewinnerget?A.Atailor-madeawardcertificate. B.Achanceforoverseasstudy.C.Widelyacceptedintheindustry. D.PrizemoneyfromCommunicationArts.22.Whichofthefollowingisqualifiedforthecompetition?A.Animagewith1MBJPGformat. B.Amotionpublishedwithin2years.C.Aseriesforjacketsof10illustrations. D.AstudentworkwithoutEnglishintroduction.23.HowmuchshouldbechargedforaseriesoffourcoverillustrationssubmittedonJan.25,2024?A.$80. B.$120. C.$110. D.$90.〖答案〗21.C22.A23.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則2023插畫(huà)比賽的通告，介紹了參賽要求以及收費(fèi)等信息?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifchosen,winningplacesyouinthehighestranksofyourprofession.(如果被選中，獲勝將使你在你的職業(yè)中處于最高的地位)”可知，比賽的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)呖梢栽诒緦?zhuān)業(yè)處于最高級(jí)別，即獲勝者會(huì)得到在業(yè)界的廣泛認(rèn)可。故選C?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“AnyillustrationfirstpublishedorproducedfromJan.2023toJan.2024isqualified.Entriesmayoriginatefromanycountry.DescriptionsinEnglisharenecessaryforthejudgestoread.(任何在2023年1月至2024年1月期間首次出版或制作的插圖都是合格的。參賽作品可以來(lái)自任何國(guó)家。英文描述是評(píng)委必須閱讀的。)”和第三段“DigitalImages:RGBimagesinJPGformatwithamaximumfilesizeof2MB.(數(shù)字圖像：JPG格式的RGB圖像，最大文件大小為2MB。)”和表格“Books(covers,jackets,etc.)$80(limitof5)(書(shū)籍(封面、護(hù)套等)$80(限5個(gè)))”可知，一張1MBJPG格式的圖片適合比賽。故選A。【23題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格Books(covers,jackets,interiors,etc.)部分中Seriesofillustrations（上限5個(gè)）收費(fèi)為80美元”以及最后一段“EntriesmustberegisterednolaterthanJan.13,2024.Entriesregisteredafterthatdatewillbechargedafeeof$10each.(參賽作品必須在2024年1月13日之前注冊(cè)。在此日期之后報(bào)名的作品將被收取10美元的費(fèi)用)”可知，2024年1月25日提交的四張封面插圖需要支付80+4×10=120美元。故選B。BOpenwaterswimmingIhadonlyswuminopenwaterafewtimes,andalwaysingentlelakes,soIwasn’tpreparedforhowroughLakeWindermereappearedonacoldday.Aswimmertoldmethewaterfeltcolderthanithadbeenmeasured,andthatthewaterwasabitrough.ButI,alongwith10,000others,wasabouttocompletethechallenge.Mostofthepeopletakingpartweredoingaone-milerace,and10raceswereplannedovertheweekend.Thereseemedtobeamixofopen-waterenthusiastsalongsidecompletebeginners—whichispreciselytheaimoftheswims,togetasmanypeopleaspossiblecompletingtheirownchallenge.Theoldestwomancompetingwas77,takingpartinthetwo-milerace,alongsideamanwholastyearhadswumineveryone-milerace.Ihadchosenthethirdone-mileraceoftheday.Therewereover600peopleinmyrace.Weweretakenthroughanacclimatizationarea,achildren’spaddlingpool-sizedpartofthelakewherewemovedintofeelhowcoldthewaterwas.“Nottoobad”waseveryone’sthought!Thenweheadedouttowardsthemiddleofthelake.We’dbeenwarnedthatthefirst100metreswouldbereallyrough.However,somewherenearthe750mmarkIwasstillwaitingforthecalm;itfeltmorelikeswimmingintheseathanalake.Itriedtofocusonmybreathingandtechnique,andjustkeepgoing.AsIapproachedthe400m-to-gomarkmylowerrightlegbecamepainful.Irecalledoverhearingpeopletalkingabouthowtheykeptswimmingthroughthepain,soItried.Butitdidn’twork.Ibegantofeeltheentirelegtightandpainful.Ididn’twanttostop,soIbentmyrightkneeandjustkickedwiththeleftleg.FinallyIsawthefinishingpost,andIjustconcentratedongettingthere—stillone-legged.Myfinishingtimewas38minutes25secondsbutthatdidn’tmatter—theatmospherewasfantasticandeveryonefeltasenseofachievement,whatevertheirtime.I’mhooked,andwanttogiveitanothergo.I’vealreadysignedupformynextopen-waterswim.24.Howdidtheauthorfeelbeforetherace?A.Scaredofthemostchallengingrace.B.Disappointedbythedifficultconditions.C.Concernedabouttheotherswimmersintherace.D.Determinedtobeastoughasthepeoplearoundher.25.WhydoestheauthormentionthetwopeopleinParagraph2?A.Tostresstheimportanceoftherace.B.Topraisetheexperiencedswimmers.C.Toshowthewiderangeoftheparticipants.D.Tointroducethevariouseventsoftherace.26.TheauthorsuggestsinParagraph4that______.A.theracewouldcausebreathingproblemsB.theracebecameharderthanshehadexpectedC.itwasreallynecessarytopreparefortoughswimsD.itwouldhavebeeneasierifshehadtakenothers’advice27.Whatdoestheauthortalkaboutinthelastparagraph?A.Herconfidenceinherownability.B.Herprideinhavingswumsoquickly.C.Hereagernesstorepeattheexperience.D.Hersurpriseathavingmanagedtofinish.〖答案〗24.D25.C26.B27.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文屬于記敘文，描述作者參加一英里的天然水域游泳的經(jīng)歷，最終成功到達(dá)終點(diǎn)線?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段ButI,alongwith10,000others,wasabouttocompletethechallenge.可知，我馬上和其他10000名游泳者完成這項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)，故可知，他們很堅(jiān)定要完成這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，故選D?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Thereseemedtobeamixofopen-waterenthusiastsalongsidecompletebeginners—whichispreciselytheaimoftheswims,togetasmanypeopleaspossiblecompletingtheirownchallenge.Theoldestwomancompetingwas77,takingpartinthetwo-milerace,alongsideamanwholastyearhadswumineveryone-milerace.可知，參賽者包括天然水域游泳的愛(ài)好者，也包括初學(xué)者，也有很多人完成自己的挑戰(zhàn)，這里面就有77歲參加2英里游泳的老人，也有去年參加一英里的男子，故可知，該比賽參與者范圍很廣，故選C。【26題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Irecalledoverhearingpeopletalkingabouthowtheykeptswimmingthroughthepain,soItried.Butitdidn’twork.Ibegantofeeltheentirelegtightandpainful.可知，我想起了那些人提及的克服水中抽筋的技巧，但是沒(méi)有作用，我感覺(jué)整條腿開(kāi)始緊張?zhí)弁矗士芍?，這次比賽比她想象的要艱難，故選B?！?7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段I’mhooked,andwanttogiveitanothergo.I’vealreadysignedupformynextopen-waterswim.可知，我被吸引住了，想要再?lài)L試一次，準(zhǔn)備好為下一次游泳比賽報(bào)名，故可知，作者為完成比賽而感到興奮，也喜歡上了這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，故選C。CHaveyoueverwonderedwhathappenstoalloftheoldobjectslaunchedintospace,suchasrocketsandsatellites?It’scalledspacejunk,andmuchofitisstillouttherenow.AccordingtoNASA,thedefinitionofspacejunkis“anyman-madeobjectinorbit(軌道)aroundEarththatnolongerservesausefulfunction”.Onelargepieceofspacejunk,anabandonedrocket,hitthedarksideofthemoononMarch4.Therocket’soriginisnotclear,butscientistsknowthatitwasmassive—weighingabout3tons.Itmusthaveleftalargecrater(坑),estimated10to20meterswide,onthemoon’ssurface.Itwon’tbevisiblerightaway,butscientistsaretryingtolocateit.“Wewillfindthecrater,eventually,”MarkRobinson,leadinvestigatorforNASALunarReconnaissanceOrbiterCamera,toldUSATODAY.“Dependingonitslocation,itcouldtakeaslongas28days.”What’ssignificantaboutthisspacejunkcrashisthatitdrawsattentiontosomeofthepotentialdangersofspacejunk.First,theaccumulationofspacejunkinEarth’sorbitmeansthatsatellitesandtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)areatrisk.In2016,tinyspacedebris(殘骸),smallerthanamillimeter,causedatinychipintheISS’window.Imaginethedamagethatalargerpieceofdebriscouldcause.TheEuropeanSpaceAgencywebsitestatesthatobjects“upto1cminsizecoulddisableaninstrumentoracriticalflightsystemonasatellite”whileobjectsover10cm“couldshatterasatelliteorspacecraftintopieces”.Ifthissoundsterrifying,that’sbecauseitis.Anycollision(碰撞)withlargerpiecesofdebriscouldbeespeciallydangerousformannedspacecraft.Inadditiontopotentialdamagetospacecraftandsatellites,spacejunkalsoposesathreattotheEarthitselfCrashescansenddebrisintotheatmospherewhereitcanremainformanydecades.Somepowerfulcollisionscanevensendlargedebrishurtling(猛沖)towardEarth’ssurfacewhereitcanaffectthelocalenvironment.Leftoverrocketdebriscancontaintoxicmaterialsthatareharmfultoplantandanimallife.SomepeopleinSiberiahaveevenreportedserioushealthproblemsafterrocketdebrislandedintheirregionsin2012,alocaldoctortoldtheBBC.28.Whichofthefollowingcanberegardedasspacejunk?A.Adisusedspacestation. B.Aspacecraftorbitingthemoon.C.Acrateronthemoon’ssurface. D.AsatelliteworkinginlowEarthorbit.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinParagraph2?A.Locatingthecrater. B.Trackingtherocket.C.Cleaningupthespacejunk. D.Findingouttherocket’sorigin.30.Whatcanbeinferredaboutspacejunkfromthelastparagraph?A.It’slikelytocauseaglobalenvironmentalcrisis.B.It’simpossibletostopitfromenteringtheatmosphere.C.Itcancausealastingthreatifitremainsintheatmosphere.D.Thetoxicmaterialscontainedinspacejunkarethebiggestrisk.〖答案〗28.A29.A30.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了太空垃圾對(duì)于太空，地球，以及人類(lèi)會(huì)造成的潛在的威脅以及傷害?！?8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“AccordingtoNASA,thedefinitionofspacejunkis“anyman-madeobjectinorbit(軌道)aroundEarththatnolongerservesausefulfunction”.(根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局的說(shuō)法，太空垃圾的定義是“任何在地球軌道上的人造物體，不再具有有用的功能”。)”可知，廢棄的空間站屬于不再具有有用功能的人造物體，因此是太空垃圾。故選A?！?9題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段““Wewillfindthecrater.eventually,”MarkRobinson,leadinvestigatorforNASALunarReconnaissanceOrbiterCamera,toldUSATODAY.“Dependingonitslocation,itcouldtakeaslongas28days.”(“我們最終會(huì)找到隕石坑，”美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局月球勘測(cè)軌道相機(jī)首席研究員馬克?羅賓遜告訴《今日美國(guó)》?！案鶕?jù)地點(diǎn)的不同，可能需要28天的時(shí)間。”)”可知，這里說(shuō)的it指代上文提到的隕石坑的位置。故選A?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Inadditiontopotentialdamagetospacecraftandsatellites,spacejunkalsoposesathreattotheEarthitselfCrashescansenddebrisintotheatmospherewhereitcanremainformanydecades.(除了對(duì)航天器和衛(wèi)星的潛在損害外，太空垃圾還對(duì)地球本身構(gòu)成威脅。撞擊會(huì)將碎片送入大氣層，并在那里停留幾十年。)”可知，太空垃圾留在大氣層中會(huì)造成持續(xù)的威脅。故選C。DTolearntothinkistolearntoquestion.Thosewhodon’tquestionnevertrulythinkforthemselves.Thesearesimplerulesthathavegovernedtheadvancementofscienceandhumanthought.Advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheoriesandintroducenewones.Unfortunately,itisoftenthegreatandrespectedthinkerswhoendupslowingtheprogressofhumanthought.Aristotlewasabrilliantphilosopherwhosetheoriesexplainedmuchofthenaturalworld,oftenincorrectly.Hewassorespectedbythescientificcommunitythateven1,200yearsafterhisdeath,scientistswerestilltryingtobuilduponhismistakesratherthancorrectthem.Brilliantmindscanintimidateupandcomingthinkerswhoarenotconfidentoftheirabilities.TheyoftenbelievetheyarenotasgoodasthemindsofgiantssuchasAristotle.leadingmanytoacceptcurrentideasinsteadofquestioningthem.Ilikemanythinkersofthepast,oncebelievedinmymentalweakness.Ididn’tquestionwhatwaswrittenonthosepages.Irespectedthem,andacceptedwhatevertheytoldme.Butthatattitudesoonchanged.Mymind’sindependencewasfirstdevelopedintheclassroom.A65-year-oldscienceteacheroncetoldmethatlightisatypeofwave.Iconfidentlybelievedthatlightisawave.Oneday,however,IheardtheGermanexchangestudentmentionedthatlightcouldbemadeupofparticles(粒子).Astheotherslaughedathisstatement(陳述),Istartedtoquestionmybeliefs.Maybetheteachersandtextbookshadn’tgivenmethewholestory.Iwenttothelibrary,didsomeresearchandlearnedofthelight-as-a-wavevslight-as-a-particledebate.IrealizedIhadgonethroughlifeacceptingonlyhalfofthestoryasthewholetruth.Eachnewyearbroughtmorenewfacts,andIhadevenmorequestions.Ifoundmyselfinthelibraryafterschool,tryingtofindmyownanswerstogainamorecompleteunderstandingofwhatIthoughtIalreadyknew.Eventextbookscanbechallenged.Ilearnedtoquestionmysources,Ilearnedtobeathinker.Questionsaresaidtobethepathtotruth,andIplantocontinuequestioning.Howmanythingsdoweknowforsuretodaythatwewillquestioninthefuture?Iknownothingcanescapethegravityofablackhole.Thisknowledgemaychangeinthenext20years.Theonethingwecancontrolnowisouropennesstodiscovery.Questionsarethetoolsofopenminds,andopenmindsarethekeytointellectualadvancement.31.Inthefirstparagraph,Aristotleistakenasanexampletoshowthat__________.A.heisthegreatestandrespectedphilosopherofalltimeB.advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheoriesC.greatthinkersoftenmakemistakesandthencorrectthemD.hugeinfluenceofgreatthinkersmayblockhumanthought32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimidate”inParagraph2mean?A.Frighten. B.Encourage. C.Strengthen. D.Disappoint.33.Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat__________.A.theauthorisnotquitesureabouthisfutureB.wehumanbeingsdon’tdaretopredictfutureC.thetheoryofblackholeswillbetrueforeverD.questioningisnecessarytopromoteadvancement34.Accordingtothepassage,theauthor__________.A.determinestobeathinkerandquestionerB.alwaysthrowshimselfintothelaboratoryC.looksdownupongreatthinkersallthetimeD.neverdoubtswhathehaslearnedinthetextbook〖答案〗31.D32.A33.D34.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇夾敘夾議類(lèi)文章。主要強(qiáng)調(diào)了質(zhì)疑對(duì)智力成長(zhǎng)和知識(shí)進(jìn)步的重要性。作者從對(duì)于光的本質(zhì)的了解開(kāi)始，講述了自己認(rèn)識(shí)到質(zhì)疑重要性的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷。通過(guò)研究和獨(dú)立探索，作者學(xué)會(huì)了不盲目接受信息。這種態(tài)度使作者對(duì)事物有了更深刻的理解?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Unfortunately,itisoftenthegreatandrespectedthinkerswhoendupslowingtheprogressofhumanthought.”（不幸的是，往往是那些偉大的、受人尊敬的思想家最終延緩了人類(lèi)思想的進(jìn)步。）可知作者用亞里士多德的例子是為了表明偉大的思想家的巨大影響可能會(huì)阻礙人們的想法。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“...whoarenotconfidentoftheirabilities.TheyoftenbelievetheyarenotasgoodasthemindsofgiantssuchasAristotle,leadingmanytoacceptcurrentideasinsteadofquestioningthem.”（那些對(duì)自己的能力不自信的后起之秀，他們往往認(rèn)為自己不如亞里士多德等思想巨人，導(dǎo)致許多人接受當(dāng)前的思想，而不是對(duì)其提出質(zhì)疑。）可推知這些新人對(duì)自己能力不自信，因此不敢提出挑戰(zhàn)、質(zhì)疑偉大思想家的思想，最后選擇接受。A.Frighten使害怕；B.Encourage鼓勵(lì)；C.Strengthen增強(qiáng)；D.Disappoint使失望。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，這些信任不敢質(zhì)疑偉大思想家的思想，因此A項(xiàng)Frighten“使害怕”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Questionsarethetoolsofopenminds,andopenmindsarethekeytointellectualadvancement.”（質(zhì)疑是開(kāi)放思想的工具，而開(kāi)放思想是知識(shí)進(jìn)步的關(guān)鍵。）可推知最后一段說(shuō)明了質(zhì)疑是促進(jìn)進(jìn)步的必要條件。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Ilearnedtoquestionmysources,Ilearnedtobeathinker.”（我學(xué)會(huì)了質(zhì)疑我的資料來(lái)源，我學(xué)會(huì)了做一個(gè)思考者。）可知作者決定成為一個(gè)善于思考和質(zhì)疑的人。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Einstein’sOpinionsonCreativeThinking“Thegreatestscientistsareartistsaswell,”saidAlbertEinstein,oneofthegreatestphysicistsandanamateurpianistandviolinist.ForEinstein,insightdidnotcomefromlogicormathematics.____35____“Allgreatachievementsofsciencemuststartfromintuitive(直覺(jué)的)knowledge.Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.”____36____Surprisingly,itwasn’tthecontentofanidea,oritssubject,thatdeterminedwhethersomethingwasartorscience,buthowtheideawasexpressed.Ifwhatisseenandexperiencedisdescribedinthelanguageoflogic,thenitisscience.Ifitiscommunicatedandrecognizedintuitively,thenitisart.____37____That’swhyhesaidthatgreatscientistswerealsoartists.____38____“IfIwerenotaphysicist,”heoncesaid,“Iwouldprobablybeamusician.IoftenthinkinmusicandIseemylifeintermsofmusic.Igetmostjoyinlifeoutofmusic.”MusicprovidedEinsteinwithaconnectionbetweentimeandspace,whichbothcombinespatial(空間的)andstructuralaspects.“Thetheoryofrelativityoccurredtomebyintuitionandmusicisthedrivingforcebehindthisintuition,”saidEinstein.“MyparentshadmestudytheviolinfromthetimeIwassix.____39____”A.ButhowdidartdifferfromscienceforEinstein?B.Instead,itcamefromintrusion(直覺(jué))andinspiration.C.Mynewdiscoveryistheresultofmusicalinsight.D.Thereisnodoubtthatmytheorywasagreatbreakthroughthen.E.Einsteinhimselfworkedintuitivelyandexpressedhimselflogically.F.Einsteinalsoowedhisscientificinsightandintuitionmainlytomusic.G.ForEinstein,itwasthehumanitiesthatmainlycontributedtohisachievements.〖答案〗35.B36.A37.E38.F39.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了愛(ài)因斯坦關(guān)于創(chuàng)造性思維的觀點(diǎn)?！?5題詳析】上文“ForEinstein,insightdidnotcomefromlogicormathematics.(對(duì)愛(ài)因斯坦來(lái)說(shuō)，洞察力并非來(lái)自邏輯或數(shù)學(xué))”并結(jié)合后文““Allgreatachievementsofsciencemuststartfromintuitive(直覺(jué)的)knowledge.Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.”(“一切偉大的科學(xué)成就都必須從直覺(jué)知識(shí)開(kāi)始。想象力比知識(shí)更重要?！?”可知，空處順接前文，說(shuō)明愛(ài)因斯坦認(rèn)為洞察力應(yīng)來(lái)自于直覺(jué)。B項(xiàng)“相反，它來(lái)自直覺(jué)和靈感?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選B?！?6題詳析】下文“Surprisingly,itwasn’tthecontentofanidea,oritssubject,thatdeterminedwhethersomethingwasartorscience,buthowtheideawasexpressed.(令人驚訝的是，決定某件事是藝術(shù)還是科學(xué)的不是一個(gè)想法的內(nèi)容或主題，而是這個(gè)想法是如何表達(dá)的)”說(shuō)明決定某件事是藝術(shù)還是科學(xué)是根據(jù)想法是如何表達(dá)的?？仗幰隽讼挛年P(guān)于藝術(shù)和科學(xué)的區(qū)別的論述。A項(xiàng)中“artdifferfromscience”和下文的“whethersomethingwasartorscience”相呼應(yīng)，而A項(xiàng)的這個(gè)問(wèn)題“但對(duì)愛(ài)因斯坦來(lái)說(shuō)，藝術(shù)和科學(xué)有何不同？”正好引出本段的主題。故選A?！?7題詳析】上文“Ifwhatisseenandexperiencedisdescribedinthelanguageoflogic,thenitisscience.Ifitiscommunicatedandrecognizedintuitively,thenitisart.(如果所看到和經(jīng)歷的是用邏輯的語(yǔ)言描述的，那么這就是科學(xué)。如果它被直觀地傳達(dá)和識(shí)別，那么它就是藝術(shù))”說(shuō)明藝術(shù)和科學(xué)的不同。空處順接上文，和下文形成因果關(guān)系。E項(xiàng)中的“workedintuitivelyandexpressedhimselflogically”和上文“看到和經(jīng)歷的是用邏輯的語(yǔ)言描述的就是科學(xué)，它被直觀地傳達(dá)和識(shí)別，那么它就是藝術(shù)”相呼應(yīng)，表明愛(ài)因斯坦本人憑直覺(jué)工作，用邏輯表達(dá)自己，也是下文他被稱(chēng)為偉大的科學(xué)家也是藝術(shù)家的原因。故選E?！?8題詳析】下文““IfIwerenotaphysicist,”heoncesaid,“Iwouldprobablybeamusician.IoftenthinkinmusicandIseemylifeintermsofmusic.Igetmostjoyinlifeoutofmusic.”(“如果我不是一名物理學(xué)家，”他曾說(shuō)，“我可能會(huì)成為一名音樂(lè)家。我經(jīng)常在音樂(lè)中思考，我從音樂(lè)中看待我的生活。我的生活中最快樂(lè)的部分來(lái)自音樂(lè)?！?”說(shuō)明音樂(lè)對(duì)愛(ài)因斯坦幫助很大。F項(xiàng)“愛(ài)因斯坦的科學(xué)洞察力和直覺(jué)主要?dú)w功于音樂(lè)。”適合做本段的主旨句。故選F?！?9題詳析】上文““Thetheoryofrelativityoccurredtomebyintuitionandmusicisthedrivingforcebehindthisintuition,”saidEinstein.(愛(ài)因斯坦說(shuō)：“相對(duì)論是我憑直覺(jué)產(chǎn)生的，音樂(lè)是這種直覺(jué)背后的驅(qū)動(dòng)力。”)”說(shuō)明音樂(lè)對(duì)他的工作產(chǎn)生的積極影響?？仗幊薪由衔?，說(shuō)明了愛(ài)因斯坦是靠音樂(lè)才有了新發(fā)現(xiàn)，而且和本段音樂(lè)對(duì)他的幫助的主題相符合。C項(xiàng)“我的新發(fā)現(xiàn)是音樂(lè)洞察力的結(jié)果。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。第三部分：書(shū)面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)閱讀下面的短文和問(wèn)題，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在相應(yīng)題號(hào)后的橫線上寫(xiě)下相關(guān)信息，完成對(duì)該問(wèn)題的回答。Studyingabroadhasbecomeanextremelypopularstudyoptionamongstuniversitystudents.Whilestudyingabroadisextremelyexpensive,itexposesstudentstoawiderangeofpeople,culturesandexperiencesthatwillrewardthemlateronintheircareers.Inmyopinion,studentsarefa