2021新高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)作業(yè)14必修3Astronomythescienceofthestars

課時(shí)作業(yè)14Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsⅠ.閱讀理解ATherearesomeplacesonearththathumanssimplycan'treach.MountErebusinAntarcticaisagoodexample.ThegreatvolcanointhecontinentoffersapotentialtreasureofancientDNAinitswalls,butthey'reofflimitstohumans.Ourlungssimplycouldn'thandlethehighlevelsofcarbondioxideinthevolcano.MountErebusandplaceslikeitarewhyNASAisbuildinganice-climbingrobotcalledIceWorm.Whileanorganizationhaddevelopedrock-climbingrobotscalledLEMURs,scientistscouldn'tfindarobotthatcanspecificallytakethechallengeofclimbingthroughice.TheIceWormleaddesigner,AaronCurtis,haswishedtherobotcouldtakethechallenge.IceWormgetsitsnamefromthewayitmovesthroughtheworld.Around1.4meterstall,therobotstandsontheicewithtwofeetthatareequippedwithsensors(傳感器)．TheIceWormhadatestruninapotentiallyexplosivevolcanicenvironment.Curtissays,“Climbingwasunsuccessfulinthethicksnow.Butthetestprovedthatitsspecialdesigncouldmakeitbeveryfittobeintheice.Itclimbedtheiceforaslongasunexpectedeighthours.”Curtisalsosaystherobot“wormedslowlyupthewalllikeaninchworm”andthattheIceWormcontained“awholenewwaytomovearound”forarobot.What'sthepotentialforIceWorm?IfIceWormcouldclimbthroughawidevarietyoficyenvironmentswhiletakingsamples(樣品),itcouldproveaninvaluabletoolofstudybothonearthandinspaceexploration.OnthehomeplanetitcouldexploreareaslikeMountErebus.OnafarawaymissionitcouldclimbthroughthemostfrozenareasofworldslikeEnceladusorEuropa,where50-foot-tallicymountaintopsfrightenmanylanders.“Whileusinganinchwormasinspirationmightbenewforarobot'stravels,animalinspirationforroboticmovementiswidespread.Eventinyanimals,likeinchwormsorfruitflies,cangiveengineerstheideasonleapsforwardinrobotictechnology.Perhapssomedaythemostadvancedrobotswillcatchupwithants，”saysDavidGrossman.本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了一個(gè)幫助人類探索的機(jī)器人。1．WhatdoestheexampleofMountErebusreflect?A．NASA'sbigdiscoveryofsomedangerousplaces.B．Thegreatcivilizationcreatedbyhumans.C．Somevolcanoes'harmtonearbycitizens.D．Thelimitationsofourphysicalabilitytoexploretheworld.答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的Therearesomeplacesonearththathumanssimplycan'treach.和Thegreatvolcano...offlimitstohumans.可知，舉這座火山這個(gè)例子說(shuō)明人類在探索世界時(shí)身體方面的局限性。2．ThetestrunofIceWormshowsthat________.A．itcouldmoveforwardatahighspeedB．itwouldreplaceLEMURssoonerorlaterC．ithadthesensorsenablingittotakeplentyofsamplesD．itcouldhaveagoodperformanceincertaintoughenvironment答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的Butthetestprovedthatitsspecialdesigncouldmakeitbeveryfittobeintheice.Itclimbedtheiceforaslongasunexpectedeighthours.可知，這款冰蟲機(jī)器人能夠很好地在冰面上爬行。3．WhichofthefollowingwouldDavidGrossmanagreewith?A．Thatsomeanimals'characteristicscanpromoterobotictechnology.B．ThatfuturerobotswillprobablymovelikeIceWorm.C．Thatfuturerobotswillhelpinsectssurviveinthebadenvironment.D．ThatIceWorm'sinventionshowshumans'devotiontoenvironmentalprotection.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，DavidGrossman的話說(shuō)明動(dòng)物的有些特點(diǎn)能促進(jìn)機(jī)器人技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。BIntoday'srapidlychangingworkplaceandemerginggigeconomy(零工經(jīng)濟(jì)),eachyearagrowingnumberoftopemployers—fromGoogletoIBM—aredesperatelytryingtoemploygraduatestofillopenpositions.Thoughcollegescontributemillionsofsmartgraduatestothemarketeachyear,employersstillfindithardtorecruitthepersonsmeetingtheirrequirements.AccordingtoarecentBrookings'study,we'refacinganestimated55millionjobopeningsby2020withouttheworkforcetofillthem.Thereisclearlyadisconnectbetweenwhatschoolsareofferingandwhatemployersneed,andtheskillsgapcontinuestogrowasaresult.Tofixthis,schoolsneedtodelivermorecareer(職業(yè))pathwaystomorestudentswiththeaidofnetworktechnology,atanearlierage.Allstudents—whethertheyplantocontinuetheireducationafterhighschoolgraduationornot—shouldbeginexploringpathwaysanddevelopingtheskillsneededforin-demandcareersduringmiddleandhighschool.Alongwiththeexpansionofcareereducationtomorestudents,weneedtoreconsiderhowtodeliveritmostefficientlyandeffectively.Itisnoteconomicallyviable,_ornecessary,tobuildlargetrainingcentersfocusedonspecificcareerpathwaysineachschooldistrict.Instead,wecandevelopanationalinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)atalowerpricethatenableseveryhighschoolstudenttohaveaccesstocareertrainingthroughonlinelearningandlocalorregionaltrainingopportunities.Thankstonewtechnologies,studentsareabletolearntechnicalskillsonline,fromanywhere.Forexample,wecanprovidestudentswithexposuretoindustryexpertsthroughliveteachingsessions,andusevirtualrealitytooffer3-Danatomy(解剖)andphysiologytoolstoaidinhealthcareeducation.Astheworkforcecontinuestodevelop,it'suptoeducatorstopreparestudentsforit.Byapplyingeducationtechnologytoanationalinfrastructure,morestudentswillhaveaheadstarttosucceedinarewardingcareer.Andmoreemployerswillfindemployeeswiththeskillstheyneed.Forthesakeofstudentsandthenationaleconomy,it'stimeforcareereducationtocatchupwiththedemandsoftoday'sworkforce.本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了：為了解決學(xué)校教育與雇主需要之間脫節(jié)的問(wèn)題，學(xué)校應(yīng)該借助互聯(lián)網(wǎng)科技在中學(xué)教育階段擴(kuò)展職業(yè)教育，以滿足日新月異的職場(chǎng)需求。4．Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A．Avarietyofjobshavedisappearedinthebusinessworld.B．Gigeconomyhasbeeanewtrendintoday'sbusiness.C．Graduatesaredesperatelyeagertoworkforbigpanies.D．Schoolsfailtokeeppacewithworkforcedemands.答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的eachyearagrowingnumberoftopemployers...personsmeetingtheirrequirements可知，盡管大學(xué)每年為市場(chǎng)貢獻(xiàn)數(shù)百萬(wàn)畢業(yè)生，雇主們?nèi)噪y以招到符合要求的人，因此第一段描述了“學(xué)校跟不上勞動(dòng)力需求”這一現(xiàn)象。5．Whataretheschoolsadvisedtodoaccordingtothetext?A．Toencouragemorestudentstogotocollege.B．Toimprovestudents'academicperformance.C．Toraisestudents'awarenessofjobsecurity.D．Toexpandcareereducationatsecondaryeducationstage.答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Tofixthis,schoolsneedto...withtheaidofnetworktechnology,atanearlierage及第三段中的Allstudents...forin-demandcareersduringmiddleandhighschool可知，學(xué)校應(yīng)該在中學(xué)教育階段擴(kuò)展職業(yè)教育。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“viable”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Reliable. B．Practicable.C．Profitable. D．parable.答案：B解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中的Instead,wecandevelopanationalinfrastructureatalowerpricethatenables...可知，相對(duì)于成本較低的在線學(xué)習(xí)而言，作者認(rèn)為建造培訓(xùn)中心，經(jīng)濟(jì)上不可行且沒(méi)有必要。7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NationalInfrastructureVitaltoEconomicGrowthB．OnlineLearningAcademicallyBeneficialtoStudentsC．EducationTechnologyKeytoCareerReadinessD．CollegeEducationFundamentaltoSuccess答案：C解析：主旨大意題。綜合全文，尤其是最后一段中的Byapplyingeducationtechnologyto...employeeswiththeskillstheyneed可知，文章主要論述了教育科技在中學(xué)教育階段的職業(yè)教育的必要性，其是學(xué)生職業(yè)準(zhǔn)備的關(guān)鍵。Ⅱ.七選五AfterIpletedmyhighschool,IwantedtotakeayearoffasIwasn'tsureifIreallywantedtogotouniversityandwhichmajortochoose.__1__IsignedupforRaleighInternationalExpeditionandvolunteeredinthevillageofIhanuinTanzania,whereourteamworkedonenvironmentprojects.InIhanu,ourgoalwastobuildatreenursery.__2__Wetooklocalchildrentotheprojectbase,aswellasbuildinganadditionalnurseryatthevillageschool.Thiswasreallyimportantbecauseitwillbethesechildrenwhocontinuetotakecareofthenurseryin10to15years.Iwasexcitedtomeetpeoplethathadthesameinterestsasmeininternationaldevelopmentandbeingpassionate(有激情的)aboutcreatinglastingchangeinasustainable(可持續(xù)發(fā)展的)manner.ThroughtheprojectinTanzania,Ibuiltupanumberofvaluablepersonalandprofessionalskills.__3__I'vedefinitelyformeda“cando”attitude.__4__Icansaynothingseemstoobigformenow.Meanwhile,gettingonwiththingsandbeingreallyhelpfulandseeingwherehelpisneededmademefeelquitegood.__5__IfI'dtravelledbymyself,therewouldhavebeennowayformetobeapartofthemunity.Byactuallylivingwithlocalpeople,Ilearnedtheirwaysoflifeandgainedabetterunderstandingofhowtheythinkaboutthings.A．Beforethis,IthoughtIknewalotabouttheworld.B．ButnowIknowthisisthebestthingIcouldhavedone.C．Wehopeitcanhelpteachpeopletheimportanceoftrees.D．SoIdecidedtotakeayeartoexperienceotherthingsbeforeuniversity.E．Tobespecific,theprojectpushedmetouseallmystrengthtobehelpful.F．Besides,Idevelopedastrongersenseofdirectionformyfutureoccupation.G．Thevolunteeringprojectgavemeachancetogetintotheheartofthelocalsociety.本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要敘述了作者參加羅利國(guó)際考察團(tuán)并在坦桑尼亞的一個(gè)村莊做志愿者的經(jīng)歷。1．D解析：此空設(shè)于段中，與上文內(nèi)容存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系，根據(jù)上下文可知，作者在高中畢業(yè)后不確定自己是否真正地想上大學(xué)并且選擇哪一門專業(yè)，因此決定在上大學(xué)之前用一年的時(shí)間來(lái)體驗(yàn)其他事情。2．C解析：此空設(shè)于段中，與上文內(nèi)容存在邏輯上的指代關(guān)系，即it指的是上文的atreenursery。3．F解析：此空設(shè)于段尾，與上文內(nèi)容存在邏輯上的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，根據(jù)上下文可知，通過(guò)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，作者也對(duì)自己未來(lái)的職業(yè)有了更強(qiáng)的方向感。4．E解析：此空設(shè)于段中，與上文內(nèi)容存在邏輯上的解釋關(guān)系，根據(jù)上下文可知，作者已然形成了一種“能做”的態(tài)度，具體而言，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目促使作者竭盡全力地幫助別人。5．G解析：此空設(shè)于段首，是本段的主題句。本段主要在講這項(xiàng)志愿項(xiàng)目使得作者更好地了解當(dāng)?shù)厝说纳罘绞郊八麄內(nèi)绾慰紤]事物。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空Oscar-winningBaoisaboutamomwhothinksadumplingisherbaby.Disney-Pixar'sBao,__1__(direct)byChinese-Canadiananimator(動(dòng)畫片制作者)DomeeShi,justtookhometheOscarforBestAnimatedShortFilm.Pixardescribestheeight-minutefilmlikethis：“AnagingChinesemom__2__(suffer)fromempty-nestsyndrome(綜合癥狀)getsanotherchanceatmotherhoodwhenoneofherdumplingsspringstolife__3__alivelyandlovelydumplingboy.”ThefilmtalksalotaboutChineseculture.Italsospeakstothe__4__(universe)experienceofbeingamom.I__5__(full)understandthemominthefilmbecauseoftheageofmychildren,bothof__6__arenow18