廣東省廣州市越秀區(qū)2023-2024學年高二上學期期末考試英語試卷【含答案解析】

2023學年第一學期學業(yè)水平調研測試高二年級英語試卷本試卷共10頁，滿分120分。建議考試用時120分鐘。注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號、試室號、座位號填寫在答題卡上，并用2B鉛筆填涂答題卡上的相應位置。因筆試不考聽力，選擇題從第二部分的“閱讀”開始，試題序號從“21”開始。2.作答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目選項的答案信息點涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內的相應位置上;如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新答案;不準使用鉛筆、圓珠筆或涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔;考試結束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ARomanticSpasSpasarealwaysconsideredtobegoodforyourhealth.Whenyouplantofindonetorefreshyourself,nodoubt,thefollowingmustbethetoponyourlist.CorranResortandSpa,WalesAsyoufloatinthelarge,bluepool,headtippedbacktolookatthestar-likelightsabove,thatamazingmomentwillsinkinatthiscountrygetaway.It’samustforhistoryloverstoo,asthe16thcenturybuildingattheheartofthehotelhasbeenexpertlyrestoredandissurroundedbybeautifulscenery.ThefocusattheCorranSpaisonaromatherapy(芳香療法).PennyhillHotel,SurreyWithbothindoorandoutdoorpools,visitorshavealotofchoiceswhenitcomestotakingaswim,andtheicecaveandballroompoolwithunderwatermusickeepthingsexciting.Fromtheoutside,the19thcenturyhouselooksmorelikesomethingfromaclassicnovel.Withbeautifulsurroundinggardens,takingawalkcouldprovejustasrelaxingasthespaexperienceitself.ThenearbyMichelinstarrestaurant,Latymer,addsfinediningtoadayofromance,butbesuretobookinadvance;it’sapopularspot.SpaThemes,MachesterSpaThemesisgreatforthoseseekingaweekendfocusedonprivacy.Itisknownforitsdiversethemedspassoit’salsoidealifyou’relookingforachangefromthemoretraditionalspas.YoucouldsampletheWillyWonkaChocolate-themedspa.whichincludesachocolatechipbodytreatmentalongsideahostofsweettreats,orescapetheFebruarycoldwithParadiseBeachpackage,whichwillhaveyourelaxinginasteamroomfullofpinacoladasmell.1.WhatwouldsurpriseyouatCorranResportandSpa?A.Thebreathtakingscenery. B.The16thcenturybuilding.C.TheMichelinstarhotel. D.Thestar-likelightsabovethepool.2.WhatdoPennyhillHotelandSpaThemesshareincommon?A.Variousspas. B.Outdoorpools. C.Historicrooms. D.Finefoods.3.Inwhichpartofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Literature. B.Fitness. C.Leisure. D.Education.【答案】1.A2.A3.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹三處浪漫的礦泉療養(yǎng)地?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由CorranResortandSpa,Wales中“Asyoufloatinthelarge,bluepool,headtippedbacktolookatthestar-likelightsabove,thatamazingmomentwillsinkinatthiscountrygetaway.(當你漂浮在藍色的大水池中，頭向后仰，看著上面星星般的燈光時，在這個鄉(xiāng)村度假勝地，這一令人驚嘆的時刻會慢慢消失。)”可知，在CorranResortandSpa，令人嘆為觀止的景色能讓游客吃驚。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由PennyhillHotel,Surrey中“Withbothindoorandoutdoorpools,visitorshavealotofchoiceswhenitcomestotakingaswim,andtheicecaveandballroompoolwithunderwatermusickeepthingsexciting.(有室內和室外游泳池，游客在游泳方面有很多選擇，冰洞和配有水下音樂的舞廳游泳池讓人興奮不已。)”以及SpaThemes,Machester中“SpaThemesisgreatforthoseseekingaweekendfocusedonprivacy.Itisknownforitsdiversethemedspassoit’salsoidealifyou’relookingforachangefromthemoretraditionalspas.(水療主題非常適合那些尋求周末專注于隱私的人。它以其多樣化的主題水療中心而聞名，因此如果你想從更傳統(tǒng)的水療中心中有所改變，它也是理想的選擇。)”可知，這兩處都有不同的各種水療方式。故選A項。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Spasarealwaysconsideredtobegoodforyourhealth.Whenyouplantofindonetorefreshyourself,nodoubt,thefollowingmustbethetoponyourlist.(spa總是被認為對你的健康有益。毫無疑問，當你計劃找一個來提神的時候，以下一定是你清單上的首要內容。)”以及下文可知，文章主要介紹三處浪漫的礦泉療養(yǎng)地。所以應該出現(xiàn)在報紙“休閑”類版塊。故選C項。BLikemanygreatideas,Mikestartedsmall.In2014,afriendinspiredhimtoperformanactofkindnessasasocialmediachallenge.Mikedecidedtochoosethe79-year-oldseniornamedJennifer,whonotonlydroppedoffbakedgoodsfortheneighborsbutalsovolunteeredatthehomelessshelter.ToknowJenniferbetter,Mikeaskedtospendadaywithher.“Itwasthefirsttimethatsomeonehadmadeadayabouther,”saysthe30-year-old.TheirsharedexperiencegotMikethinking:howmanyotherseniorsmightbenefitfromthatkindofattention?Atthetime,Cara,astudentintheircommunity,wasequallyinterestedinthisquestion,andthepaircameupwithaplan:theywouldfindlocalseniorswithlong-timedreamsandworktofulfillthosewishes.Theyevensettledonanamefortheirnewcharity:WeAreYoung,orWAYforshort.Ithassincedeliveredon38dreams—rangingfromahelicoptertriptowatchingafootballgame.Seniorscannominate(提名)themselvesorbenominatedbysomeoneelse.Melanienominatedherpartner,78-year-oldVictor,togorockhounding-ahobbyhe’dgivenupwhenhebecamephysicallydifficult.TheteamatWAYborrowedaboatsotheycouldreachthebeachandenjoythedaythere.“Ifyoulosethesenseofpurposethathavingapassioncangiveyou,yourself-confidencegoesdown,”saysMike.“Now,Victorhasretrievedsomeofhisself-confidence.Wewanttoshowthatanythingispossiblewiththesupportofothers.”Whiletheirorganizationoperatesonlyintheirneighborhood,MikeandCarahavetheirowndreams.EachWAYwishisrecorded,andthat’spurposeful—thepairwantpeoplewatchingtobeencouragedtofulfillawishforaseniorintheirowncommunity.“Wewanttocreateanationwidemovementthatshiftshowweview,valueandsupportseniors,”saysMike.“Thatistheimpactwe’retryingtocreate.”4.WhydidMikechooseJennifertoperformactsofkindness?A.Shelivedaloneandcouldhardlycook. B.Shehaddifficultyinusingsocialmedia.C.Shewasalwaysfriendlytotheneighbors. D.Shewassenttothehomelessshelterrecently.5.WhichofthefollowingcitizenswouldprobablybenefitfromWAY?A.Acharitymemberplanningtocollectbirthdaywishes.B.Anelderlyhopingtorevisithisbirthplaceforalongtime.C.AseniorhighstudentlookingforwardtoatriptoEngland.D.Acaretakerinthenursinghomeexpectingabunchofflowers.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retrieved”inparagraph6probablymean?A.regained B.reserved C.remembered D.resolved7.Whatisthepair’spurposeofrecordingtheWAYwishes?A.Tokeeptrackofthewholeprocess. B.Toinspiremoreviewerstotakeaction.C.Toinvitemoreelderlytoparticipatein. D.Togiveencouragementtothoseinneed.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了慈善組織WAY致力于幫助老年人實現(xiàn)心愿?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Mikedecidedtochoosethe79-year-oldseniornamedJennifer,whonotonlydroppedoffbakedgoodsfortheneighborsbutalsovolunteeredatthehomelessshelter.(邁克決定選擇79歲的老人詹妮弗，她不僅給鄰居們送烘焙食品，還在無家可歸者收容所做志愿者。)”可知，邁克選擇詹妮弗去做善事是因為她對鄰居總是很友好。故選C。【5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Atthetime,Cara,astudentintheircommunity,wasequallyinterestedinthisquestion,andthepaircameupwithaplan:theywouldfindlocalseniorswithlong-timedreamsandworktofulfillthosewishes.(當時，他們社區(qū)的學生卡拉對這個問題同樣感興趣，于是兩人想出了一個計劃：他們會找到當?shù)赜虚L期夢想的老年人，并努力實現(xiàn)這些愿望。)”可知，B選項“一位老人長期以來一直希望重游他的出生地?！笨赡軙腤AY中受益。故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞上文“Ifyoulosethesenseofpurposethathavingapassioncangiveyou,yourself-confidencegoesdown(如果你失去了激情帶給你的目標感，你的自信就會下降)”以及后文“Wewanttoshowthatanythingispossiblewiththesupportofothers.(我們想表明，在他人的支持下，一切皆有可能。)”可知，維克多在他人的支持下，恢復了一些自信。故劃線詞意思是“恢復”。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“EachWAYwishisrecorded,andthat’spurposeful—thepairwantpeoplewatchingtobeencouragedtofulfillawishforaseniorintheirowncommunity.(每一個愿望都被記錄下來，這是有目的的——兩人希望觀看的人被鼓勵為他們自己社區(qū)的老年人實現(xiàn)一個愿望。)”可推知，兩人記錄WAY愿望的目的是激勵更多的觀眾采取行動。故選B。CGrowinguponafarminVirginiaduringracialsegregation(種族隔離),Westkneweducationwouldbehermeansofescape.Butshedidn’tknowherquietworkwouldchangelivesaroundtheworld.GladysWestknewfromayoungagethatshedidn’twanttobeafarmer.Butthemathematician,bornin1930inacounty,stillhadtohelpharvestcropsonherfamily’ssmallfarm.Thehardworkstartedbeforedaybreakandlastedwellintotheblisteringheatoftheafternoon.Shehatedthedirtbut,whilesheworked,shekepthermindonthebuildingbehindthetreesattheendofthefarm.Itwasherschool,andeventhensheknewitwouldbehertickettofreedom.“IwasgonnagetaneducationandIwasgoingtogetoutofthere.Iwasn’tgoingtobestuckthereallmylife,”West,89,saysfirmly.GladysWestbeganhercareerasamathematicianin1956inalabwheretherewereonlythreeotherblackemployeeswhenshejoined.Shewaswidelyadmiredforherabilitytosolvecomplexmathematicalproblemsbyhand.Sheeventuallywentontoprogramcomputerstosolvetheequations(等式)forher.HerfirstmajorprojectwastodeterminethemovementsofNeptuneandPlutoinrelationtoeachother.In1978,GladysbecametheProjectManagerofSeaSat,ansurveillance(監(jiān)控)satellitedesignedtoprovidedataonoceanographicfeaturesandconditions.Theprojectwasamongthefirsttoshowthatsatellitescanbeusedtoobserveoceanographicdata.Byprogrammingacomputertoaccountfortides,gravity,andotherfactors,Gladysandherteamcreatedaprogramtopreciselycalculatetheorbitofsatellites.Herworkonthisprojectmadeitpossibletodevelopageoid,whichisamodeloftheshapeoftheEarth.ThemodelanditslaterupdatesledtoherdevelopingtheGPSsystem,whichcanmakeaccuratecalculationsinanylocationonEarth.Finallyin2018,throughhertirelessefforts,GladysWestreceivedformalrecognitionforherworkontheGPS.HernamealsogotfeaturedontheBBC’s100Womenof2018,whichhonoredinspiringwomenfromaroundtheglobe.8.Whatcanwelearninparagraph2?A.Gladysbecameamathematicianwhenworkingasafarmer.B.Gladyshadtoraiseherfamilybyworkinghardonthefarm.C.Gladyswaseagertogetoutofthepoorsituationforfreedom.D.Gladyscouldnotpayforschooleducationwhenshewasyoung.9.WhatdirectlycontributedtothedevelopmentoftheGPSsystem?A.Theorbitofthesatellites. B.Themovementsoftheplanets.C.Anequation. D.ThemodelofEarthshape.10.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeGladysWest?A.Helpfulandeasygoing. B.Determinedandcompetent.C.Devotedandconsiderate. D.Optimisticandthankful.11.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowtoEscapefromPovertyB.HowtoBecomeaMathematicianC.GladysWest:theHiddenFigureWhoHelpedInventedGPSD.GladysWest:AGirlWhoStruggledtoRealizeHerDreams【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹黑人女數(shù)學家GladysWest以及她對GPS系統(tǒng)的貢獻?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Itwasherschool,andeventhensheknewitwouldbehertickettofreedom.‘IwasgonnagetaneducationandIwasgoingtogetoutofthere.Iwasn’tgoingtobestuckthereallmylife,’West,89,saysfirmly.(這是她的學校，即使在那時，她也知道這將是她獲得自由的門票?！乙邮芙逃乙x開那里。我不會一輩子都被困在那里，’89歲的West堅定地說。)”可知，Gladys渴望擺脫困境，獲得自由。故選C項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“Herworkonthisprojectmadeitpossibletodevelopageoid,whichisamodeloftheshapeoftheEarth.ThemodelanditslaterupdatesledtoherdevelopingtheGPSsystem,whichcanmakeaccuratecalculationsinanylocationonEarth.(她在這個項目上的工作使開發(fā)大地水準面成為可能，這是地球形狀的模型。該模型及其后來的更新使她開發(fā)了GPS系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)可以在地球上的任何位置進行準確的計算。)”可知，地球形狀模型直接促進了全球定位系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展。故選D項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Itwasherschool,andeventhensheknewitwouldbehertickettofreedom.‘IwasgonnagetaneducationandIwasgoingtogetoutofthere.Iwasn’tgoingtobestuckthereallmylife,’West,89,saysfirmly.(這是她的學校，即使在那時，她也知道這將是她獲得自由的門票?！乙邮芙逃乙x開那里。我不會一輩子都被困在那里，’89歲的West堅定地說。)”以及文章最后一段“Finallyin2018,throughhertirelessefforts,GladysWestreceivedformalrecognitionforherworkontheGPS.HernamealsogotfeaturedontheBBC’s100Womenof2018,whichhonoredinspiringwomenfromaroundtheglobe.(終于在2018年，通過不懈的努力，GladysWest在全球定位系統(tǒng)方面的工作獲得了正式認可。她的名字也出現(xiàn)在英國廣播公司的‘2018年100位女性’節(jié)目中，該節(jié)目向來自全球的鼓舞人心的女性致敬。)”可知，GladysWest是一位意志堅定且能力強的人。故選B項。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章最后一段“Finallyin2018,throughhertirelessefforts,GladysWestreceivedformalrecognitionforherworkontheGPS.HernamealsogotfeaturedontheBBC’s100Womenof2018,whichhonoredinspiringwomenfromaroundtheglobe.(終于在2018年，通過不懈的努力，GladysWest在全球定位系統(tǒng)方面的工作獲得了正式認可。她的名字也出現(xiàn)在英國廣播公司的‘2018年100位女性’節(jié)目中，該節(jié)目向來自全球的鼓舞人心的女性致敬。)”以及上文可知，文章主要介紹黑人女數(shù)學家GladysWest以及她對GPS系統(tǒng)的貢獻，所以C項GladysWest:theHiddenFigureWhoHelpedInventedGPS(GladysWest：幫助發(fā)明GPS的隱藏人物)符合文意。故選C項。DDoyouspeakaChinesedialectinyourdailylife?WhileMandariniswidelyspokenbypeopleacrossChina,somelocaldialectsareindangerofdyingout.Tosavethem,theMinistryofEducationandtheStateLanguageCommissionlaunchedtheChineseLanguageResourcesProtectionProjectCLRPPyearsago.Thisproject,whichsurveyedthelanguageresourcesof1,712locationsincluding103withendangeredChinesedialects,hashelpedChinasuccessfullybuildthelargestlanguageresourcelibraryintheworld.Theonlinelibrarynotonlymeetstheneedsofprofessionalresearchersbutalsoenablesthepublictoaccessover5.6millionaudiofilesandover5millionvideofilesfortheirdialectlearning.Whenitcomestothereason,Dr.Zhang,chiefexpertonCLRPP,onceexpressedhisconcernsinanarticle.“Foraboutoveradecade,inWudialectareas,childrenaged6to15canunderstandbuthardlyspeakthedialect.Youngpeopleabove15yearsoldsometimesspeakit,butnotfluently,Zhangsaid.“Ifthiscontinues,dialectswilldisappearinafewdecades.Whenlocaldialectsdisappear,wherewillournostalgic(懷舊的)feelingsfindtheirhome?”AsChinaisavastcountrywithawidevarietyofdialects,nationaleffortshavebeenmadetoestablishalanguageresourcelibrary.“Mostinternationallanguageprotectionprojectsareimplementedbyseparateefforts.ButinChina,it’sanationalproject,”saidZhang.Withinfiveyears,morethan350universitiesandresearchinstitutionstookpartintheproject,withover4,500professionaltechniciansandmorethan6,000languagedialectspeakersinvolved.Languageprotectionnotonlyreliesonthegovernmentandexpertsbutalsoontheinvolvementofbillionsoflanguageusers.Theprojectsupportsschoolstosetupsomeextracurricularclassessostudentscanlearndialectsandlocaloperaperformances.Currently,thesecondstageoftheprojectisunderway.Itsmaintasksincludethedeeperdevelopmentofdigitalapplications,suchasdigitalandmobiledictionariesfordialectsaswellasmultilingualtextbooks.12.WhatdoweknowaboutCLRPP?AIthasprovidedalargenumberofaudioandvideofilesforresearchers.B.Ithassavedatleast103endangeredChinesedialectsfrom1,712locations.C.Ithasplayedavitalroleinsettingupanonlinelibraryfordialectlearning.D.Ithasmadeacollectionofalltheendangereddialectsindifferentlocations.13.WhatcanweinferfromDr.Zhang’swords?A.YoungchildreninWuareacannomorespeakthedialect.B.Nativeshaveurgentdesiretosavethedialectsinthefuture.C.Thefluencyoflocaldialectsraisedmuchconcernnationwide.D.Peoplemayloseasenseofbelongingaslocaldialectsdieout.14.WhatdiffersChinawithothercountriesinlanguageprotection?A.OnlyChinahaslibrariesforprotectionoflanguageresource.B.Chinesegovernmenthasinvestedmoreonlanguageprotection.C.Chinaishometomoretypesofdialectsthanothercountriesdo.D.PeopleinChinamadejointeffortstoprotecttheirlocaldialects.15.Whichishelpfultolanguageprotection?A.Promotionoflocaloperaperformances.BMobiledictionariesforChineselearning.C.Furtherexplorationofexistingtextbooks.D.Extracurricularclassesofdigitaldevelopment.【答案】12.C13.D14.D15.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了中國語言資源保護工程CLRPP在保護中國方言方面做出的重要努力?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段“Thisproject,whichsurveyedthelanguageresourcesof1,712locationsincluding103withendangeredChinesedialects,hashelpedChinasuccessfullybuildthelargestlanguageresourcelibraryintheworld.Theonlinelibrarynotonlymeetstheneedsofprofessionalresearchersbutalsoenablesthepublictoaccessover5.6millionaudiofilesandover5millionvideofilesfortheirdialectlearning.(該工程調查了1712個地區(qū)的語言資源，其中包括103個瀕危漢語方言，幫助中國成功建立了世界上最大的語言資源圖書館。該在線圖書館不僅滿足了專業(yè)研究人員的需求，還使公眾能夠訪問560多萬個音頻文件和500多萬個視頻文件，用于方言學習。)”可知，該工程幫助建立了世界上最大的語言資源圖書館，不僅可以滿足專業(yè)研究人員的需求，還使公眾能夠利用音頻和視頻文件學習方言。由此可推測出，它在建立用于方言學習的在線圖書館方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段中Dr.Zhang的話“Whenlocaldialectsdisappear,wherewillournostalgic(懷舊的)feelingsfindtheirhome?(當?shù)胤椒窖韵r，我們的懷舊之情將在哪里找到歸宿？)”可知，張博士認為方言的消失會讓人們的懷舊之情難以找到歸宿，由此可推測出，當方言消失時，人們可能失去歸屬感。故選D。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“AsChinaisavastcountrywithawidevarietyofdialects,nationaleffortshavebeenmadetoestablishalanguageresourcelibrary.‘Mostinternationallanguageprotectionprojectsareimplementedbyseparateefforts.ButinChina,it’sanationalproject,’saidZhang.(由于中國幅員遼闊，方言種類繁多，全國都在努力建立語言資源庫。張說：‘大多數(shù)國際語言保護項目都是單獨實施的。但在中國，這是一個國家項目?！?”可知，其他國家的語言保護項目都是單獨實施的，但中國，保護語言是一個國家項目，全國都貢獻了努力。由此可推測出，中國和其他國家在語言保護方面的不同之處在于中國人民共同努力保護方言。故選D。【15題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段中的“Theprojectsupportsschoolstosetupsomeextracurricularclassessostudentscanlearndialectsandlocaloperaperformances.(該項目支持學校開設一些課外班，讓學生學習方言和當?shù)貞蚯硌荨?”可知，開設課外班促進學生學習當?shù)貞蚯硌萦兄谡Z言保護。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Criticalthinkingcanbedescribedasdisciplinedthinkingthatisclear,rational,open-minded,andinformedbyevidence.Whilethatseemstodescribetheabilityofmanyprofessionals,someleadersinorganizationstodayhaveastrongfeelingthatthisabilityisfading.___16___Beacontinuouslearner.Learnershaveanaturalsenseofcuriosityabouttheworldandtheirprofession.Theyreadandtalktopeople.___17___Thiscancomefromreading,talkingtosubjectmatterexperts,listeningtolecturesonline,orattendingconferences.Themoretheyknow,themoreevidencetheyhavetoconsiderwhenmakingadecision.Maketherightdecisionforthemajority.Criticalthinkersputtheiregosasideandthinkaboutwhatisbestfortheoverallorganization.___18___However,theirgoalisseekingtounderstandandthenmakingaclearandrationaldecisionthatisbestforthemajority.Listenandconsiderunconventionalopinions.___19___Theydon’tlikethephrase“thatisthewaywehavealwaysdoneit.”Theyalsoseethatcollaborationwiththeirteam,theirprofession,andsometimestheircompetitorswillbringaboutthebestsolutions,andtheyareOKwiththat.___20___Criticalthinkersdevelopaskillforexplainingtootherswhytheycametoaspecificconclusion.Otherscanfollowtheirreasoningandcanunderstandtheirthinking.Theyarewillingtochangetheirviewswhentheyareprovidedwithmoreinformationthatallowsgreaterunderstanding.A.Analyzeoneself.B.Avoidmisunderstanding.C.Maybethatisnotthebestsolutionfortheindividual.D.Basically,theyeducatethemselveswithoutbeingtoldto.E.Criticalthinkershaveatendencytoseekoutnewsolutionstooldproblems.F.Criticalthinkerswillavoidthetrapoftoomuchinformationfordecision-making.G.Herearestrategiesthatwillhelpyouandyourteamgrowcriticalthinkingskills.【答案】16.G17.D18.C19.E20.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了培養(yǎng)批判性思考技能的方法?！?6題詳解】前文“Whilethatseemstodescribetheabilityofmanyprofessionals,someleadersinorganizationstodayhaveastrongfeelingthatthisabilityisfading.(雖然這似乎描述了許多專業(yè)人士的能力，但今天組織中的一些領導人強烈感覺到這種能力正在消退。)”講述了批判性思考的能力正在衰退，再結合下文分段講述的建議可知，空處應用承上啟下，指出接下來有幫助培養(yǎng)批判性思考技能的策略，G項“以下策略將幫助你和你的團隊培養(yǎng)批判性思維技能。”符合題意。故選G?！?7題詳解】本段首句“Beacontinuouslearner.(做一個不斷學習的人。)”是主旨句，本段主要講述的是要不斷學習。空處應和學習有關，D項“基本上，他們不用吩咐就會自我教育。”符合題意，下文中的This指代空處的內容。故選D?！?8題詳解】前文“Criticalthinkersputtheiregosasideandthinkaboutwhatisbestfortheoverallorganization.(批判性思考者把自我放在一邊，思考什么對整個組織最有利。)”講述了進行批判性思考的人會把注意集中在整個組織上，而不是個人上，后文“However,theirgoalisseekingtounderstandandthenmakingaclearandrationaldecisionthatisbestforthemajority.(然而，他們的目標是尋求理解，然后做出對大多數(shù)人最有利的清晰合理的決定。)”中的However表明空處與后文是轉折關系，后文講述了他們的目標是做出對大多數(shù)人最有利的決定，由此可知，空處應講述對整個組織最有利的事情對個人來說不是最好的，C項“也許這對個人來說不是最好的解決方案?！狈项}意。故選C。【19題詳解】空前的“Listenandconsiderunconventionalopinions.(傾聽并考慮非傳統(tǒng)觀點。)”是本段主旨句，建議要傾聽并考慮非傳統(tǒng)觀點，所以空處應講述的是進行批判性思考的人會尋找新的方法，E項“批判性思考者傾向于為舊問題尋找新的解決方案?！狈项}意。故選E?！?0題詳解】空處是本段主旨句，且應用祈使句。根據后文中的“Criticalthinkersdevelopaskillforexplainingtootherswhytheycametoaspecificconclusion.Otherscanfollowtheirreasoningandcanunderstandtheirthinking.(批判性思考者培養(yǎng)了向他人解釋他們?yōu)槭裁磿贸鎏囟ńY論的技能。其他人可以遵循他們的推理，理解他們的想法。)”可知，本段主要講述了批判性思考者會向他人解析自己推理的過程，讓別人理解自己，所以A項“分析自己。”符合題意。故選A。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Thesnowstormsweptacrossmycity,withbitingwindpiercing(劃破)thesilenceoftheemptystreet.Iwasanurseintheemergencyroom.Itwasa(n)___21___quietdayonNewYear’sEve.Quiet,thatis,___22___thenurseswhowerestandingaroundthenurses’station___23___abouthavingtoworkatsuchaspecialtime.Iwashavingacupofhotteainthenurse’sstationwhenanadmittingclerkcameandtoldmeIhadfivepatientswaitingtobeevaluated.SoIwentstraightoutandcalledthefirstname.Fivebodies___24___atmytriagedesk(分診臺),apalelittlewomanandfoursmallchildreninsomewhat___25___clothing.“Areyouallsick?”Iasked___26___.“Yes,”shesaidweakly.“Okay,”Ireplied,unconvinced,“Who’sfirst?”O(jiān)nebyonetheysatdown,andIaskedtheusualquestions.Whenitcametodescriptionsoftheirpresentingproblems,thingsgotalittle___27___.Somethingwaswrongwiththepicture.WhenIexplainedthatitmightbealittlewhilebeforethedoctorcouldseethem,themotherresponded,“___28___.It’swarminhere.”Sheturnedand,withasmile,guidedherchildrenintothewaitingroom.Icheckedtheregistration.Noaddress.Iwentbacktothenurse’sstationandmentionedwehada___29___familyinthewaitingroom.Theteamwentintoaction.Weprepareda___30___forourspecialguests.Weputtogethercandies,fruitsandotherthingsavailablefromdifferentdepartments.___31___inandout,ourteammadegreateffortstomakeapartyto___32___thefamilywhojustwantedtobewarmonNewYear’sEve.Whenthepartyended,asthefamilywalkedtothedoortoleave,themothercamerunningback,gavemea___33___andwhispered,“Thanksforyour___34___today.”Assheranback,theyallwavedonemoretimebeforethedoorclosed.Insidethenursestation,therestoodagroupofnurseswithtearsintheireyes.Muchaswedidwhenthere’samedical___35___,thiswasaspecialoneonNewYear’sEve.21.A.commonly B.unusually C.annoyingly D.peacefully22.A.exceptfor B.togetherwith C.dueto D.ratherthan23.A.arranging B.arguing C.complaining D.inquiring24.A.turnedaround B.turnedup C.turnedout D.turnedover25.A.clean B.wornout C.colorful D.funny26.A.sympathetically B.anxiously C.doubtfully D.softly27.A.obvious B.unclear C.depressing D.severe28.A.Thankyou B.Hurryup C.Takeyourtime D.Holdon29.A.homeless B.hopeless C.aimless D.careless30.A.room B.meeting C.blanket D.feast31.A.Passing B.Rushing C.Calling D.Breaking32.A.comfort B.welcome C.reward D.know33.A.hand B.gift C.hug D.note34.A.reaction B.donation C.treatment D.kindness35.A.operation B.emergency C.supply D.team【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.B25.B26.C27.B28.C29.A30.D31.B32.B33.C34.D35.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹作者在醫(yī)院陪伴無家可歸的一家五口過除夕的故事。【21題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：除夕那天異常安靜。A.commonly通常地；B.unusually異常地；C.annoyingly令人惱火地；D.peacefully和平地。由上文“theemptystreet”以及下文“NewYear’sEve”可知，今天過節(jié)，醫(yī)院里并不忙，所以是“異常地”安靜。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查介詞詞組辨析。句意：安靜，的確是，除了那些站在護士站周圍抱怨在這樣一個特殊的時間不得不工作的護士。A.exceptfor除了；B.togetherwith與...一起；C.dueto由于；D.ratherthan而不是。由下文“thenurseswhowerestandingaroundthenurses’station”可知，這里指“除了”護士值班，就沒有什么病人，所以很安靜。故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：安靜，的確是，除了那些站在護士站周圍抱怨在這樣一個特殊的時間不得不工作的護士。A.arranging安排；B.arguing爭論；C.complaining 抱怨；D.inquiring詢問。由下文“havingtoworkatsuchaspecialtime”可知，這里指護士“抱怨”除夕還要上班。故選C項。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：五個人出現(xiàn)在我的分診臺上，一個臉色蒼白的小女人和四個穿著破舊衣服的小孩。A.turnedaround轉身；B.turnedup出現(xiàn)；C.turnedout結果是；D.turnedover翻轉。由下文“apalelittlewomanandfoursmallchildren”可知，這里指五個人“出現(xiàn)”在分診臺。故選B項?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：五個人出現(xiàn)在我的分診臺上，一個臉色蒼白的小女人和四個穿著破舊衣服的小孩。A.clean干凈的；B.wornout穿舊的；C.colorful彩色的；D.funny有趣的。由上文“apalelittlewoman”以及下文“Noaddress”可知，他們無家可歸，所以孩子應該是穿著“舊的”衣服。故選B項?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：“你們都病了嗎？”我懷疑地問道。A.sympathetically同情地；B.anxiously焦急地；C.doubtfully懷疑地；D.softly柔軟地。由上文“calledthefirstname”以及“apalelittlewomanandfoursmallchildren”可知，作者這里對一家五人都生病而感覺“懷疑”不信。故選C項?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當談到對他們表現(xiàn)問題的描述時，事情變得有點不清楚。A.obvious明顯的；B.unclear不清楚的；C.depressing令人沮喪的；D.severe嚴峻的。由下文“Somethingwaswrongwiththepicture”可知，作者認為當時的狀況有問題，所以應該是對他們對自己病情的描述“不清楚”。故選B項?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：慢慢來。這里很暖和。A.Thankyou謝謝；B.Hurryup快；C.Takeyourtime慢慢來；D.Holdon等待，堅持。由上文“itmightbealittlewhilebeforethedoctorcouldseethem”可知，這里指孩子母親應說道“不急，慢慢來”。故選C項?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我回到護士站，提到候診室里有一個無家可歸的家庭。A.homeless無家可歸的；B.hopeless無望的；C.aimless漫無目的的；D.careless不小心的。由上文“Noaddress”可知，作者意識到他們是“無家可歸的”。故選A項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們?yōu)槲覀兊奶厥饪腿藴蕚淞艘粓鍪⒀?。A.room房間；B.meeting會議；C.blanket毯子；D.feast盛宴。由下文“Weputtogethercandies,fruitsandotherthings”以及party可知，這里指護士們?yōu)檫@一家人準備了“盛宴”。故選D項。【31題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的團隊匆匆忙忙地進進出出，努力組織一個聚會來歡迎這個只想在除夕夜感到溫暖的家庭。A.Passing通過；B.Rushing匆匆忙忙；C.Calling呼叫；D.Breaking打破。由下文“ourteammadegreateffortstomakeaparty”以及語境可知，這里指護士們“匆忙”準備著。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的團隊匆匆忙忙地進進出出，努力組織一個聚會來歡迎這個只想在除夕夜感到溫暖的家庭。A.comfort安慰；B.welcome歡迎；C.reward獎勵；D.know知道。由下文“thefamilywhojustwantedtobewarmonNewYear’sEve”以及party可知，這里指護士們準備聚會來“歡迎”這家人。故選B項?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：聚會結束后，當一家人走到門口準備離開時，母親跑了回來，擁抱了我，小聲說：“謝謝你今天的好意?！盇.hand手；B.gift禮物；C.hug擁抱；D.note筆記。由下文“Thanksforyour14”可知，這里指孩子母親感激作者，給作者一個“擁抱”。故選C項【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：聚會結束后，當一家人走到門口準備離開時，母親跑了回來，擁抱了我，小聲說：“謝謝你今天的好意。”A.reaction反應；B.donation捐贈；C.treatment治療；D.kindness好意，善良。由上文“Weputtogethercandies,fruitsandotherthings”以及party可知，這里指孩子母親感謝作者的“好意”。故選D項。【35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就像我們在醫(yī)療緊急情況下所做的那樣，這是除夕夜的一次特殊事件。A.operation操作；B.emergency緊急情況；C.supply供應；D.team團隊。由上文“Iwasanurseintheemergencyroom”以及語境可知，作者這里指今天護士們處理的“緊急情況”是非常特殊的一次。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬热?1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。TheCulturalLandscapeofOldTeaForestsoftheJingmaiMountaininPu’ergainedWorldHeritageSitestatusonthe45thSessionoftheWorldHeritageCommitteeofUNESCOonSunday,becomingChina’s57thentryonthatlist.___36___isalsothefirstWorldHeritageSitewith___37___themeoftea.Thelandscape___38___(create)byancestorsofBlangpeoplewhoimmigratedt