Unit5FirstaidUsinglanguage動(dòng)詞ing的用法歸納課件高中英語人教版選擇性

Unit5動(dòng)詞-ing形式包括傳統(tǒng)語法中的動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。動(dòng)詞-ing形式具有動(dòng)詞的特征，同時(shí)又具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征。動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句中的語法作用：動(dòng)名詞在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語，現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和定語。動(dòng)詞-ing形式egDoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTomdevelopingcountry

boiling

water動(dòng)詞–ing形式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)肯定式否定式肯定式否定式一般式doing完成式

notdoing

beingdonenotbeingdonehavingdonenothavingdonehavingbeendonenothavingbeendone二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語①直接置于句首，常表示事物化、抽象化概念。eg學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對我來說非常重要。

Learningnewwordsisveryimportantforme.說比做容易。

Talkingiseasierthandoing.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的功能動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Climbingmountains

isreallydifficultfortheold.②用形式主語it，把真正的主語-ing形式移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制，作表語的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞。

eg和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。ItisuselesstryingtoarguewithShylock.這事值得去做。It’sworthmakingtheeffort.和你一起工作很愉快。Itispleasantworkingwithyou.常用-ing形式作主語的句型有：It+be+awasteoftimedoing…做……是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的Itis/wasnogood/usedoing…

做……是沒益/用處的Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing…

做……是值得的Thereis/wasnopointdoing…

干……無意義歸納③

v.-ing形式和todo作主語時(shí)的區(qū)別。

v．-ing形式和todo都可以作主語。v.-ing形式作主語表示比較抽象的一般行為，todo作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。

egPlayingwithfireisdangerous.玩火危險(xiǎn)。(泛指)

Singingismyhobby，andtosingatmyfriend'sbirthdaypartyismydream.唱歌是我的愛好，在朋友的生日宴會(huì)上唱歌是我的夢想。用括號內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。①Ican'tstand

(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.②It'snouse

(complain)withouttakingaction.③

(volunteer)justfeelssogood.④

(invite)tothepartywasagreathonourtothefamily.workingcomplainingVolunteeringBeinginvited三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，表示動(dòng)作的對象，或代替it作真正的賓語。①常跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：avoid，miss，delay/putoff避免錯(cuò)過少延期advise，finish，practise建議完成多練習(xí)enjoy，imagine，can'thelp喜歡想象禁不住admit，deny，envy承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒escape，risk，excuse逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒stand，keep，mind忍受保持不介意②

作介詞的賓語。在下面的短語中，常用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作介詞的賓語：begoodat擅長；dreamof夢想；careabout在乎；aimat瞄準(zhǔn)；beconcernedabout關(guān)心；beinterestedin對……感興趣；feellike想要；insiston堅(jiān)持；thinkof認(rèn)為；setabout開始做；beusedto習(xí)慣于；getdownto開始做；leadto導(dǎo)致；stickto堅(jiān)持；devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于……；lookforwardto期待；payattentionto注意；giveup放棄等。③

在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞-ing形式作介詞的賓語，介詞常省略。spend...(in)doing花費(fèi)……做某事havedifficulty/trouble(in)doing...做……有困難/麻煩stop/prevent...(from)doing阻止……做某事wastetime(in)doing浪費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事bebusy(in)doing忙于做某事haveagood/hardtime(in)doing高興做某事/費(fèi)了很大勁做某事Thereisnopoint(in)doing做某事毫無意義用括號內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。①I'mlookingforwardto

(hear)fromyou.②Hedevoteshimselfto

(look)intothematter.③Shelikesspendingmuchmoney

(buy)clothesforherself.hearinglookingbuying④動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語、賓語時(shí)的幾個(gè)特殊情況：(1)動(dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)egHis/Tom'sbeinglatemadetheteacherveryangry.Wouldyoumindmy/meclosingthewindowWouldyoumindMary's/Maryclosingthewindow[名師點(diǎn)津]動(dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式為：形容詞性物主代詞/代詞(賓格)/名詞/名詞的所有格＋notdoing...。Jerry'snotarrivingontimemadethepeoplepresentangry.（2）有些動(dòng)詞既可以跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式，又可以跟不定式做賓語。①動(dòng)詞begin，start，continue等詞后既可跟不定式，又可跟動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語，意義基本相同。Theycontinueddiscussing/todiscusstheplanafterhavingarest.②動(dòng)詞love，like，hate等后可跟動(dòng)詞-ing和不定式作賓語，但接動(dòng)詞-ing表示經(jīng)常性的情況，接不定式表示具體的動(dòng)作。Ilovewalkingwithmyfriendonasunnyday.(習(xí)慣)Itisapleasantdaytoday，soIlovetohaveawalkwithmyfriend.(具體)③一些動(dòng)詞后既可跟動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語，又可跟不定式作賓語，但意義有很大差別。(3)用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是動(dòng)詞-ing形式。Ifoundituseless/nousearguingaboutit.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain(4)在動(dòng)詞need，require，want，deserve后，用動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示被動(dòng)意義，即need/require/want/deservedoing＝need/require/want/deservetobedone。Theseclothesneedwashing.＝Theseclothesneedtobewashed.Thehouserequiresrepairing.＝Thehouserequirestoberepaired.(5)在(be)worth后面只能用動(dòng)詞-ing形式來表示被動(dòng)意義。Thefilmisworthseeingasecondtime.用括號內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。(1)①Iremember

(see)herbefore，butIcan'trememberwhenitwas.②Youmustremember

(tell)Jacksonthenewstonight.(2)①Ididn'tmean

(visit)himyesterdayafternoon.②Givingupyourplanmeans

(lose)alargeamountofmoney.(3)①Allofusstopped

(talk)whenwesawourteachercomein.②Shefeltthirsty，soshestopped

(get)adrinkofwater.seeingtotelltovisitlosingtalkingtoget四、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語作表語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞。1．動(dòng)名詞(短語)作表語，表示抽象的一般性的行為，用來說明主語的內(nèi)容，與主語通常是同一概念，表語和主語?？苫Q位置。Oneofhisweaknessesistellinglies.＝Tellingliesisoneofhisweaknesses.Hishobbyisreadingbooksinhissparetime.＝Readingbooksinhissparetimeishishobby.2．現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作表語，表示主語的某種性質(zhì)和特征，這類分詞通?？梢钥醋餍稳菰~。

Herperformanceisveryentertaining，whichbringsusmuchpleasure.

Thetripisveryexciting，andwehavedecidedtohaveasimilarone.[名師點(diǎn)津]作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞，許多是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動(dòng)詞變化而來的。常見的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...這類分詞有“令人……的”的含義，常修飾物。用括號內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。①Goingintohospitalcanbevery

(frighten)forachild.②Henry'sjobis

(teach)physicsinalocalmiddleschool.③Yourtaskis

(clean)theoldcaroverthereonyourown.frighteningteaching/toteachcleaning五、動(dòng)詞-ing作定語1．動(dòng)名詞(短語)作定語，表示名詞的屬性、作用或用途，作“供……用”講，常置于被修飾的名詞前。Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.Studentsarenotpermittedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.2.現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作定語，說明被修飾詞的性質(zhì)、特征、用途或所修飾的人/事物的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)及物動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語與被修飾的名詞為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，Ihaveneverseenamoremovingmovie.不及物動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行Thewomansendingherchildrentoschoolismyhistoryteacher.用括號內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。①Thetopic

(discuss)nowhasdrawnsomeexperts'attention.②Grandmacameintomybedroomwitha

(walk)stickinherhand.beingdiscussedwalking六、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞-ing形式常作以下動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語。1．動(dòng)詞-ing位于感官動(dòng)詞后：feel，smell，listento，hear，watch，see，notice，observe等。Ifeltsomeonepattingmeontheshoulder.Whenhepassedtheswimmingpool，hesawsomeoneswimminginit.[名師點(diǎn)津]在see，hear，watch等感官動(dòng)詞后，用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；用省略to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示動(dòng)作從開始到結(jié)束的全過程。IheardMarysinginginthenextroom.(動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)IheardMarysingasonginthenextroomlastnight.(動(dòng)作全過程)2．動(dòng)詞-ing位于使役動(dòng)詞后：have，keep，get，leave，set，make，send等。Shecouldn'thavehimgettingawaywithtellinglies.Pleasedon'tkeepthelittleboystayingalone.3．用于with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中。Icouldn'tdomyhomeworkwiththenoisegoingon.Withsomanypeoplelookingather，shefeelsnervous.句型轉(zhuǎn)換。①Astimepassesby，wewillhaveabetterandbetterlife.→

，wewillhaveabetterandbetterlife.②Isawthattheywerecomingacrossthestreet.→Isaw

thestreet.③Istoodonthebridgeandwatchedboatswerepassingby.→Istoodonthebridgeandwatched

．Withtimepassingbythemcomingacrossboatspassingby七、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語1．作時(shí)間狀語。Hearingthenews，hecouldn'thelplaughing.＝Whenheheardthenews，hecouldn'thelplaughing.2．作原因狀語。Notknowingheraddress，Ihadbettertelephonehertocomeover.＝AsIdon'tknowheraddress，Ihadbettertelephonehertocomeover.3．作條件狀語。Workinghard，you'llsurelysucceed.＝Ifyouworkhard，you'llsurelysucceed.4．作結(jié)果狀語。Thechildslippedandfell，hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.＝Thechildslippedandfell，andhithisheadagainstthedoor.[名師點(diǎn)津]現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，是隨著謂語動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果，而不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，有時(shí)前面可以加only。Ihurriedtoschool，onlytofinditwasSunday.5．作讓步狀語。Havingbeentoldmanytimes，hestilldidn'tlearntheserulesbyheart.＝Althoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes，hestilldidn'tlearntheserulesbyheart.6．作伴隨狀語。Morrislayonthegrass，staringattheskyforalongtime.＝Morrislayonthegrassandstaredattheskyforalongtime.Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse，cuttingthebranches.＝Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse，andcutthebranches.7．作方式狀語。Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.他跑回來告訴我這個(gè)消息。[名師點(diǎn)津]動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于與之對應(yīng)的狀語從句，但是當(dāng)作伴隨狀語及結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，可轉(zhuǎn)化為并列謂語。句型轉(zhuǎn)換。①Itrainedheavilyanditcausedgreatdamage.→Itrainedheavily，

．②Afterhehadeatenhisdinner，theboyrushedout.→

，theboyrushedout.③Allnightlonghelayawakeandhethoughtoftheproblem.→Allnightlonghelayawake，

．causinggreatdamageHavingeatenhisdinnerthinkingoftheproblem8．現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)(1)現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，要注意分詞的時(shí)間性，是用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(doing)，還是用完成式(havingdone)。①當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用分詞的一般式。Walkinginthestreet，Imetanoldfriendofmine.②當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，而謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作后發(fā)生時(shí)，用分詞的完成式。Havingfinishedtheletter，hewenttopostit.(havingfinished是先發(fā)生的，went是后發(fā)生的)(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的語態(tài)使用現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式，這主要取決于現(xiàn)在分詞和句子主語之間的關(guān)系。句子的主語就是分詞的邏輯主語。Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory，theywereveryhappy.(現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式)Havingfinishedhishomework，hewenttobed.(現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)式)(3)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定式：not＋v.-ing；nothaving＋v.-edNotknowingthis，hedidn'tcome.Nothavingmadefullpreparations，weputoffthesportsmeeting.(4)現(xiàn)在分詞作評注性狀語有些現(xiàn)在分詞在句中沒有邏輯主語，它們往往作為句子的評注性狀語來修飾整個(gè)句子，表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。例如：generallyspeaking“一般來說”，judgingby/from...“從……判斷”，takingeverythingintoconsideration“從全局考慮”。Judgingfromhisbehaviour，hemustbemad.從他的行為來判斷，他一定是瘋了。用括號內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。①

(work)forthreehours，hetookarest.②Tomcame

(dash)intotheroomwithsomefilmticketsinhishand.③

(spend)allhismoney，theboyhadtogivehismotheracall.HavingworkeddashingHavingspent1.

(talk)withyourkidhearttoheartisveryimportant.2.Thebirdnarrowlyescaped

(shoot)bythehunter.3.Itisnouse

(regret)yourpastmistakes.4.Myparentsdon'tallowus

(watch)violentTVprograms.5．Theyareplanningtobuilda

(swim)poolforthekids.6．Thestudent

(talk)withtheforeignersoverthereisourmonitor.beingshotregrettingTalkingⅠ.單句語法填空。towatchswimmingtalking7．Withthetemperature

(rise)，theleavesandgrassbegintoappear.8．

(see)fromthetower，thecitylooksverybeautiful.9．

(work)harderatEnglish，you'llmakegreaterprogress.10．

(finish)theworkaheadoftime，wehavetoworkhard.SeenWorkingrisingTofinish1．總之，和你的同學(xué)處理好關(guān)系被認(rèn)為是一件重要的事情。Inaword，

isconsideredanimportantthing.2．當(dāng)這個(gè)人看完信后，他看著他的朋友。Afterthemanfinished

，helookedathisfriend.3．李明一直夢想著將來可以開始他自己的生意。LiMinghasalwaysbeendreamingof

inthefuture.readingtheletterstartinghisownbusinessgettingalongwellwithyourclassmatesⅡ.完成句子。4．因粗魯行為向老師道歉后，他承諾以后不再犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。

，hemadeapromisethathewouldn'tmakethesamemistake.5．因?yàn)樽鹬厮母赣H，所以他不想和他爭論。

，hedidn'twanttoarguewithhim.6．被雨淋后他感冒了。Hewascaughtintherain，thus

．RespectinghisfathermakinghimselfcatchacoldHavingapologizedtohisteacherforhisrudemanners7．瑪麗坐在教室的窗邊讀一本書。Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom，

．8．因?yàn)樵谶@個(gè)村里住了很多年，我熟悉每個(gè)人。

，Iknoweveryonequitewell.9．她的工作是盡量使報(bào)告廳保持干凈。Herjobis

ascleanaspossible.10．我們讓火整夜燃燒著。We

allnightlong.HavinglivedinthevillageforyearskeepingthelecturehallreadingabookkeptthefireburningReplaceeachunderlinedpartwithasuitable-ingformandrewritethesentenceasnecessary.Workwithapartnerandsummarisethedifferentstructuresofthe-ingform.Wheniseachoneused1.Whenhegotoutofthebathtub,heslippedandfellonthefloor.Whengettingoutofthebathtub,heslippedandfellonthefloor.vi.

滑到；滑落；溜走n.浴缸；浴盆2.Isthereanyreasonwhywearenotgoingtohavethefirst-aidtrainingthisweek

3.Shehadbeentoldabouttheriskofelectricshocksandthismadeheverycarefulwhileusinghairdryers.Isthereanyreasonfornothavingthefirst-aidtrainingthisweekHavingbeentoldabouttheriskofelectricshocks,shewasverycarefulwhileusinghairdryers.4.Becausethechildwasnotwatchedcarefullybyhisparents,hetouchedahotironandburnthisfinger.5.Aftershehadbeenbittenbymosquitoes,sheappliedsomemedicinetoherskin.Notbeingwatchedcarefullybyhisparents,thechildtouchedahotironandburnthisfinger.Afterbeing/havingbeenbittenbymosquitoes,sheappliedsomemedicinetoherskin.n.蚊子主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)肯定式否定式肯定式否定式一般式doingnotdoingbeingdonenotbeingdone完成式havingdonenothavingdonehavingbeendonenothavingbeendoneCompletethepassagewiththecorrectformsofthegivenwords.WhathappenedtoMrsTayorMrsTaylorwasanelderlywoman__________(live)alone.Oneday,shewasinherlivingroomcleaningthewindows,whensuddenlyshecouldnolongerfeeltherightsideofherbody.__________(try)towalktohersofatositdown,shefelloverontothecarpet.Thensherealisedthatshecouldnotgetup,andthatshewashavingtroule_____________(breathe).livingTryingbreathingadj.年紀(jì)較大的；上了年紀(jì)的n.地毯Fortunately,shehadhermobilephonewithher,andshewasabletoreachitwithherlefthandwhile_______________(lie)onthefloor.Hermobilephone________________(already,setup)tocallanemergencynumberatthepushofabutton,soitwaseasytocallforhelp.Whileattemptingtotalktotheoperator(n.接線員；操作員),MrsTayordiscoveredthatshecouldnotspeak.______________(not,hear)ananswer,theoperatorknewthatMrsTayormustbeintrouble.TellingMrsTayorthateverythingwouldbeOK,lyingwasalreadysetupNothearingsheimmediatelysentanambulance.After_________(arrive),theambulanceteamquicklyfoundMrsTayorandwithoutdelaygaveheoxygen,putinanIVneedle,andcheckedhervitalsigns.________________(take)tothehospitalandtreatedimmediately,MrsTayor'shealthwasinnogreatdanger,thoughshehadtostayinthehospitalward.Afteraweek,her__________(frighten)experiencewasover,andshewasallowedtogohome.arrivingHavingbeentakenfrightening