閱讀理解（段落大意題）訓練-2023年高考英語第二輪復習

2023年高考英語第二輪復習點對點刻意訓練

專題06閱讀理解（段落大意題）對策與訓練解析版

目錄內(nèi)容

板塊一命題規(guī)律探究

板塊二高考真題引領

板塊三名校模擬演練

命題規(guī)律探究

解答段落大意題的關鍵是抓住段落的主題句。一般而言，每個段落總有一個中心，通常中心

思想會在首句或尾句體現(xiàn)出來，這就是常說的段落主題句?？傮w來說，采用歸納法的段落，細節(jié)

表述在前，歸納概括在后，主題句在段尾；采用演繹法的段落，先提出觀點，后舉例子，由一般

到特殊，主題句出現(xiàn)在段首，這種現(xiàn)象較多出現(xiàn)在說明文和議論文中；若作者采用“特殊~一般

一特殊”的方式，主題句可能出現(xiàn)在段落的中間。有時，作者沒有寫出明顯的主題句，考生要學會

根據(jù)段落的內(nèi)容概括出主題句。

一、段落大意題設題方式

1.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

2.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusabout...?

3.Inthelastparagraph,theauthormainlytellsus.

4.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

5.Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsusthat.

二、正確選項的特征

1.通常不含細節(jié)信息的詞。

2.通常不含絕對意義的詞。

3.能概括全文或某段的全部內(nèi)容；涵蓋性強，精確度強，恰當?shù)谋硪夥秶颓楦猩省?/p>

三、干擾選項的特征

1.過于籠統(tǒng)，不知所云。所概括的內(nèi)容超出原文的范圍。

2.以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的細節(jié)內(nèi)容或個別詞語做出選項內(nèi)容。

3.移花接木，偷換概念。選項中定語和狀語影響語意范圍，或者把屬于A的內(nèi)容放在B上。

4.主觀臆測，無中生有，選項中關鍵詞也在文中提及，但選項的實際含義與文章主題無關。

四、段落大意題思維導圖

段首：說明文和說論文中的主

抓

住

段

落

一

主

題

句J

（2020全國I卷D篇，保留原題序號）

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshave

foundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecity

experiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaceswere

decoratedwithhouseplants.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A?Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

破題關鍵點

第一步讀文章，概括段意

本段通過列舉兩項科學研究來說明綠色植物對人類的好處。

第二步析選項，斟酌判斷

對不同植物的一項新研究。原文中提到對綠色植物的研究，但不以偏概全，

A

是該段的主旨。斷章取義

犯罪率大幅下降。用犯罪率下降來證明的是綠色植物的好處，故混以偏概全，

B

淆主次。斷章取義

來自不同工作場所的員工。以偏概全，

C

雖涉及到工作場所的員工，但是以偏概全，不是本段的主題。生搬硬套

綠色植物的好處。本段主旨就是列舉兩項科學研究來說明綠色植物涵蓋性強，

D

對人類的好處。該項是對本段內(nèi)容的精煉總結和概括。覆蓋全段

自主解答：D

（2017全國∏卷C篇，保留原題序號）

（2017?全國卷∏,C篇節(jié)選）TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,

bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle——namedthe

Transition——hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat

1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.ltfliesusinga

23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.

B?Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

［解題思路］

第一步

thefirstparagraphmainlyabout

題干關鍵詞

第二步at1,400feetforeightminutes,70milesperhour,a23gallontank,35miles

原文關鍵詞pergallon

ThebasicdataoftheTransition.

A直接概括

（飛行汽車/Transition的基本數(shù)據(jù)。

Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

B曲解文意

第三步比對飛行汽車的優(yōu)點。

選項關鍵詞

Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

無中生有

C飛行汽車的潛在市場。

ThedesignersoftheTransition.

D飛行汽車的設計者。以偏概全

自主解答：A

（2022新高考I卷D篇，保留原題序號）

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m''and"a"totherareclicksofsome

southernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudy

showsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld,slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas4tf,and"v”,

weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiat

theUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（對齊）,makingithardto

producelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbite

structure（結構），makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.

Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn,thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn,tgrowtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafter

theNeolithicage,withtheuseOf"f'and?V,increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsare

stillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolved

around300,000yearsago.,,ThesetofspeechsoundsWeusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceof

humanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatWefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayof

thingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,,,saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi,sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.

B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.

D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.C

【導語】本篇是一篇說明文。主要介紹因為飲食的改變導致了現(xiàn)在在世界上一半的語言中發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的語音。

32.Do細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的"Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeech

soundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f"andMVM,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofter

foods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhow

andwhythistrendarose.（30多年前，學者CharleSHoCkett注意到，被稱為唇齒音的語音，如"f"和"v"，在

吃軟食物的社會的語言中更常見?，F(xiàn)在，瑞士蘇黎世大學的DamiaIlBIaSi領導的一組研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一趨勢

產(chǎn)生的方式和原因。）“可知DamialIBlaSi的研究重點是在語言的演變上。故選D。

α

33.Co細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthuman

adultswerealignedrmakingithardtoproducelabiodentals>whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptothe

upperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,makingiteasiertoproducesuchSOUndS.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，

古人類的上門牙和下門牙是對齊的，因此很難產(chǎn)生唇齒音，唇齒音是通過下唇接觸上牙齒而形成的。后來，我

們的下顆變成了覆蓋咬合結構，更容易發(fā)出這樣的聲音）”可知，因為古代成年人的下顆結構使他們很難發(fā)出唇

齒音。故選C。

34.A0主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中的"Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobal

changeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f"and"v"increasing

remarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmany

hunter-gathererpeopletOday.（對語言數(shù)據(jù)庫的分析也證實，在新石器時代之后，世界語言的發(fā)音發(fā)生了全球性

的變化，在過去幾千年里，“產(chǎn)和“v”的使用顯著增加。這些聲音在今天許多狩獵采集者的語言中仍然沒有發(fā)

現(xiàn)）”可知，第五段主要是通過列明數(shù)據(jù)分析結果來進一步證明研究結果。故選A。

35.Co推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“"Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstable

sincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayisthe

productofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,,,saidStevenMoran,a

memberoftheresearchteam.（研究小組成員StevenMoran說：a自從人類出現(xiàn)以來，我們使用的語音不一定保

持穩(wěn)定，我們今天發(fā)現(xiàn)的各種語音都是生物變化和文化進化等復雜相互作用的產(chǎn)物」）”可知，SteVenMoran認

為語音是一個復雜的動態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C。

（2022全國甲卷D篇，保留原題序號）

Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,

oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere-broadparks,superbbeaches,anda

culturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.

AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving,?spentthewholemorning

shuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparate

ways-heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.

t?Γllmisstheseoldboats,"hesaidasweparted.

“Howdoyoumean?^^Iasked.

??0h,they,rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey,renotsoelegant,andthey,renotfiιnto

pilot.Butthat,sprogress,Iguess.”

EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords（口號），andtraditionsareincreasingly

rare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity,sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptaside

muchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.??Sydneyisconftιsedaboutitsel[''shesaid.ttWecan,tseemto

makeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.Ifsaconflictthatwearen,tgettinganybetterat

resolving(解決).”

Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtful

youngbusinessmannamedAnthony.??ManypeoplesaythatWelackcultureinthiscountry,"hetoldme.??Whatpeople

forgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought20(X)yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,

andtheChinesemorestill.We,vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoung

country.It,saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”

Heisright,but?can,thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Sydney,sstrikingarchitecture.

B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.

C.ThekeytoSydney,sdevelopment.

D.Sydney,stouristattractionsinthe1960s.

33.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?

A.Hegoestoworkbyboat.

B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.

C.Hepilotscatamaranswell.

D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.

34.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?

A.Itislosingitstraditions.

B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.

C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.

D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.

35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.

B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.

C.modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.

D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.

32-35DDAA

【解題導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過作者和悉尼人士的交流介紹了悉尼發(fā)展中面臨的問題。

32.Co主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.

Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.（20世紀60年代初，澳大利亞悉尼發(fā)生了一件大事。這座城市發(fā)現(xiàn)了它的港口）”

以及“Butiti§theharborthatmakesthecity?（但是是港口造就了城市）”可知，本段主要介紹了悉尼發(fā)展的關鍵是

港口。故選C。

33.Do細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AndrcwReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotSydneyferryboatsfora

IiVilIg.（30歲出頭的AndrewReynOldS是個快樂的小伙子,他在悉尼擔任渡輪領航員為生）”、第三段missthese

oldboats.（我會想念這些舊船的）”以及第五段“Catamaransarefaster,butthey,renotsoelegant,andthey,renot

funtopilot.（雙體船更快，但它們不那么優(yōu)雅，駕駛起來也不有趣）”可知，渡輪領航員AIldreWReylWldS喜歡老

式渡船。故選D。

,

34.Ao推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“ShirIeyFitzgerald,thecitysofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushto

modernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.（悉尼的官方歷

史學家ShirleyFitzgerald告訴我，在20世紀70年代奔向現(xiàn)代化的過程中，悉尼把很多它的過去都拋在了一邊，

包括許多最漂亮的建筑）”可推知，ShirIeyFitZgeraki認為悉尼匆忙奔向現(xiàn)代化，正在失去它的傳統(tǒng)。故選A。

35.A推理判斷題根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第一句...beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.可知，作

者認為一個城市新舊并存是非常有魅力的。根據(jù)下文中Anthony的觀點…afoundationbuiltonancientcultures

withadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.和最后一段Heisright...可知，Anthony認為澳大利亞是一個

建立在古老文化基礎上并同時充滿活力的年輕國家，作者認同其觀點。

名校模擬演練

（2023秋?安徽滁州?高三統(tǒng)考期末）AresearchteamledbyDelPozoCruzfromtheUniversityofSouthern

Denmark,recentlypublishedastudythatfoundwalking10,000stepsadayloweredtheriskfordementiaby50%.

However,ifwalkingoccurredatabriskpaceof112stepsaminutefor30minutes,itmaximizedriskreduction,

leadingtoa62%reductionindementiarisk.The30minutesoffast-pacedwalkingdidn,thavetooccurallatonce一it

couldbespreadoutovertheday.44Ourtakeisthatintensityofsteppingmatters—overandabovevolume,,,saidCruz.

Thenewstudyfollowed78,500peoplebetweentheagesof40and79fromEngland,ScotlandandWaleswhowore

wriststepcountersfor24hoursadayoverasevendaystretch.Aftercountingeachperson'stotalnumberofstepseach

day,researchersplacedthemintotwocategories:Fewerthan40stepsperminute,whichismorelikewhenyou,re

walkingfromroomtoroom—andmorethan40stepsperminute,orso-called“purposeful"walking.Athirdcategory

wascreatedforpeakperformers—hosewhotookthemoststepsperminutewithin30minutesoverthecourseofaday.

Aboutsevenyearslater,researcherscomparedthatdatatomedicalrecordsandfoundpeoplewhotookthemost

stepsperminuteshowedthebiggestreductioninriskforcancer,heartdiseaseandearlydeathfromanycause.

Researchersfoundtheassociationbetweenpeak30-minutestepsandriskreductiontobedependentonthedisease

studied:Therewasa62%reductionfordementia,an80%declineforcardiovasculardiseaseanddeath,andabouta20%

dropinriskforcancer.

What,sthetakeaway?Youdon,thavetofixateonthenumbersofsteps.??Spend30minutesbeingbreathlessat

whateverpaceyou,reat,andthenkeepchallengingyourselftobeslightlyunsatisfiedatyourcurrentlevelsoyoucanget

betterandbetter,,,saidDr.AndrewFreeman.

1.Whichaspectofwalkingdoesthestudyfocuson?

A.Itstime.B.Itspace.C.Itslength.D.Itspopularity.

2.WhatcanWelearnaboutthesubjectsinthethirdcategoιy?

A.Theyaretheoldest.B.TheyarefromWales.

C.Theywalkthequickest.D.Theywalkwithoutstepcounters.

3.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytellusaboutthestudy?

A.Itsfindings.B.Itsprocedures.

C.Itsmedicalapplication.D.Itstheoreticalsignificance.

4.WhatdoesFreemansuggestwalkersdo?

A.Counttheirstepsasexactlyaspossible.B.Sparethemselves30minuteseveryday.

C.Aimalittlehigherthantheirpresentlevel.D.Setaspecificgoalforthemselveseachday.

【答案】1.B2.C3.A4,C

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)如果以每分鐘112步的快走速度行走30分鐘，則可最大限

度地降低風險，使癡呆風險降低62%。介紹了研究開展的過程以及結果。

1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“However,ifwalkingoccurredatabriskpaceof112stepsaminutefor30minutes,it

maximizedriskreduction,leadingtoa62%reductionindementiarisk.The30minutesoffast-pacedwalking

didn,thavetooccurallatonce—itcouldbespreadoutovertheday.uOurtakeisthatintensityofstepping

matters-overandabovevolume,,,saidCruz.（^W,如果以每分鐘112步的快走速度行走30分鐘，則可最大限

度地降低風險，使癡呆風險降低62%。30分鐘的快節(jié)奏步行不必一次完成，可以分散到一天中?？唆斊澱f：“我

們認為，步伐的強度比音量更重要）”可知，這項研究關注的是步行速度。故選B。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Athirdcategorywascreatedforpeakperformers—hosewhotookthemoststeps

perminutewithin30minutesoverthecourseofaday.（第三類是為表現(xiàn)最好的人設計的在一天中30分鐘內(nèi)

每分鐘走的步數(shù)最多的人）”可知，第三類人走路最快。故選C。

3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“Researchersfoundtheassociationbetweenpeak30-minutestepsandriskreduction

tobedependentonthediseasestudied:Therewasa62%reductionfordementia,an80%declinefor

cardiovasculardiseaseanddeath,andabouta20%dropinriskforCanCer.（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，30分鐘的步數(shù)峰值與

風險降低之間的關聯(lián)取決于所研究的疾病：癡呆風險降低62%,心血管疾病和死亡風險降低80%,癌癥風險降

低約20%）”可知，第5段主要告訴我們研究結果。故選A。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“What'sthetakeaway?Youdon,thavetofixateonthenumbersofsteps.uSpend30

minutesbeingbreathlessatwhateverpaceyou,reat,andthenkeepchallengingyourselftobeslightlyunsatisfied

atyourcurrentlevelsoyoucangetbetterandbetter/9saidDr.AIIdreWFreCmali.（有什么好處？你不必拘泥于步

數(shù)。安德魯?弗里曼博士說嚴花30分鐘讓自己以任何速度喘不過氣來，然后不斷挑戰(zhàn)自己，讓自己對目前的水平

略感不滿，這樣你就可以變得越來越好?？芍?，弗里曼建議步行者的目標比他們現(xiàn)在的水平高一點。故選C。

（2023秋?福建龍巖?高三校聯(lián)考期末）Ifsallrighttocry.Really.Althoughit,softenseenasasignofweakness,

cryingcanbejustwhatthedoctororderedforsortingthroughChaotie（混舌L的）emolionsandcheeringup.

Ourgeneraldisapprovalofemotionalexpressionandcryingspecificallystemsfromchildhood,saidStephen

Sideroff,anassistantprofessor.Askids,we,reoftentaughttorestrain（抑制）oUremotions.Maybeyourememberbeing

teasedinelementaryschoolforcryingwhenyouwerehurt.Manyofuslearnedtherewerefeelings,suchasangeror

resentment,thatweshouldn,thaveorexpress.Aschildrengrowintoadulthood,wegraduallylearntoregulateour

feelings.Sowhat,youmightsay?Whocares?ButWedon,tholdemotionsinonlyourheads,Sideroffsaid.Westore

theminourbodies,too.

Holdingbackyourfeelingscanhurt.??Thesefeelingshaveenergy/5Sideroffexplained.?tYou（then）havetorestrain

themindifferentways.”Thatinterfereswithnaturalprocessesandcreatesimbalancessincethebody,sneedisstillthere.

Ifyou,resadorhurtorangry,youneedtofindsomethingtoresolvethatimbalance.Ifyoudon,t,youmightexpress

thoseimbalancedfeelingsininappropriateways—likelashingoutat（猛烈抨擊）yourfamilyorfriends.Emotional

restraintcanlimitourabilitytoexperiencepositivefeelings,suchasjoyandlove,aswell.

Generally,thethreetypesoftearsincludeemotionaltears,whichresultfromstrongfeelingssuchasjoyorsadness.

BasaltearsIUbriCate（潤滑）youreyes.Reflextearsreleasewhendustoronionoxidesannoyyoureyes.Humansarethe

onlyanimalswhocryintoadulthoodandhaveemotionaltears.

Peopleoftenreportfeelingbetteraftertheycry.Thatcouldbebecausecryingforcesustopayattentiontowhat

triggered（??M）usandworkthroughouremotionsandthoughts.Ciyingmightalsohelpinunderstandingwhat,s

importanttous,especiallyifwecryoversomethingthatupsetsusunexpectedly.

5.WhichofthefollowingisStephen,sidea?

A.Emotionsarecreatedbythechaos.

B.Emotionsarestoredonlyinourheads.

C.Emotionalrestraintoriginatesfromchildhood.

D.Emotionalrestraintdevelopspositivefeelings.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resentment“inParagraph2referto?

A.Joy.B.Bitterness.C.Satisfaction.D.Disappointment.

7.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thecharacteristicsofcrying.B.Thefunctionsoftears.

C.Theclassificationoftears.D.Theresultsofcrying.

8.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeofcrying?

A.Ifsdoubtful.B.lt,sunexpected.

C.lt,sdiscouraging.D.It,sbeneficial.

【答案】5.C6.B7.C8.D

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述抑制情緒的表達有一定的危害，將情緒表達出來，如哭泣是有好處的。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“OlIrgeneraldisapprovalofemotionalexpressionandcryingspecificallystems

fromchildhood,saidStephenSiderofT,anassistantpπ）fessor.（助理教授StephenSideroff說，我們普遍的反對情緒

化的表達和哭泣，這是從童年時期就開始的）”可知，StePhenSiderOff認為情緒抑制源于童年。故選C。

6.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Manyofuslearnedtherewerefeelings,suchasangerorresentment,thatwe

ShOUklMthaVeOreXPreSS.俄們中的許多人都知道，有些情緒，例如憤怒或怨恨，我們不應該擁有或表達）"中的

“anger”可推知，劃線詞所表達的意思應與“憤怒”為同類詞，表達一種不滿，因而選項B.BitterIIeSs“憤恨”符合

題意。故選B。

7.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段前三句"Generally,thethreetypesoftearsincludeemotionaltears,whichresultfrom

strongfeelingssuchasjoyorsadness.BasaltearsIUbriCate（潤滑）youreyes.Reflextearsreleasewhendustor

onionoxidesannoyyoureyes.（一般來說，這三種類型的眼淚包括情緒性的眼淚，這些眼淚是由強烈的情緒如喜

悅或悲傷引起的。基礎眼淚潤滑你的眼睛。當灰塵或洋蔥氧化物侵擾你的眼睛時,反射性眼淚會釋放出來）”可知，

這里將眼淚分成了三種類型，因此本段主要講了眼淚的分類。故選C。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句"PeopleoftenreportfeelingbetteraftertheyCry.（人們通常在哭泣后感覺更

好）”及最后一句"Cryingmightalsohelpinunderstandingwhat,simportanttous,especiallyifwecryover

somethingthatupsetsusUlIeXPeCtedly?（哭也可能有助于理解什么對我們來說是重要的，特別是當我們?yōu)橐恍┮馔?/p>

的事情而哭泣時）”可知，這都是哭泣帶來的好處，所以作者認為哭泣是有好處的。故選D。

（2023秋?內(nèi)蒙古阿拉善盟?高三阿拉善盟第一中學?？计谀〩umanshavelongbeentryingtomakesenseof

ourplaceintheuniverse.WaitingatalaunchsiteinFrenchGuiana?NASA,sJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeisthelatest

stepforwardinthatancientquest（探索）.

Usingtelescopes,astronomershaveseenmanygalaxies（星系）suchastheAndromedaGalaxyandtheNGC3227

Galaxy.Sofar,themostdistantgalaxyeverdiscovered,GN-zl!,wasspottedbytheHubbleSpaceTelescope.Tothe

untrainedeye,itlookslikearedblob（小點點），butit'sbasicallylikelookingbackintimeabout13.4billionyearsago.

That,sjustabout0.4billionyearsaftertheBigBang.

ttHubbleislimitedinhowfarbackintimeitcanlook,sofindingthisonewasjustaluckybreak,,,saysMarusa

Bradac,anastronomerattheUniversityofCalifornia.??AstronomersonlyspotteditbecausedecadesofusingHubble

haveletthemcovermuchofthesky,andthisparticularearlygalaxyissurprisinglybrightalthoughitis25timessmaller

thantheMilkyWayGalaxyandhasjustonepercentofitsmass.”

Already,withthatonegalaxy,we,vestartedtoquestionsomeofourassumptionsabouthowgalaxiesgrow.The

powerful,$10billionJamesWebbSpaceTelescopehastechnologythatshouldletitseebackto0.1~0.2billionyears

aftertheBigBang,theperiodwhentheveryfirstgalaxiespossiblyformed.

“Ifallgowell,theJamesWebbSpaceTelescopewillhelpustobuildupthestoryofhowthefirstgalaxiesever

formedandhowtheygrewintogalaxiesweseetodayandweliveintoday/5saysBradac.??Butthechancesofseeing

thosefirstbomstarswiththenewtelescopearesmall.There,smaybeevenmoreofachancethatwemightseesomeof

thosestarsexplode.Suchinformationcanhelpusunderstandhowgalaxiesformedandchangedintothefamiliarshapes

andstructuresseentoday.That,swhat,samazingaboutthenewtelescope.^^

9.WhendidtheBigBangtakeplace?

A.Around13.0billionyearsago.

B?Around13.4billionyearsago.

C.Around13.6billionyearsago.

D.Around13.8billionyearsago.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“thisOne“inparagraph3referto?

A.TheMilkyWayGalaxy.B.TheGN-zl1Galaxy.

C.TheAndromedaGalaxy.D.TheNGC3227Galaxy.

∏.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thegreatpotentialofthenewtelescope.

B.Theneedfornewscientificbreakthroughs.

C.ThecostoftheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.

D.TheimportanceoftheHubbleSpaceTelescope.

12.WhatcanthenewtelescopemostlikelyhelpscientistsdoaccordingtoBradac?

A.Findthefirstbomstarintheuniverse.

B.WitnesstheoccurringoftheBigBang.

C.Seetheexplosionofsomeofthefirstbornstars.

D.Getacompleteunderstandingoftheuniverse.

【答案】9.D10.B11.A12.C

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了NASA正準備發(fā)射的韋伯天文望遠鏡。

9.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Totheuntrainedeye,itlookslikearedblob（小點點）,butifsbasicallylikelooking

backintimeabout13.4billionyearsago.That'sjustabout0.4billionyearsaftertheBigBWIg.（對于未經(jīng)訓練的

人來說，它看起來像一個紅色的斑點，但基本上就像是在134億年前的時光中回顧。那是在大爆炸后大約4億

年產(chǎn)可知，大爆炸發(fā)生的時間距現(xiàn)在大約4+134=138億年，即大爆炸大約發(fā)生在138億年前。故選D項。

10.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Sofar,themostdistantgalaxyeverdiscovered,GN-