湖南省長(zhǎng)沙寧鄉(xiāng)2020-2021學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題

高一英語期中試卷本試卷分為第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷兩部分，滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘第Ⅰ卷（選擇題三部分共105分）第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）(略)第二部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩小節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。1.—Sorry,Sir.Ican’tanswerthisquestion.—Well,youaresaid________thispartofhistorylastweek.A.reading B.tohaveread C.tobereading D.havingread【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查固定短語和非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：——對(duì)不起，先生，我不能回答這個(gè)問題?！冒桑瑩?jù)說你上周讀過這段歷史。短語besaidtodo表示“據(jù)說……”，且read發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，故應(yīng)用tohavedone形式。故選B。2.Theyweresurprisedtofindthepaintingburiedunderthegroundformanyyears_______.A.incondition B.outofcondition C.onnocondition D.ingoodcondition【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：他們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)這幅畫埋在地下多年，完好無損。A.incondition健康，可使用狀況；B.outofcondition身體狀況不佳；C.onnocondition在任何情況下都不；D.ingoodcondition情況良好，完好無損。根據(jù)句意可知盡管埋藏多年，但畫應(yīng)該是完好無損的。故選D選項(xiàng)。3.Doyouknow________madehersosad?A.whatwasthat B.whatwasitthat C.whatitwasthat D.whatthat【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查賓語從句語序。句意：你知道是什么讓她這么傷心嗎？此處為賓語從句，且無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序，即“主句＋連詞＋賓語從句（主語＋謂語＋其他）”句式。本句中的賓語從句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。故選C。4._____Mrs.Zhang’sexplanation,thestudentsthink,Mr.Gu’sis________one.A.paredwith;amoreconfused B.paringto;amoreconfusedC.paringwith;amoreconfusing D.paredto;amoreconfusing【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞和ing結(jié)尾和ed結(jié)尾形容詞辨析。句意：學(xué)生們認(rèn)為，與張老師的解釋相比，顧老師的解釋更令人困惑。第一空，表示“對(duì)……進(jìn)行比較”短語為parewith/to，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，與邏輯主語explanation構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語，故排除B、C選項(xiàng)；第二空中，修飾后文代詞one應(yīng)用ing結(jié)尾形容詞confusing，表示“令人困惑的”，confused用于修飾人，表示“困惑的”。故選D。5.Canyoutellmeinwhat_______heisusingthisword?A.means B.meaning C.sense D.ways【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你能不能告訴我，他是在什么意義上使用這個(gè)詞？A.means手段，方法；B.meaning意義；C.sense感覺，意義；D.ways方法。結(jié)合前后文可知此處為短語inwhatsense表示“在何種意義上”。故選C。6.Youmaydepend______hewon’tbelate,sinceheisalwaysontime.A.onthat B.onitthat C.that D.itthat【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查介詞短語和it作形式賓語。句意：你可以相信他不會(huì)遲到的，因?yàn)樗偸菧?zhǔn)時(shí)的。dependon依靠、依賴。此處it作形式賓語指代后面的"thathewon'tbelate."故選B。7.Visitorshavenoaccess______theremainsofthebuildingthat_______beingstudiedbythearchaeologists.A.to;was B.of;was C.of;were D.to;were【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查介詞和主謂一致。句意：游客們無法進(jìn)入考古學(xué)家正在研究的建筑遺址。固定搭配haveaccessto...使用、接近。故第一個(gè)設(shè)空處答案為to；第二個(gè)設(shè)空處在定語從句中作謂語，其主語為that，that指代先行詞theremains（遺址）在定語從句中作主語，主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，根據(jù)主謂一致設(shè)空處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故第二個(gè)設(shè)空處的答案為were。故答案為D。8.Atpresent,heisbusywritingabook_______hecallsthetripofhislife.A.inthat B.onwhat C.inwhich D.inwhat【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：目前，他正忙著寫一本關(guān)于他所謂的人生之旅的書。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，介詞on意為“關(guān)于”，后面需加賓語從句，call后面缺少賓語，需用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)。故選B。9.SARS______quicklyinApril2003inChinaandyoucan’timaginethedifficultythedoctorshad______itA.werespread;controlling B.wasspread;tocontrolC.spread;tocontrol D.spread;controlling【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：2003年4月，SARS在中國(guó)迅速蔓延，你無法想象醫(yī)生控制它的難度有多大。第一空中，spread為不及物動(dòng)詞，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語可知為一般過去時(shí)，故排除A、B選項(xiàng)；第二空為短語havedifficulty(in)doingsth.，表示“做某事有困難”。故選D。10.Thequestionof_____Englishwillcontinuechanginginthefutureremains_______.A.if;tobeseen B.whether;tosee C.whether;tobeseen D.if;seen【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查賓語從句/非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：英語將來是否會(huì)繼續(xù)發(fā)生變化，這個(gè)問題還有待觀察。分析句子可知，這是一個(gè)賓語從句，第一空介詞of后接賓語從句，if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句不能充當(dāng)將介詞的賓語，第一空填whether，所以排除A、D兩項(xiàng)；第二空的結(jié)構(gòu)為主系表，系動(dòng)詞remain后接表語，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語inthefuture（將來）可知事情尚未發(fā)生，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式表將來，又因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞see與主語question邏輯上構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)態(tài)，故選C。11.Confucius,thegreatthinker,______thedevelopmentofChina’seducationandculture.A.relatedto B.influencedon C.contributedto D.resultedfrom【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和固定短語。句意：孔子，偉大的思想家，為中國(guó)的教育和文化發(fā)展做出了貢獻(xiàn)。A.relatedto和...相關(guān);B.influencedon對(duì)…的影響;C.contributedto貢獻(xiàn);D.resultedfrom起因于、因?yàn)?。結(jié)合句意。故答案為C。12.Johnneverdreamedof_____forhimtobesentabroadsosoon.A.itbeingachance B.therewasachanceC.therebeingachance D.hewasgivenachance【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞和固定句型。句意：邁克爾從來沒有夢(mèng)想過他會(huì)有一個(gè)很快就被派出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。dreamof后有動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞形式；根據(jù)這里是表示“有；存在”一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，故用therebeing結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C。13.________HanDynastywasfoundedwithChang’an______itscapital.A.The;as B./;being C.The;like D./;tobe【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查冠詞及介詞。句意：漢朝建立，定都長(zhǎng)安。第一個(gè)空考查冠詞的用法，在朝代名詞前需用定冠詞the，故第一空選the，排除B、D選項(xiàng)；“as”作介詞時(shí)有“作為”之意；“l(fā)ike”作介詞表“像”，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)當(dāng)是以長(zhǎng)安作為都城，故選A項(xiàng)。14.Warningshadbeensentbythetimethevolcano___________,butstillthewholevillage_________.A.erupted,wasdamaged B.erupted,wasdestroyedC.haderupted,wasdamaged D.haderupted,wasdestroyed【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：火山爆發(fā)時(shí)已經(jīng)發(fā)出了警告，但整個(gè)村莊還是被毀了。第一空：主句“Warningshadbeensent”是過去完成時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語從句的動(dòng)作“火山爆發(fā)”發(fā)生在“警告被發(fā)出”之后，因此“火山爆發(fā)”應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)；第二空：damage

指程度較小、可以修復(fù)的“破壞，損壞”，destroy

指徹底的、很難修復(fù)的“破壞、毀壞”；“整個(gè)村子都被毀了”應(yīng)該用destroy；主語thewholevillage和destroy之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選B。15.TherearesomepensinhishousebutIcanneverfindone.Keeplooking.______issuretoappear.A.One B.It C.That D.This【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查代詞。句意：“他的房子里有一些鋼筆，但是我從來沒有找到一支。”“繼續(xù)找。肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)一支（鋼筆）的?！眕en是可數(shù)名詞；根據(jù)上一句“Icanneverfindone”中的“one”可知，此處指“apencil”，是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，應(yīng)用one代替。故選A。第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從短文后所給各題的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。HERmoonshapedheadappearsoneverythingfromschoolbagstofashionablewatches.And___16___sheactuallyhasnomouth,herlovelyposeshavemadeheroneofthemostfamous___17___intheworld.Now2007,HelloKittyiscelebratingher___18___birthday,andher“parents”,JapanesecharactergoodsmakerSanrio，willmakeita___19___toremember.FromJuly,aseriesof___20___eventswillbeheld.And,inkeepingwithher___21___as“UnitedNationsChildren’sFund（UNICEF）SpecialFriendofChildren,”thecatwilldonateUS＄150,000totheorganization’s___22___educationprogrammes.Thereare10millionmoregirlsthanboysoutof___23___acrosstheworld,andtheseprogrammesaremeantto___24___thegap.Whenshefirstwent____25____in1974,HelloKittybecameanimmediatehit.Therehavebeenmanystylechangessincethen.In1995,sheappearedinanurse'suniformand,twoyearslater,theribbonsinherhairwere____26____byflowers.Thisstylewasthen____27____bymillionsofJapaneseschoolgirls.“AllIdidwastomakeKittydothesortsofthingsIwantedtodomyself,”saidYukoYamaguchi,thecat’s____28____sincetheearly1980s.Mostpopular____29____,suchasSnoopyorMickeyMouse,startedlifeincartoonstripsandfilms____30____goingontoearnmoneyfromtheirimage.ThemakersofHelloKittyjuststarted____31____thecatstraightaway.SanrionowreceivesUS＄500millionayearfrompanieswho____32____tousethecat’sfaceontheir____33____“HelloKittyisagood____34____ofhowmerciallymindedtheJapaneseare,”explainedBrianBrennerofBusinessWeekmagazine.“Adaptit,sellit,____35____itandsellitagain,hopefullyallwithinthesameweek.”16.A.if B.because C.although D.when17.A.cats B.actresses C.women D.teachers18.A.31st B.21st C.33rd D.41st19.A.female B.party C.success D.toy20.A.birthday B.sports C.chief D.political21.A.character B.role C.friend D.child22.A.college B.moral C.girls’ D.boys’23.A.work B.control C.question D.school24.A.increase B.bridge C.cut D.make25.A.onbusiness B.onduty C.onsale D.onholiday26.A.taken B.offered C.replaced D.used27.A.simplified B.copied C.changed D.produced28.A.owner B.designer C.supporter D.lover29.A.animals B.characters C.actors D.filmmakers30.A.after B.when C.while D.before31.A.raising B.adopting C.selling D.feeding32.A.require B.want C.select D.offer33.A.gates B.products C.clothes D.desks34.A.idea B.cat C.example D.deal35.A.make B.improve C.enjoy D.use【答案】16.C17.A18.C19.B20.A21.B22.C23.D24.B25.C26.C27.B28.B29.B30.D31.C32.B33.B34.C35.B【解析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了受歡迎的卡通動(dòng)物HelloKitty，介紹了她的創(chuàng)作歷史以及設(shè)計(jì)者的營(yíng)銷方式，不同于其它卡通動(dòng)物，她是直接出售，沒有從拍攝電影開始?！?6題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管她實(shí)際上沒有嘴，但她可愛的姿勢(shì)使她成為世界上最有名的貓之一。A.if如果；B.because因?yàn)椋籆.although盡管；D.when當(dāng)……時(shí)候。根據(jù)句意，前后文是讓步關(guān)系，盡管沒有嘴，她仍舊是世界上最出名的貓之一。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管她實(shí)際上沒有嘴，但她可愛的姿勢(shì)使她成為世界上最有名的貓之一。A.cats貓；B.actresses女演員；C.women女人；D.teachers教師。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，HelloKitty是一只貓，下文的“thecat”也有提示，故選A?！?8題詳解】考查數(shù)詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在迎來了HelloKitty的第33個(gè)生日。A.31st第31；B.21st第21；C.33rd第33；D.41st第41。根據(jù)下文“Whenshefirstwent___10___in1974”以及空前的“Now2007”可知，HelloKetty是1974首次出售的，因此2007年是她的第33個(gè)生日。故選C。【19題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的“父母”，日本角色貨物制造者Sanrio，為她舉辦了一個(gè)生日會(huì)來紀(jì)念。A.female雌性；女性；B.party聚會(huì)；C.success成功；D.toy玩具。根據(jù)上文提到的“birthday”可知，此處說的是舉行生日會(huì)來紀(jì)念。故選B。【20題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從七月，一系列的生日活動(dòng)將舉行。A.birthday生日；B.sports運(yùn)動(dòng)；C.chief首領(lǐng)；D.political政治。根據(jù)上文提到的“birthday”可推斷，是生日活動(dòng)。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了符合她作為“聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金會(huì)兒童特別朋友”的社會(huì)角色，這只貓將向該組織的女孩教育項(xiàng)目捐贈(zèng)15萬美元。A.character性格；B.role職位；地位；社會(huì)角色；C.friend朋友；D.child孩子。根據(jù)下文“UnitedNationsChildren’sFund（UNICEF）SpecialFriendofChildren,”可知，這是一個(gè)社會(huì)角色，故選B。【22題詳解】考查名詞（所有格）詞義辨析。句意：為了符合她作為“聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金會(huì)兒童特別朋友”的社會(huì)角色，這只貓將向該組織的女孩教育項(xiàng)目捐贈(zèng)15萬美元。A.college大學(xué)；B.moral道德；C.girls’女孩的；D.boys’男孩的。根據(jù)下文“Thereare10millionmoregirlsthanboysoutof___8___acrosstheworld.”可知，比起男孩世界上有一千萬女孩失學(xué)，因此是為女孩教育項(xiàng)目捐款。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：比起男孩世界上有一千萬女孩失學(xué)，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目目的是縮小這個(gè)差距。A.work工作；B.control控制；C.question問題；D.school學(xué)校。根據(jù)上文可知是教育項(xiàng)目，因此應(yīng)是與失學(xué)有關(guān)，outofschool“失學(xué)”。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：比起男孩世界上有一千萬女孩失學(xué)，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目目的是縮小這個(gè)差距。A.increase增加；B.bridge縮小；彌合；C.cut割；砍；D.make使；讓。根據(jù)上文提到的“Thereare10millionmoregirlsthanboysoutof___8___acrosstheworld”可知，失學(xué)的女孩比男孩多，因此這個(gè)女孩教育計(jì)劃是為了縮小這個(gè)差距。bridgethegap’s“縮小差距”。故選B。【25題詳解】考查固定短語辨析。句意：當(dāng)她在1974首次出售時(shí)，HelloKitty就一炮而紅。A.onbusiness在出差；B.onduty值班；上班；C.onsale出售；D.onholiday在度假。HelloKitty是一個(gè)玩具，因此制作出來就要上市出售。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：1995年，她身著護(hù)士制服出現(xiàn)在。兩年后，她頭上的絲帶被鮮花代替。A.taken拿；??；B.offered提供；C.replaced代替；D.used使用。根據(jù)上文“Therehavebeenmanystylechangessincethen.”可知，HelloKitty的風(fēng)格發(fā)生了很多改變，因此推斷是絲帶被鮮花代替。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這種風(fēng)格后來被數(shù)百萬日本女學(xué)生效仿。A.simplified簡(jiǎn)化；B.copied模仿；仿效；C.changed改變；D.produced生產(chǎn)?！皌hisstyle”指代上文提到的頭發(fā)上的鮮花代替絲帶，因此推斷數(shù)百萬日本女學(xué)生效仿在頭上戴鮮花，模仿HelloKitty的風(fēng)格。故選B。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：YukoYamaguchi，這只貓的設(shè)計(jì)者。A.owner主人；B.designer設(shè)計(jì)者；C.supporter支持者；D.lover愛人。根據(jù)上文“AllIdidwastomakeKittydothesortsofthingsIwantedtodomyself(我所做的就是讓HelloKetty做我自己想做的事情)”可知，YukoYamaguchi是這只貓的設(shè)計(jì)者。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：大部分受歡迎的角色，比如史努比或米老鼠，在卡通片和電影中上鏡后繼續(xù)用他們的形象賺錢。A.animals動(dòng)物；B.characters角色；C.actors演員；D.filmmakers電影制作者。根據(jù)下文“suchasSnoopyorMickeyMouse,startedlifeincartoonstripsandfilms”可知，這些是電影或者卡通片中的角色。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.after在……之后；B.when當(dāng)……時(shí)候；C.while當(dāng)……時(shí)候；與此同時(shí)；D.before在……之前。根據(jù)“startedlifeincartoonstripsandfilms”可知，這些角色首先是電影中的角色，后來才用形象賺錢，因此此處指“在用他們的形象賺錢之前就已經(jīng)在卡通或電影中出現(xiàn)了”。故選D。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：HelloKitty的制作者們是直接開始銷售這只貓。A.raising提高；B.adopting采取；C.selling銷售；賣；D.feeding喂養(yǎng)。上文說到史努比，米老鼠等角色是先出現(xiàn)在電影中，才以其形象賺錢，因此推斷此處說的是HelloKitty是直接銷售。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Sanrio現(xiàn)在每年從那些在他們的產(chǎn)品上想要使用這只貓的臉的公司那里收到5億美元。A.require要求；B.want想要；C.select選擇；D.offer提議。根據(jù)上文的“SanrionowreceivesUS＄500millionayearfrompanies”可知，這些公司想要使用這只貓的臉就要付錢給Sanrio。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.gates大門；B.products產(chǎn)品；C.clothes衣服；D.desks課桌。由上文的“panies”可知，這些公司是在他們的產(chǎn)品上使用這只貓的臉。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Hellokitty是一個(gè)很好的例子，說明了日本人在商業(yè)上的想法。A.idea主意；B.cat貓；C.example例子；榜樣；D.deal約定。根據(jù)上一段講述的HelloKetty的賺錢模式，結(jié)合下文“howmerciallymindedtheJapaneseare”可推斷，她是日本商業(yè)想法的好例子。故選C。【35題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：改造它，出售它，改善它，并再次出售它，希望所有一切在同一周內(nèi)。A.make制作；使；B.improve提高；改善；C.enjoy喜歡；欣賞；D.use使用。根據(jù)下文“sellitagain”可推斷，是改善后再出售。故選B。c【點(diǎn)睛】第三部分：閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）ALikemostpeople,Iwasbroughtuptolookuponlifeasagetting.ItwasnotuntilinmylaterthirtiesthatImadethisimportantdiscovery:givingawaymakeslifesomuchmoreexciting.OnediscoveryImadeaboutgivingawayisthatitisalmostimpossibletogiveawayanythinginthisworldwithoutgettingsomethingback,thoughthereturnoftenesinanunexpectedform.OneSundaymorningthelocalpostofficedeliveredalettertomyhome,thoughitwasaddressedtomeatmyoffice.Iwrotethepostmasteranoteofappreciation.MorethanayearlaterIneededapostofficeboxforanewbusinessIwasstarting.Iwastoldatthewindowthattherewerenoboxesleft,andthatmynamewouldhavetogoonalongwaitinglist.AsIwasabouttoleave,thepostmasterappearedinthedoorway.Hehadoverheardourconversation.“Wasn’tityouthatwroteusaletterayearagoaboutdeliveringaspecialdeliverytoyourhome?”Isaiditwas.“Well,youcertainlyaregoingtohaveaboxinthispostofficeifyouhavetomakeoneforyou.Youdon’tknowwhataletterlikethatmeanstous.Weusuallygetnothingbutplains.”36.Atfirsttheauthorlookeduponlifeasaprocessofgetting.Heformedthisviewoflifebecause.A.otherpeoplewereselfish B.hethoughtitexcitingtogetfromothersC.ofhisearlyeducation D.ofhischaracter37.Theauthorwroteanoteofappreciationtothepostofficebecause.A.heknewwhatsuchanotewouldmeantothepostoffice.B.hehaddiscoveredgivingawaymadelifeallthemoreexcitingC.hebelievedhewouldgetsomethingbackbydoingsoD.thepostmandeliveredanimportantletterintime38.Whentheauthorneededapostofficebox,.A.manyhadappliedforpostofficeboxbeforehimB.heaskedtoputhisnameonawaitinglistC.hetriedtoseethepostmasterD.hewrotethepostmasteranoteofappreciation39Thepostmastercamearoundbecause.A.heoverheardthisconversationB.hehadreceivedalotofplaintsforlackofpostofficeboxC.hewasthankfulforthelettertheauthorhadwrittenD.hewasproudoftheirgoodservice【答案】36.C37.D38.A39.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，講述的是直到三十多歲作者才明白給予對(duì)生活的重大意義，活著并不是一味地索取，而給予也并不取決于是否有錢。作者通過事例向我們闡述了這個(gè)道理。【36題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Likemostpeople,Iwasbroughtuptolookuponlifeasagetting.”可知，和大多數(shù)人一樣，我從小就把生活看作是一種收獲。所以作者把生命看作一個(gè)獲得的過程，他之所以形成這種人生觀，是因?yàn)樗脑缙诮逃?。故選C。【37題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“OneSundaymorningthelocalpostofficedeliveredalettertomyhome,thoughitwasaddressedtomeatmyoffice.Iwrotethepostmasteranoteofappreciation.”可知作者寫了一封感謝信給郵遞員，因?yàn)猷]遞員送來了一封重要的信。故選D?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。據(jù)文中“Iwastoldatthewindowthattherewerenoboxesleft,andthatmynamewouldhavetogoonalongwaitinglist.”可知，當(dāng)作者由于新上手的生意需要一個(gè)郵箱時(shí)，但被窗口告知已經(jīng)沒有了，并且前面登記過的等待者特別多。故選A?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中“Well,youcertainlyaregoingtohaveaboxinthispostofficeifyouhavetomakeoneforyou.Youdon’tknowwhataletterlikethatmeanstous.Weusuallygetnothingbutplains.””可知郵遞員之所以過來是因?yàn)樽髡咴o他們寫過感謝信，并且他們?cè)诠ぷ髦械玫降拇蠖嗍潜г苟歉兄x，由此推斷出他對(duì)作者的這個(gè)舉動(dòng)持感激之心，故而過來幫助作者。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】推斷題是考查學(xué)生透過文章表面的文字信息進(jìn)行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。推理和判斷必須以事實(shí)為依據(jù)，切莫主觀臆斷。做此類題時(shí)注意以下要點(diǎn)：①文章中直接陳述的內(nèi)容不能選，要選擇根據(jù)文章推理出來的選項(xiàng)。②推理不是憑空猜測(cè)，而是立足已知推斷未知；作出正確答案時(shí)一定要在文中找到依據(jù)或理由。③要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的想法；不要脫離原文主觀臆斷。例如本題最后一題中A選項(xiàng)就屬于原文重現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容，并且從邏輯上來說并不會(huì)有個(gè)郵遞員聽到這個(gè)對(duì)話，就毫無理由地來幫助作者，所以A并非正確選項(xiàng)。BGovernors,lawyersandbusinessleadershavetodealwithscientists,andeveryeducatedpersonfindshisviewsaffectedbyscience.Yetourscienceteachingofnonscientists,inschoolandcollege,hasbuiltupmistakenideas,dislikes,andthemonboast,“Ineverdidunderstandscience.”Eventhosestudentswhoarriveatcollegewithplanstobeescientistsusuallybringamistakenpictureofscience:somehaveacollectionofunorganizedfactsaboutscience,andsomeregardthestudyofscienceasagamewhichincludesgettingtherightanswer.Thefirstoftheseattitudesseemstoefromakindofcoursewhichprovidesvariouskindsofinformation;thesecond,fromatrainingcourseonhowtopassexaminationsthatdonotaskaboutthestudent’sunderstandingbutsimplyrequirehimtoputthenumbersintherightformulas(公式).Neithertypeofcourses(inschoolorcollege)seemstogivestudentsanunderstandingofscienceaswefinditamongscientists.Neithershowsstudentshowrealscientistsworkandthink,howthefactsaregathered,howdiscoveriesaremade,andwhattheymean.Youngpeopleneedgoodteachingofscience,notsomuchagreatwealthofknowledgeasahealthyunderstandingofthenatureofscience.Theyneedanunderstandingofknowledgeleadingtosympathywithscienceandaneagernessofthewayscientistswork.Giventhese,itiseasytoencouragelaterreadingandlearning.40.Oneofthereasonsthatcausemistakenideasofscienceisdueto__________.A.amistakenpictureinstudents’mindB.theunscientificwayofteachingofscienceC.thefactthatstudentsfailtoseetheinfluenceofscienceD.thefactthatstudentshaveacollectionofunrelatedfactsaboutscience41.Accordingtothepassage,wecansafelysaythatthesubjectofthepassageis______.A.needforgoodscienceteachingB.everyperson,includinggovernors,lawyersandbusinessleadersshouldstudyscienceC.youngpeopleshouldformacorrectattitudetoscienceD.studentsmustknowwhatscienceisandhowscientistsworkandthink42.Agoodcourseofscienceis______.A.toteachstudentstodothingsaccordingtoformulasB.toprovidestudentswithallkindsofinformationC.tohelpstudentshaveagoodunderstandingandformacorrectattitudetoscienceD.toencouragestudentstohaveagoodmandofknowledge43.Peoplesuchasgovernors,lawyersandbusinessleadersdealwithscientistsmainlybecause________.A.theycanbeaffectedbyscientistswhentheyaretogetherB.scientistsmakediscoveriesandapplythemtohelppeopleliveamorefortable,stableandsafelifeC.theyowemuchtoscientists’contributionsDscientistsaregreatpersons【答案】40.B41.A42.C43.B【解析】本文是一篇議論文。主要講述的是學(xué)校中的良好的科學(xué)教學(xué)應(yīng)向?qū)W生展示科學(xué)家是如何工作和思考的，事實(shí)是如何收集的，發(fā)現(xiàn)是如何產(chǎn)生的，以及它們的意思。需要好的科學(xué)教學(xué)迫在眉睫?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Yetourscienceteachingofnonscientists,inschoolandcollege,hasbuiltupmistakenideas,dislikes,andthemonboast,“Ineverdidunderstandscience.”Eventhosestudentswhoarriveatcollegewithplanstobeescientistsusuallybringamistakenpictureofscience:somehaveacollectionofunorganizedfactsaboutscience,andsomeregardthestudyofscienceasagamewhichincludesgettingtherightanswer.”然而，我們對(duì)非科學(xué)家的科學(xué)教學(xué)，在中小學(xué)和大學(xué)里，已經(jīng)建立了錯(cuò)誤的想法，不喜歡，和常見的吹噓，我從來沒有理解過科學(xué)。即使是那些立志成為科學(xué)家的大學(xué)生，通常也會(huì)對(duì)科學(xué)有一種錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)識(shí):有些人對(duì)科學(xué)有一堆雜亂無章的事實(shí)，有些人則把科學(xué)研究看作是一場(chǎng)游戲，其中包括如何得出正確的答案。可知造成錯(cuò)誤的科學(xué)觀念的原因之一是由于不科學(xué)的科學(xué)教學(xué)方法。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。文章第一段“Yetourscienceteachingofnonscientists,inschoolandcollege,hasbuiltupmistakenideas,dislikes,andthemonboast,…”然而，我們對(duì)非科學(xué)家的科學(xué)教學(xué)，在中小學(xué)和大學(xué)里，已經(jīng)建立了錯(cuò)誤的想法，不喜歡，和常見的吹噓,…指出造成錯(cuò)誤的科學(xué)觀念的原因之一是由于不科學(xué)的科學(xué)教學(xué)方法；文章第二段“Youngpeopleneedgoodteachingofscience,notsomuchagreatwealthofknowledgeasahealthyunderstandingofthenatureofscience.Theyneedanunderstandingofknowledgeleadingtosympathywithscienceandaneagernessofthewayscientistswork.Giventhese,itiseasytoencouragelaterreadingandlearning.”年輕人需要的是良好的科學(xué)教育，而不是豐富的知識(shí)，而是對(duì)科學(xué)本質(zhì)的健康理解。他們需要對(duì)知識(shí)的理解導(dǎo)致對(duì)科學(xué)的同情和對(duì)科學(xué)家工作方式的渴望。有了這些，就很容易鼓勵(lì)以后的閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)。本段指出應(yīng)該如何的進(jìn)行良好的教學(xué)。根據(jù)這篇文章，我們可以有把握地說，這篇文章的主題是需要好的科學(xué)教學(xué)。故選A?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thefirstoftheseattitudesseemstoefromakindofcoursewhichprovidesvariouskindsofinformation;thesecond,fromatrainingcourseonhowtopassexaminationsthatdonotaskaboutthestudent’sunderstandingbutsimplyrequirehimtoputthenumbersintherightformulas(公式).Neithertypeofcourses(inschoolorcollege)seemstogivestudentsanunderstandingofscienceaswefinditamongscientists.”第一種態(tài)度似乎來自于一種提供各種信息的課程;第二種是關(guān)于如何通過考試的培訓(xùn)課程，這些課程不詢問學(xué)生的理解程度，而只是要求他把數(shù)字用正確的公式表示。無論是學(xué)校還是大學(xué)的課程，似乎都不能像我們?cè)诳茖W(xué)家身上看到的那樣，讓學(xué)生們理解科學(xué)?？芍己玫目茖W(xué)教學(xué)應(yīng)該是幫助學(xué)生對(duì)科學(xué)有良好的認(rèn)識(shí)和形成正確的態(tài)度。故選C。【43題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Governors,lawyersandbusinessleadershavetodealwithscientists,andeveryeducatedpersonfindshisviewsaffectedbyscience.”州長(zhǎng)、律師和商界領(lǐng)袖都必須與科學(xué)家打交道，而每一個(gè)受過教育的人都發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的觀點(diǎn)受到了科學(xué)的影響。第二段“Neithertypeofcourses(inschoolorcollege)seemstogivestudentsanunderstandingofscienceaswefinditamongscientists.Neithershowsstudentshowrealscientistsworkandthink,howthefactsaregathered,howdiscoveriesaremade,andwhattheymean.”無論是學(xué)校還是大學(xué)的課程，似乎都不能像我們?cè)诳茖W(xué)家身上看到的那樣，讓學(xué)生們理解科學(xué)這兩個(gè)都沒有向?qū)W生展示真正的科學(xué)家是如何工作和思考的，事實(shí)是如何收集的，發(fā)現(xiàn)是如何產(chǎn)生的，以及它們的意思?？赏浦茖W(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)并應(yīng)用于幫助人們過上更舒適、穩(wěn)定和安全的生活。故州長(zhǎng)、律師和商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖與科學(xué)家打交道主要是因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)并應(yīng)用于幫助人們過上更舒適、穩(wěn)定和安全的生活。故選B。CWhatshouldyouthinkaboutwhenyoutrytofindyourcareer?Youareprobablybetteratsomeschoolsubjectsthanothers.Thesemayshowstrengthsthatyoucanuseinyourwork.Aboywhoisgoodatmathematicscanusethatinengineeringcareer.AgirlwhospellswellandlikesEnglishmaybegoodatofficework.Soitisimportanttoknowthesubjectsyoudowellinatschool.Ontheotherhand,youmaynothaveanyspeciallystrongorweaksubjectsbutyourrecordsshowageneralsatisfactorystandard.Althoughnotallsubjectscanbeuseddirectlyinajob,theymayhaveindirectvalue.Yourschoolmayhavetaughtyouskills,suchastypingortechnicaldrawing,whichyoucanuseinyourwork.Youmaybegoodatmentalworkorcookeryandlookforajobwhereyoucanimprovetheseskills.IfyouhavehadaparttimejobonSaturdayorinthesummer,thinkwhatyougainedfromit.Ifnothingelse,youmayhavelearnedhowtogettoworkontime,tofollowinstructionsandtogetonwitholderworkers.Youmayhavelearnedtogivecorrectchangeinashop,forexample.Justasimportant,youmaybeeinterestedinaparticularindustryorcareeryouseefromtheinsideinaparttimejob.Facingyourweakpointsisalsopartofknowingyourself.Youmaybeallthumbswhenyouhandletools;perhapsyouareapoorspellerorcannotaddupacolumnoffigures.Itisbittertofaceanyweaknessesthantopretendtheydonotexist.Yourschoolrecord,forinstance,maynotbetoogood,yetitisanimportantpartofyourbackground.Youshouldnotfeelsorryaboutitbutinsteadrecognizethatyouwillhaveachanceofafreshstartatwork.44.Thefirstparagraphofthepassageismainlyabout________.A.theindirectvalueofschoolworkB.theimportanceofbeinggoodatallsubjectsC.knowingone’sstrongorweaksubjectsatschoolD.usingschoolperformancetohelptochooseacareer45.Inthewriter’sopinion,forastudenttohaveaparttimejobisprobably________.A.agoodwaytofindouthisweakpointsB.oneofthebestwaysofearningextramoneyC.ofgreatuseforhisworkinthefutureD.awasteoftimehecouldhavespentonstudy46.Ifastudent’sschoolrecordisnotgood,accordingtothepassage,he________.A.maydowellinhisfutureworkB.won’tbeabletofindasuitablejobC.maybeapletefailureinthefutureD.willregretnothavingworkedharderatschool47.Thewholepassagecenterson________.AknowingoneselfinlookingforajobB.developingone’sabilitiesusefulinschoolC.gainingmuchknowledgebyworkinghardatschoolD.choosingacareeraccordingtowhatoneisskilledin【答案】44.D45.C46.A47.D【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要從幾個(gè)方面討論了要根據(jù)自己的技能選擇職業(yè)?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Youareprobablybetteratsomeschoolsubjectsthanothers.Thesemayshowstrengthsthatyoucanuseinyourwork.Aboywhoisgoodatmathematicscanusethatinengineeringcareer.AgirlwhospellswellandlikesEnglishmaybegoodatofficework.Soitisimportanttoknowthesubjectsyoudowellinatschool.”（你在學(xué)校的某些科目可能比別人好。這些可能會(huì)顯示出你可以在工作中使用的優(yōu)勢(shì)。一個(gè)擅長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)的男孩可以在工程生涯中使用它。一個(gè)擅長(zhǎng)拼寫和喜歡英語的女孩可能擅長(zhǎng)辦公室工作。所以，了解你在學(xué)校擅長(zhǎng)的科目是很重要的。）可知，文章第一段主要講述了利用在校表現(xiàn)來幫助選擇職業(yè)。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“IfyouhavehadaparttimejobonSaturdayorinthesummer,thinkwhatyougainedfromit.Ifnothingelse,youmayhavelearnedhowtogettoworkontime,tofollowinstructionsandtogetonwitholderworkers.”（如果你在周六或夏天有一份兼職工作，想想你從中得到了什么。如果沒有別的，你可能已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了如何準(zhǔn)時(shí)上班，如何聽從指示，以及如何與年長(zhǎng)的員工相處。）可推知，對(duì)于一個(gè)學(xué)生來說，做兼職工作可能對(duì)他將來的工作很有用處。故選C?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Yourschoolrecord,forinstance,maynotbetoogood,yetitisanimportantpartofyourbackground.Youshouldnotfeelsorryaboutitbutinsteadrecognizethatyouwillhaveachanceofafreshstartatwork.”（例如，你的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)也許不太好，但它卻是你背景中重要的一部分。你不應(yīng)該為此感到難過，而應(yīng)該意識(shí)到你將有一個(gè)重新開始工作的機(jī)會(huì)。）由此判斷出，如果一個(gè)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)不好，根據(jù)文章，他可能在未來的工作中做得很好。故選A?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Whatshouldyouthinkaboutwhenyoutrytofindyourcareer?Youareprobablybetteratsomeschoolsubjectsthanothers.Thesemayshowstrengthsthatyoucanuseinyourwork.Aboywhoisgoodatmathematicscanusethatinengineeringcareer.AgirlwhospellswellandlikesEnglishmaybegoodatofficework.Soitisimportanttoknowthesubjectsyoudowellinatschool.”（當(dāng)你試圖找到你職業(yè)時(shí)，你應(yīng)該考慮什么?你在學(xué)校的某些科目可能比別人好。這些可能會(huì)顯示出你可以在工作中使用的優(yōu)勢(shì)。一個(gè)擅長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)的男孩可以在工程生涯中使用它。一個(gè)擅長(zhǎng)拼寫和喜歡英語的女孩可能擅長(zhǎng)辦公室工作。所以，了解你在學(xué)校擅長(zhǎng)的科目是很重要的。根據(jù)第二段“Yourschoolmayhavetaughtyouskills,suchastypingortechnicaldrawing,whichyoucanuseinyourwork.”你的學(xué)校可能會(huì)教你一些技能，比如打字或技術(shù)制圖，這些技能你可以在工作中用到。根據(jù)第三段“Justasimportant,youmaybeeinterestedinaparticularindustryorcareeryouseefromtheinsideinaparttimejob.”同樣重要的是，你可能會(huì)對(duì)你從兼職工作中看到的某個(gè)特定行業(yè)或職業(yè)感興趣。根據(jù)最后一段“Facingyourweakpointsisalsopartofknowingyourself.”面對(duì)自己的弱點(diǎn)也是了解自己的一部分。可知，文章主要討論的是根據(jù)自己的技能選擇職業(yè)。故選D。DFiveyearsago,DavidSmithworeanexpensivesuittoworkeveryday.“Iwasaclothesaddict,”hejokes.“IusedtocarryafreshsuittoworkwithmesoIcouldchangeifmyclothesgotwrinkled.”TodayDavidwearscasualclotheskhakipantsandsportsshirttotheoffice.Hehardlyeverwearsanecktie.“I’mworkingharderthanever,”Davidsays,“andIneedtofeelfortable.”MoreandmorepaniesareallowingtheirofficeworkerstowearcasualclothestoworkintheUnitedStates.Thechangefromformaltocasualofficewearhasbeengradual.Intheearly1990s,manypaniesallowedtheiremployeestowearcasualclothesonFriday(butonlyonFriday).Thisbecameknownas“dressdownFriday”of“casualFriday”.“Whatstartedoutasanextraonedayaweekbenefitforemployeeshasreallybeeaneverydaything.”saidbusinessconsultantMaislyJones.Whyhavesomanypaniesstartedallowingtheiremployeestowearcasualclothes?Onereasonisthatit’seasierforapanytoattractnewemployeesifithasacasualdresscode.“Alotofyoungpeopledon’twanttodressupforwork,”saystheownerofasoftwarepany,“soit’shardtohirepeopleifyouhaveaconservativedresscode.”Anotherreasonisthatpeopleseemhappierandmoreproductivewhentheyarewearingfortableclothes.InastudyconductedbyLeviStraussandpany,85percentofemployerssaidthattheybelievethatcasualdressimprovesemployeemorale.Only4percentofemployerssaidthatcasualdresshasanegativeimpactonproductivity.Supportersofcasualofficewearalsoarguethatacasualdresscodehelpsthemsavemoney.“Suitsareexpensive,ifyouhavetowearoneeveryday,”onepersonsaid.“Forthesameamountofmoney,youcanbuyalotmorecasualclothes.”48.DavidSmithreferstohimselfashavingbeen“aclothesaddict,”because_______.A.heoftenworekhakipantsandasportsshirtB.hecouldn’tstandacleanappearanceC.hewantedhisclothestolookneatallthetimeD.hedidn’twanttospendmuchmoneyonclothes49.Accordingtot