浙江省北斗星盟2023-2024學年高三上學期12月階段性聯(lián)考英語試題

絕密★考試結(jié)束前2023學年第一學期浙江北斗星盟階段性聯(lián)考高二年級英語試題考生須知：1．本卷共7頁滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘;2．答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級、學號和姓名;考場號、座位號寫在指定位置;3．所有答案必須寫在答題紙上，寫在試卷上無效;4．考試結(jié)束后，只需上交答題紙。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】WherearetheParkApartments?A.Wedon’tknow. B.Onthe21stStreet. C.Onthe12thStreet.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Isthetaxitaken?M:No.Whereareyougoing?W:TotheParkApartments.They’reonthe21stStreet.M:Iknowwheretheyare.Getin.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardtheman’sforgetfulness?A.Sheiskindtohim. B.Sheisangrywithhim. C.Sheisworriedabouthim.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:What’swrongwithyou?M:Iforgotallaboutthetwoo’clockmeeting!Tom’sgoingtokillme.W:Oh,Icanseewhyyou’resad.Itcanreallybeannoyingwhensomethingimportantslipsyourmind.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whydoesn’tthewomanliketohaveredwine?A.Becausesheprefersbeer.B.Becauseshedoesn’tlikeitstaste.C.Becausesheisafraidofgettingdrunk.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Wouldyouliketohavesomeredwine?W:No,thanks.I’dratherhavetea.IdranksomeredwinelastFridaywhenwewereatmymum’sbirthdayparty.Itwastoosweet.M:OK.Ateaforyouandabeerforme.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Howdothecatandthedoggetalong?A.Inafriendlyway.B.Theyoftenfightagainsteachother.C.Theydon’tseemtolikeeachother.【答案】C【解析】原文】W:Thecatandthedogseemtogetalongwelltogether.M:Theydon’tfightbuttheydon’tpayattentiontoeachother.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethetwotalkingabout?A.Howtouseadictionary.B.ReadingEnglishnewspapers.C.StudyingEnglishwithateacher.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:DidyouunderstandEnglishnewspaperswithouthelpfromyourteacher?M:Yes,Ididquitewell,butIhadtolookupsomenewwords.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.WhoisgoingtoNewYorkattheweekend?A.Kate. B.Jack’sbrother. C.KateandJack’sbrother.7.WhatisthewomangoingtodoinNewYork?A.Tovisitafriend. B.Tovisitateacher. C.Tovisitarelative.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Kate.MindifIjoinyou?W:Notatall.Haveaseat,Jack.M:Haveyougotanyplansfortheweekend?W:Yeah,I’mreallyexcited.I’mgoingtoNewYorkforacoupleofdays.M:Oh,mybrotherisgoingtheretoo.Areyoudriving?Maybeyoutwocouldgotogether.W:No.I’mgoingtotakethetrain.I’vealreadygotmyticket.M:So,whatareyougoingtodoinNewYork?W:I’mvisitingafriend.Oh,hereesthebus.I’vegottoleave.Bye.M:Bye.聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whataretheytalkingaboutintheconversation?A.TeaproductioninBritain.B.Bettingonsportsandgames.C.SomehabitsoftheBritishpeople.9.HowmanyteabreaksarethereinBritaineveryday?A.Two. B.Four. C.Three.10.Howmuchoftheworld’steaproductiondotheBritishconsume?A.1/2. B.1/3. C.1/4.【答案】8.C9.A10.C【解析】【原文】W:DoyouknowwhatBritishpeoplearefondof?M:Ihavesomeideas.TheBritishpeoplelovetobetonthings.Theymainlybetonhorseracingandbingo.Horseracingisagamblingsportwhilebingoisabettinggame.W:DrinkingisanotherhabitoftheBritishpeople.Mostmenhavethehabitofdrinkingbeer,wineandotherthings.M:Thereisanotherkindofdrinking,thedrinkingoftea.Everydaytherearetwoteabreaks,whichlastfifteentotwentyminutes:oneinthemorningandtheotherintheafternoon.Somefactorieshavetearoomsforworkers.W:ItisnowonderthattheBritisharethebiggestteadrinkersintheworld,andconsumeaquarteroftheworld’stea.聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】11.Whydidthewomanwanttotalktotheman?A.Shewasinterestedinforeigners.B.ShewantedtobeabletoteachEnglishbetter.C.Sheplannedtowriteabouttheeveningschool.12.Whendidtheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthemorning. B.Intheafternoon. C.Intheevening.13.WhatdidthemanthinkthathewaspoorintalkingabouthisEnglish?A.Speaking. B.Writing. C.Grammar.【答案】11.C12.C13.A【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,I’mastudentofthisschoolduringtheday.I’mwritingareportfortheschoolnewspaper.It’sabouttheeveningschool.CanIaskyouafewquestions?M:OK.Thereareabouttenminutesbeforemyclassesbegin.W:Thanks.Well,whereareyoufrom?Andwhendidyouetothiscountry?M:I’mfromRussia.Icameherewithmywifeandchildrenlastyear.W:DidyouknowanyEnglishbeforeyouarrivedinWashington?M:Yes,Idid.IlearnedEnglishinthemiddleschool.W:HowareyougettingalongwithyourEnglishnow?M:Myreading,writingandgrammarareOK,butIhavesomeproblemstalkingtoAmericans.Itseemsthattheydon’tliketotalktopeoplelikeme.W:I’msorry.IknowsomeAmericansdon’ttrytounderstandforeigners.That’stoobad.Err...Well,doyouhaveajob?M:Yes,Ido.Iworkinashop.W:Isee.Well,Ihavefinishedmyquestions.Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp.M:Youarewele.聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】14Whathadthetwospeakersplannedtodo?A.Togotothemovies. B.Togooutfordinner. C.Tostudyforamathexam.15.Whatdoesthegirlasktheboytodo?A.Togowithouther. B.TocallAliceandBill. C.Tohelpherwithhermath.16.Whatdoestheboythinkaboutmissingthemovie?A.Hedoesn’tcare.B.Hedoesn’twanttoseeitanyway.C.He’sunhappyaboutmissingthemovie.【答案】14.A15.C16.C【解析】【原文】W:Aren’twesupposedtogotothemovieswithAliceandBilltonight?M:Yes.Itoldthemwe’dmeetthematthemallatseventhirty.W:Well,maybeyoushouldn’thavetoldthemwecouldgotonight.Ihaveallthishomeworktodo.M:Iwasreallylookingforwardtoseeingthismovie.CanIdosomethingtohelpyou?W:Thatwouldbegreat!Couldyouhelpmewiththesemathproblems?M:Ithinkso—ifIcanrememberwhatIlearnedinschool.Itwasalongtimeago,youknow.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】17.WhatwilltheweatherbelikeintheNortheastofEngland?A.Dryandcold. B.Warmandwindy. C.Mistyandrainy.18.WhatwillthetemperaturebeinWales?A.Aroundsixorsevendegrees.B.Aroundthreeorfourdegrees.C.Aroundtenorelevendegrees.19.WhatwilltheweatherbelikeintheMidlands?A.Hot. B.Fine. C.Windy.20.WhatwillthelowesttemperaturebeinNorthernIreland?A.Minusten. B.Minusfive. C.Minusfour.【答案】17.A18.B19.B20.A【解析】【原文】Here’stheweatherforecastforthenexttwentyfourhours.I’lldividethecountryintofour,startingwiththeNorthwestandtheNortheastofEngland.Well,there’llbesomeearlymorningmist,andafterthatit’llbemainlydryandsunny,withatemperatureofaroundsixorseven.Itshouldstaydryallday,butthere’llbequiteawind.AndnowtheSouthwestandWales.Youcanexpectsomeraininthemorningandintheafternoon.Theremightbesomestorms,aswell,withthunderandlightning.Thetemperaturewillbelowerthanyesterday,aroundthreeorfourdegrees.Idon’tthinkyou’llseemuchsun.Cloudyallday,I’mafraid.TheSoutheastandtheMidlandswillseethebestoftoday’sweather.It’llbewarmerthanyesterday,nowindandsunshinenearlyallday,withthetemperaturearoundtenoreleven,soit’squitewarmforthistimeofyear.InScotlandandNorthernIreland,however,there’llbeaheavyrainandmaybesomesnowduringtheafternoon,andonthehillsthetemperaturewilldroptobelowfreezing,minusfourorfive,andonthehighestspotsitmaydroptominusten.Andthat’sallfromme.Thankyouforlistening.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。AWHENCHOCOLATEBEESAWORKOFART!Chocolateisdelicious,weallknowthat.Butitisn’tjustforeating,asthesechocolateworksofartclearlyshow.ChocolateMailboxIn2011,chocolatepanyGodivamadeachocolatemailboxwithwhitetruffleheartstocelebrateValentine’sDay.ThemailboxwasondisplayatitsshoponFifthAvenueinNewYorkCity.Customerscouldposttheirlovelettersthere,andthepanywouldstampandmailthemforfreeduringthethreeweeksleadinguptoValentine’sDay.ChocolateCouchIn2009,chocolatepanyGalaxyused250kgoftheirownchocolatetomakeachocolatecouch.Thecouchwasapartoftheir“IrresistibleReads”campaign,whichwasdesignedtopromotereading.ItwasputondisplayinVictoriaEmbankmentGardensinLondon.PhotosweretakenofBritishTVactressEmiliaFoxsittingonthecouchreadingabook.ChocolateHotelSuiteIn2011,FrenchchocolatierPatrickRogerworkedwithfashioniconKarlLagerfeld.Theroom,attheLaReservehotelinParis,hadachocolatecarpet,chocolatebedandchocolatenightstandfullofchocolatebooks.SittingonthebedwasachocolatemaneatingaMagnumicecream.ChocolateTreeIn2012,PatrickRogermadeafivemetretreefromfivetonsofchocolate.Thesculpture,whichwasatRoger’sshopinParis,evenhadchocolatemonkeyshangingfromchocolatebranches.RogerwantedtoraiseawarenessoftheproblemsfacingAfricanwildlife.21.HowmuchchocolatewasneededtomakeaChocolateCouchaccordingtothepassage?A.600kg. B.250kg. C.5tons. D.12meters.22.Whichofthefollowingappealstowildlifeprotectorsmost?A.ChocolateWall. B.ChocolateHotelSuite.C.ChocolateTree. D.ChocolateMailbox.23.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanthepassagebefound?A.Sports. B.Science. C.Culture. D.Fashion.【答案】21.B22.C23.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了四個用巧克力制成的藝術(shù)品?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ChocolateCouch”下面的“In2009,chocolatepanyGalaxyused250kgoftheirownchocolatetomakeachocolatecouch.(2009年，巧克力公司Galaxy用250千克自己的巧克力制作了一張巧克力沙發(fā)。)”可知，巧克力沙發(fā)需要250千克的巧克力。故選B?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ChocolateTree”下面的“RogerwantedtoraiseawarenessoftheproblemsfacingAfricanwildlife.(Roger希望提高人們對非洲野生動物面臨的問題的認識。)”可知，Roger制作巧克力樹是為了讓人們關(guān)注非洲野生動物面臨的問題，這與動物保護有關(guān)，由此可推測，這最有可能吸引野生動物保護者。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Chocolateisdelicious,weallknowthat.Butitisn’tjustforeating,asthesechocolateworksofartclearlyshow.(巧克力很美味，我們都知道。但正如這些巧克力藝術(shù)品清楚地表明的那樣，這不僅僅是為了吃。)”并結(jié)合下文可知，本文主要介紹了四個用巧克力制成的藝術(shù)品，這屬于文化范疇，因此最有可能在報紙的“文化”欄目找到。故選C。BLosinganeyemightbeanunthinkablething,especiallyforayoungwoman,butnotforXintong.Shechosetobeeanocularist(義眼師)whomakesprostheticeyes(義眼)forherselfandpeopleinthesamesituationtohelpthemgetbacktheirconfidence.Xintongisthenamethatshegavetoherself–whichshepreferspeopletocallherinsteadofherrealname–because“xintong”inChinesesoundslike“newpupils”.Nearly10yearsafterlosingherrighteyeinacaraccident,28yearoldXintongfromBeijingtransformedthehollowofhereyesocket–a“flaw”sheusedtohide–intoafashionstatement.Shesharedashortvideoonlineinwhichshewearsaglowingprostheticeye.Asshewavesherhand,theprostheticeyebeginstoshinewithredlight.Withanotherwave,thelightchangestogreenandthenpurpleandwhite.Thevideosoonwentviralonsocialmedia,withmanymentspraisingherforbeing“creative”,“beautiful”and“optimistic”.Butthatwasn’tthecase10yearsago.“TheprostheticeyeIworeatthattimewastorturingme,”Xintongsaid.“Ithurtandgavemearedandswolleneyesocket,anditlookedsodullandfake.IwasyoungandIwantedtolookattractive.”Shetookmattersintoherownhandsandbeganresearchingprostheticeyes.Beginningin2019,shededicatedabouttwoyearstomasteringtheproductiontechniquesandskillsundertheguidanceofanocularist.Thisjourneyledhertoestablishherownprostheticeyestudio,providingpersonalizedservicesforthoserequiringthem.Sheproducesprostheticeyesasifsheiscreatingpiecesofartwork.“Theposition,direction,andevenstrokethicknessofthebloodstreaksontheprostheticeyeballsmatter,”theocularistsaid.Sometimesshealsopaintsspecialpatternsaccordingtocustomers’needs:twinklingstars,cartooncharacterslikeCardcaptorSakuraandeffectslikecoloredcontactlenses.NowwhenXintonghearshercustomerssaywordssuchas“Finally,Icanacceptmyself”or“NowIfeelfreetotakeselfies”,shefeelsdeeplymoved.24.WhydidXintonggivethename“Xintong”toherself?A.Toattractmorepeople. B.Toforgetherrealname.C.Tolooklikenewpupils. D.Tostartabrandnewlife.25.Whydidthevideogainmuchpopularityonsocialmedia?A.Theprostheticeyeshadvariouscolors.B.Shecuredherhollowbywavingherhand.C.Manymentspraisedherforherbeauty.D.Shechangeda“flaw”intoafashionablestate.26.WhatcanwelearnaboutXintongfromparagraph5?A.Shefailedtosetupherownprostheticeyestudio.B.Shebeganresearchingprostheticeyesonherown.C.Shewasabletooffersomespecificservicesonprostheticeyes.D.Shepaidnoattentiontograspingtheproductiontechniquesandskills.27.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Xintongisawomanwithdeterminationandcreativity.B.BeinganocularisthelpedXintonggainmuchprofit.C.Xintonglostallherhopesinherlifeafterthecaraccident.D.ManycustomersaredeeplymovedbyXintong’sartworks.【答案】24.D25.D26.C27.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述了義眼師昕瞳的經(jīng)歷?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“Xintongisthenamethatshegavetoherself–whichshepreferspeopletocallherinsteadofherrealname–because“xintong”inChinesesoundslike“newpupils”.(昕瞳是她給自己取的名字，她更喜歡別人叫她昕瞳，而不是她的真名，因為“昕瞳”在中文里聽起來像“新學生”。)”可知，她給自己取這個名字是因為她希望開始全新的生活。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段中“Thevideosoonwentviralonsocialmedia,withmanymentspraisingherforbeing“creative”,“beautiful”and“optimistic”.(這段視頻很快在社交媒體上瘋傳，許多評論稱贊她“有創(chuàng)意”、“美麗”、“樂觀”。)”可知，這段視頻在社交媒體上大受歡迎，是因為她把一個“缺點”變成了時髦的狀態(tài)。故選D?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章第五段中“Shetookmattersintoherownhandsandbeganresearchingprostheticeyes.Beginningin2019,shededicatedabouttwoyearstomasteringtheproductiontechniquesandskillsundertheguidanceofanocularist.Thisjourneyledhertoestablishherownprostheticeyestudio,providingpersonalizedservicesforthoserequiringthem.(她自己動手，開始研究假眼。從2019年開始，她花了大約兩年的時間在眼科醫(yī)生的指導下掌握制作技術(shù)和技能。這段旅程讓她建立了自己的假眼工作室，為有需要的人提供個性化的服務(wù)。)”可知，她能夠提供一些關(guān)于假眼的特殊服務(wù)。故選C?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段中“Losinganeyemightbeanunthinkablething,especiallyforayoungwoman,butnotforXintong.Shechosetobeeanocularist(義眼師)whomakesprostheticeyes(義眼)forherselfandpeopleinthesamesituationtohelpthemgetbacktheirconfidence.(失去一只眼睛可能是一件難以想象的事情，尤其是對一個年輕女子來說，但對欣彤來說卻不是。她選擇成為一名眼科醫(yī)生，為自己和有同樣情況的人制作假眼，幫助他們重拾信心。)”和倒數(shù)第二段中“Sheproducesprostheticeyesasifsheiscreatingpiecesofartwork.“Theposition,direction,andevenstrokethicknessofthebloodstreaksontheprostheticeyeballsmatter,”theocularistsaid.Sometimesshealsopaintsspecialpatternsaccordingtocustomers’needs:twinklingstars,cartooncharacterslikeCardcaptorSakuraandeffectslikecoloredcontactlenses.(她制作假眼就像在創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)品一樣。眼科醫(yī)生說:“假眼球上血痕的位置、方向，甚至筆畫的厚度都很重要。”有時，她還會根據(jù)顧客的需求畫一些特殊的圖案：閃爍的星星、卡通人物，如CardcaptorSakura，以及彩色隱形眼鏡等效果。)”可知，昕瞳是一個有決心和創(chuàng)造力的女人。故選A。CPeople’slikelihoodofbeingvegetarianseemstobeinfluencedbyseveralgeneticvariants,andtwoofthethreemostimportantgenesfoundsofarappeartobeinvolvedinfatmetabolism(新陳代謝).Geneticfactorsareknowntoinfluenceaspectsofdiet,suchaswhetherpeoplelikecoffeeoralcohol.Toseeifgenesalsoaffectvegetarianism,NabeelYaseenatNorthwesternUniversityinChicagoandhisteamturnedtodataonabout5300strictvegetariansand330,000meateaters.Theyfoundthatthreegenevariantsweremoremoninvegetarians.Two,calledNPC1andRMC1,areinvolvedinthetransportandmetabolismofcholesterolandotherfattymolecules.Thethirdgene,calledRIOK3,hasvariousfunctions,includingaffectingtheimmunesystem.Itisn’tknownhowthesegenesmayrelatetovegetarianism.Butoneofthechiefdifferencesbetweenanimalbasedfoodsandplantbasedonesisthechemicalmakeupoftheirfatsoroils,collectivelyknownaslipids(油脂).Yaseenconcludethatsomepeoplemayfunctionbetteronavegetariandietbecausetheyaremoreabletosynthesize(合成)certainlipidmoleculesthatarepresentinmeat.Somepeoplewhotryvegetarianismbutgiveupmaybedoingsobecausetheirbodybeesdeficientintheessentiallipids,saysYaseen.“Theydecidethatthisdietisnotforthemorgraduallygobackintoanomnivore(雜食)diet.Somepeoplemightthinktheyjustdon’thavethewillpower.”Anotherpossibilityisthattheapparentlyvegetarianismpromotinggenevariantsaffectpeople’staste.“Alotofinformationaboutgenesisyettobeknown,”Yaseensays.RichardMcIlwainattheUKVegetarianSocietysaysthenumberofvegetarianshasalmostdoubledintheUKbetween2012and2019.“Thatwouldseemtosuggestsomethingotherthanpotentialgeneticfactorsareatplay,”hesays.“Peoplegovegetarianbecause,moreandmore,theyareconcernedaboutclimate,aboutanimalwelfareorabouttheirhealth,”hesays,whicharemoreimportantdeterminantsthanphysiologicalfactors.28.What’stheeffectofRIOK3?A.Toaffectthemetabolismofcholesterol. B.Toinfluencetheimmunesystem.C.Toshiftcholesterolandfattymolecules. D.Toaffectthedietofvegetarianism.29.AccordingtoYaseen’sstudy,whoaremorelikelytoproducelipidmoleculesappearinginmeat?A.Omnivores. B.Meateaters. C.Vegetarians. D.Weightlosers.30.Whatdoestheunderlineword“deficient”inparagraph4mean?A.lacking. B.limited. C.rich. D.enough.31.WhichofthefollowingmightRichardagreemost?A.Geneticfactorsarethedecisivereasonsforbeingavegetarian.B.Thepopularityofvegetarianismhasbeenonasharpincreaseglobally.C.Peoplechoosetobeavegetarianmainlyforethicalandhealthconcerns.D.Somepeoplefailtobeavegetarianbecausetheytendtogiveuphalfway.【答案】28.B29.C30.A31.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。幾種基因變異可能促使人們成為素食主義者，迄今為止發(fā)現(xiàn)的三種最重要的基因中有兩種似乎與脂肪代謝有關(guān)?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thethirdgene,calledRIOK3,hasvariousfunctions,includingaffectingtheimmunesystem.(第三個基因被稱為RIOK3，具有多種功能，包括影響免疫系統(tǒng)。)”可知，RIOK3可以影響免疫系統(tǒng)。故選B。【29題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Yaseenconcludethatsomepeoplemayfunctionbetteronavegetariandietbecausetheyaremoreabletosynthesize(合成)certainlipidmoleculesthatarepresentinmeat.(Yaseen總結(jié)道，有些人素食可能會更好，因為他們更能合成肉類中存在的某些脂質(zhì)分子。)”可知，素食主義者更能合成肉類中存在的脂質(zhì)分子。故選C?！?0題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Yaseenconcludethatsomepeoplemayfunctionbetteronavegetariandietbecausetheyaremoreabletosynthesize(合成)certainlipidmoleculesthatarepresentinmeat.(Yaseen總結(jié)道，有些人素食可能會更好，因為他們更能合成肉類中存在的某些脂質(zhì)分子。)”可知，有些人素食可能會更好，因為他們更能合成肉類中存在的某些脂質(zhì)分子。再結(jié)合畫線詞所在句中的“Somepeoplewhotryvegetarianismbutgiveup”可推測出，嘗試素食卻放棄的人與素食時表現(xiàn)更好的人相比，前者應(yīng)該是缺少后者更能合成的脂質(zhì)分子，deficient意為“缺乏的”，與lacking意思最接近。故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“‘Peoplegovegetarianbecause,moreandmore,theyareconcernedaboutclimate,aboutanimalwelfareorabouttheirhealth,’hesays,whicharemoreimportantdeterminantsthanphysiologicalfactors.(他說：‘人們之所以吃素，是因為他們越來越關(guān)心氣候、動物福利或健康，’這些都是比生理因素更重要的決定因素。)”可知，人們選擇吃素是因為他們越來越關(guān)心氣候、動物福利或健康，而這些因素是比生理因素更重要的決定因素，由此可推測出，人們選擇成為素食主義者主要是因為關(guān)心道德和健康。故選C。DTherainforestsarealivewiththesoundofanimals.Besidesthepleasureofthedin,itisalsousefultoecologists.Ifyouwanttomeasurethebiodiversityofapieceofland,listeningoutforanimalcallsismucheasierthandiggingaboutintheundergrowthlookingfortracks.Butsuch“bioacousticanalysis”isstilltimeconsuming,anditrequiresanexpertpairofears.InapaperpublishedonOctober17thinNaturemunications,agroupofresearchersledbyJ?rgMüller,anecologistattheUniversityofWürzburg,describeabetterway:haveaputerdothejob.Smartphoneappsalreadyexistthatwillidentifybirds,batsormammalssimplybylisteningtothesoundstheymake.Theirideawastoapplytheprincipletoconservationwork.Theresearcherstookrecordingsfromacross43sitesintheEcuadoreanrainforest.Soundrecordingsweretakenfourtimeseveryhour,overtwoweeks.Thevariouscallswereidentifiedmanuallybyanexpert,andthenusedtoconstructalistofthespeciespresent.Asexpected,thelongerthelandhadbeenfreefromagriculturalactivity,thegreaterthebiodiversityithosted.Thenitwastheputer’sturn.Theresearchersfedtheirrecordingstoartificialintelligencemodelsthathadbeentrained,usingsoundsamplesfromelsewhereinEcuador,toidentify75birdspeciesfromtheircalls.“WefoundthattheAItoolscouldidentifythesoundsaswellastheexperts,”saysDrMüller.Ofcourse,noteverythinginarainforestmakesanoise.DrMüllerandhiscolleaguesusedlighttrapstocapturenightflyinginsects,andDNAanalysistoidentifythem.Reassuringly,theyfoundthatthediversityofnoisyanimalswasareliableproxy(指標)forthediversityofthequieterones,too.Theresultsmayhaverelevanceoutsideecologydepartments,too.Underpressurefromtheircustomers,firmssuchasL’Oreal,amakeuppany,andShell,anoilfirm,havebeenspendingmoneyonforestrestorationprojectsaroundtheworld.DrMüllerhopesthatanautomatedapproachtocheckingontheresultscouldhelpmonitorsuchefforts,andgiveastandardizedwaytomeasurewhethertheyareworkingaswellastheirsponsorssay.32.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDrMüller’smethodofbioacousticanalysis?A.Costly. B.Impractical. C.Hightech. D.Laborconsuming.33.WhatcanwelearnfromtheresearchofDrMüller?A.Thespeciesintherainforestshaveincreased.B.Agriculturalactivitynegativelyinfluencedtherichnessinspecies.C.TherearemorereliablesoundrecordingsinEcuadoreanrainforest.D.TrainedAImodelscanidentifyasmanykindsofsoundsasexperts.34.WhydidtheDrMüllerandhiscolleaguesdothesurveyinParagraph5?A.Tofigureoutthespeciesofquieteranimals.B.Toconfirmthebiodiversityofthequieteranimals.C.Toemphasizethebiodiversityofthenoisyanimals.D.Toparethenoisyanimalsandthequieterones.35.What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Theinvestmentinbioacousticanalysis.B.Theimportanceofforestrestorationprojects.C.Thestandardtomeasuretheautomatedapproach.D.Theresearch’simpactonforestrestorationprojects.【答案】32.C33.B34.B35.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了研究人員發(fā)明了讓計算機來進行動物聲音識別的工作，解釋了其工作原理以及應(yīng)用情況?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“InapaperpublishedonOctober17thinNaturemunications,agroupofresearchersledbyJ?rgMüller,anecologistattheUniversityofWürzburg,describeabetterway:haveaputerdothejob.(在10月17日發(fā)表在《自然通訊》雜志上的一篇論文中，由維爾茨堡大學的生態(tài)學家J?rgMüller領(lǐng)導的一組研究人員描述了一種更好的方法：讓計算機來完成這項工作。)”可知，J?rgMüller博士的生物聲學分析方法運用了高科技。故選C?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中“Asexpected,thelongerthelandhadbeenfreefromagriculturalactivity,thegreaterthebiodiversityithosted.(正如預(yù)期那樣，土地遠離農(nóng)業(yè)活動的時間越長，它所承載的生物多樣性就越大。)”可知，農(nóng)業(yè)活動對物種豐富度產(chǎn)生了負面影響。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第五段“Ofcourse,noteverythinginarainforestmakesanoise.DrMüllerandhiscolleaguesusedlighttrapstocapturenightflyinginsects,andDNAanalysistoidentifythem.Reassuringly,theyfoundthatthediversityofnoisyanimalswasareliableproxy(指標)forthediversityofthequieterones,too.(當然，不是雨林里的所有東西都會發(fā)出聲音。J?rgMüller博士和他的同事們用捕光器捕捉夜間飛行的昆蟲，并通過DNA分析來識別它們。令人欣慰的是，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)吵鬧動物的多樣性也是安靜動物多樣性的可靠代表。)”可知，J?rgMüller博士和他的同事做第5段的調(diào)查是為了確認安靜動物的生物多樣性。故選B。【35題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章最后一段“Theresultsmayhaverelevanceoutsideecologydepartments,too.Underpressurefromtheircustomers,firmssuchasL’Oreal,amakeuppany,andShell,anoilfirm,havebeenspendingmoneyonforestrestorationprojectsaroundtheworld.DrMüllerhopesthatanautomatedapproachtocheckingontheresultscouldhelpmonitorsuchefforts,andgiveastandardizedwaytomeasurewhethertheyareworkingaswellastheirsponsorssay.(研究結(jié)果可能也與生態(tài)部門以外的部門有關(guān)。在客戶的壓力下，化妝品公司歐萊雅和石油公司殼牌等公司已經(jīng)在世界各地的森林恢復項目上投入了資金。J?rgMüller博士希望一種自動檢查結(jié)果的方法可以幫助監(jiān)督這些努力，并提供一種標準化的方法來衡量它們是否像贊助者所說的那樣有效。)”可知，最后一段主要講述了該研究對森林恢復項目的影響。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題,每小題2.5分,共12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Therearetwokindsofpeopleclimbingamountain.Thefirst,theyaresmiling,laughingandfullyenjoyingthejourneynomattertheefforttheyhavetaken.Anothergroup,however,theyarestruggling.Theyhavetostopandcatchtheirbreath10timesonthewayup.____36____It’stheirlifestylechoices.We’llgiveyouthreemainreasonsyourpursuitofhealthandyouththroughlifestylechoicesisanessential.Youshouldbuildastrongfoundationnow.Youprobablyknowpeoplewho’vesurvivedahorrificdisease—anditwassaidthattheirpreexistingphysicalandspiritsstrengthentheirbodiesforbattleandmadethembetterequippedtoendurestresses.That’struewiththerecentCOVID19pandemic:Severecasesaremorelikelyforthosewithpreexistingconditions,suchasobesity,diabetes,heartdisease,chroniclungdiseaseandsoon.____37____Thatis,healthychoiceswillhelppreventchronicdiseaseandsetyouupforalonglife.It’sunclearhowmanyrebootsyou’llget.Perhapsinautopian25thcenturyworld,therewillexistsomeplacesthatallowsyoutowalkintoabooth,pressafewbuttons,anderaseeverycigaretteyou’vesmoked,everycouchyou’vepotatoed,everypotatoyou’veeverfried.____38____Yourabilitytomaximizetheireffectivenesswilldependonyourmitmenttoimprovingyourbiologythroughprovenmeans:nutrition,physicalactivity,sleep,notsmoking,andstressmanagement.____39____Thehumanbrainremainsthefinalbiologicalfrontier.Soevenifscienceultimatelyallowsustocorrectourcells,genes,andothermechanismsthatmakeourbodieswork,whenyourbraingoes,youwilltoo.____40____Andthestepsarethesameasthoseyoucantaketoprotecttherestofyourbody.A.What’sthedifferencebetweenthem?B.Nomatterwhathappens,yourbrainneedsyou.C.Youhavetheabilitytochangehowyourbrainworksandreacts.D.Thesamethinkingwillapplywhenwe’retalkingaboutlongevity.E.SoyouwilldefinitelyselfengineeryourDNAswitchestoprotectyourbrain.F.Yourlongevitydependsmoreontheaggregateofwhatyoudomostofthetime.G.Butforthenearfuture,it’sfarmorelikelythatyourrebootchanceswillbelimited.【答案】36.A37.D38.G39.B40.E【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文，想要追求健康和年輕，對于生活方式的選擇是必不可少的，文章說明了三個原因?！?6題詳解】上文“Thefirst,theyaresmiling,laughingandfullyenjoyingthejourneynomattertheefforttheyhavetaken.Anothergroup,however,theyarestruggling.Theyhavetostopandcatchtheirbreath10timesonthewayup.(第一種，他