Unit1CulturalHeritageDiscoveringUsefulStructures課件高中英語人教版

高中英語新人教版CulturalHeritageB2U1DISCOVERINGusefulstructures（1）通過用關(guān)系代詞\關(guān)系副詞填空練習(xí)，帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生回顧上兩單元所學(xué)習(xí)過的限制性定語從句的知識(shí)，并總結(jié)that\which\who(whom)、whose、where\when\why\oninatwhich等關(guān)系代詞\關(guān)系副詞的定語從句的特點(diǎn)；（2）通過觀察含有that\which\who(whom)、whose、where\when\why\oninatwhich的句子并把句中的關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞畫出來的練習(xí)，能夠?qū)W習(xí)并掌握用關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句；進(jìn)一步復(fù)習(xí)并熟悉掌握限定性定語從句的形式、意義和功能，能在交際中正確運(yùn)用這類從句驚醒口頭和書面表達(dá)。（3）通過描述一張圖片，能夠運(yùn)用定語從句更加具體生動(dòng)地描述人和事。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)定語從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞人物whowhomwhosewhichthatwhenwherewhy介詞+whom/whichwhowhichwhomwhenwherewhywhose口訣找相同判主從主照抄，從省同先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句定語從句三要素：先行詞，關(guān)系詞，定語從句

馬馬車馬車夫.先行詞、關(guān)系詞、定語從句三者的關(guān)系：

馬先行詞馬車夫關(guān)系詞馬車定語從句Review1

Lookatthesentencesbelowandunderlinetherelativepronounsandadverbs.whenthatwhowhowherethatwhichthatPractice1Heshowedmeaphotoinhisroom.ItwasaphotoofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.找相同：aphoto

=

it判主從：主：Itwasaphoto

...

從：Heshowedme

...主照抄，從省同Thephoto(which/

that)heshowedmeinhisroomwasofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.Practice2TheprojectteamhelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.Itwasformedbymembersfromfifteencountries.找相同：theprojectteam

=

it判主從：主：Theprojectteamhelped...從：Itwasformedby...主照抄，從省同TheprojectteamwhosememberswerefromfifteencountrieshelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose(一）關(guān)系代詞的用法人；物物人人(人/物)的主語,賓語主語,賓語主語,賓語賓語定語作賓語可省作賓語可省作賓語可省可省不可省（二）歸納關(guān)系副詞及其用法注意：一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，如point，case，position，condition，situation等用where引導(dǎo)Therelativeadverb(關(guān)系副詞)ReferringtoFunctionwhere(=in/atwhich)when(=at/in/onwhich)why(=forwhich)place修飾地點(diǎn)time修飾時(shí)間reason修飾原因presentation1.

After

listening

to

the

scientist

who

had

studied

the

problem,

and

citizens

who

lived

near

the

dam,

the

government

turn

to

the

United

Nations

for

help.指人指人主語主語先行詞指代人，且在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，可使用關(guān)系代詞________或者_(dá)_________。whothatObservationLookatthesentencesbelowandunderlinetherelativepronounsandadverbs.presentation2.

Water

from

the

dam

would

likely

damage

a

number

of

temples

and

destroy

cultural

relics

that

were

an

important

part

of

Egypt’s

cultural

heritage.指物主語先行詞指代人，且在限制性定語從句中作主語時(shí)，可使用關(guān)系代詞________或者_(dá)_________。whichthate.g.Weknewthescientistwhohadstudiedtheproblem.

（若把從句去掉，則不明白是哪位科學(xué)家。）定語從句限制性e.g.WeknewthephysicalscientistHawkins,whohadstudiedtheproblem.

（若把從句去掉，仍然知道是哪位科學(xué)家。）在意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如果省略，所修飾的先行詞往往不明確，前面一般沒有逗號(hào)隔開。往往是對(duì)先行詞的附加說明，為先行詞提供補(bǔ)充信息，即使去掉，也不會(huì)影響先行詞的明確性，與主句之間常用逗號(hào)隔開。非限制性

在much或all后用that，不用which，作定語從句的賓語時(shí)可以省略。例如：

Therewasnotmuch(that)wecoulddowhenitwasraining.

Thatisallthatworks.

關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞的間接賓語時(shí)，用to或for。例如：

Whoisthegirlthathegavetheflowerto?

Whoisthegirlthathegavetheflower?

無關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，也要用to或for。例如：

TheladyIwrotethepoemforwasmysister.限制性定語從句補(bǔ)充知識(shí)

正式英語中，介詞可置于從句之首，whom或which之前。例如：

Thisisthegreatwritertowhomourteacherwasreferring.

Heaskedaquestiontowhichtherewasnoanswer.

注意，介詞不可置于who或that之前。

定語從句的謂語如果是以介詞結(jié)尾的短語動(dòng)詞，則不可把介詞移至從

句之首。例如：

Hereceivedtheemailhewaslookingforwardto.限制性定語從句補(bǔ)充知識(shí)1.Where引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，先行詞為表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，可用“in,at等介詞+which”來替換。Theschoolwheremystudiesisnearapark.=Theschoolinwhichmystudiesisnearapark.關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的用法Thisistheplace_____(which/where)Ispendmychildhood.Thisistheplace_____(which/where)Ivisitedlastsummer.第一空填where(從句中spend是謂語，mychildhood是賓語where代指theplace在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語)第二空填which(which指代前面的theplace在從句中充當(dāng)visit的賓語)2.When引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，先行詞為表示時(shí)間的名詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，可用“at,in,on,during等介詞+which”來替換。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheteam.=I’llneverforgettheday

onwhich

Ijoinedtheteam.I'llwillneverforeverthedays______(which/when)wespendtogether.I'llwillneverforeverthedays______(which/when)welivetogetherinthecountry.第一空填which(which指代前面的thedays在從句中充當(dāng)spend的賓語)第二空填when(從句中we是主語，live是謂語，inthecountry是賓語，when指代thedays在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語)

Isthistheschool

youstudiedtenyearsago?

I’llneverforgettheday

Ifirstmether.

Thereason

shewasabsentwasthatshemissedthetrain.①“介詞+which”有時(shí)可與相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞互換inwhich/whereonwhich/whenforwhich/whyPreposition+

RelativePronounThisisthebook

I’mmostinterestedin.②介詞可后置，這時(shí)關(guān)系代詞可省略。Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.③含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等(which)Preposition+

RelativePronoun

PrepositionplusRelativeAdverb1.What’salibrary?(from/inwhich;where)Alibraryisaplacefrom/inwhich/whereyoucanborrowbooks.2.What’sagoodfriend?(towhom;who)Agoodfriendissomeonetowhomyoucantellyourproblems.=Agoodfriendissomeonewhoyoucantellyourproblemsto.

Summary定語從句定語：相當(dāng)于

，修飾名詞或代詞形容詞構(gòu)成：名詞或代詞+

+從句關(guān)系詞分類：限制性：

；

非限制性：

；說明正在談?wù)摰娜恕⑽锘蚴陆o出額外的補(bǔ)充信息關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系代詞：

：指人，作主語或賓語；

：指人，作賓語；

：指事、物，作主語或賓語；

：指人或事、物，作主語或賓語；

：與所修飾的名詞為所屬關(guān)系，作定語；

：作地點(diǎn)狀語；

：作時(shí)間狀語；

：作原因狀語；whowhomwhichthatwhosewherewhenwhy關(guān)系副詞：Exercise

TextBookPage6Ex.2Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.Step1

明確主句和從句。Step2

找到先行詞，確定它在主句中的功能。Step3

根據(jù)先行詞和關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在從句中的功能，

確定使用哪個(gè)關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。EXAMPLEIhavedownloadedthatfreeapp,butitdoesn’tworkwell.→Thefreeapp(which/that)Ihavedownloadeddoesn’tworkwell.一般出現(xiàn)兩次的詞就是先行詞。Step3Exercise2

Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.TextBookPage6Ex.21.Heshowedmeaphotoinhisroom.ItwasaphotoofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.→

Thephoto________________________________________________________________2.TheprojectteamhelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.Itwasformedbymembersfromfifteencountries.→

Theprojectteam______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.ThistemplewasfirstbuiltduringtheQinDynasty.→

Thetime_________________________________________________________________________4.WemetaprofessionalarchaeologistattheentrancetotheGreatPyramid.Heexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.→

Theprofessionalarchaeologist___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(which/that)heshowedmeinhisroomwasofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.

whosememberswerefromfifteencountrieshelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.whenthistemplewasfirstbuiltwasduringtheQinDynasty.(who/whom)wemetattheentrancetotheGreatPyramidexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.1.Thisisthestudent_________Iboughtabook.2.Thisistheship_________IwenttoShanghai.3.Isthistheshop______________wecanbuysomefruit?4.Thisisthehotel______________theystayed.5.Istillremembertheday______________Ifirstcametoschool.即學(xué)即練forwhombywhichinwhich/wherePreposition+RelativePronouninwhich/whereonwhich/when①Doyouknowtheman____________istalkingwithyourmother?②Thisistheperson____________youshouldthankforhelpingyourson.③Thegirl____________graduatedfromCambridgeUniversityiscalledAmanda.④Ilikethosebooks____________topicsareabouthistory.⑤Anystudent____________familyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.⑥Look，herearesomepeople______________Iwantyoutomeet.whowho/whomwhowhosewhosewho/whom/thatExercisesExercise2

Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.5.Thedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasareunderthedesk.Ifoundthemyesterday.→

Theplace__________________________________________________________________________6.Scientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetemplebecausetheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.→

Thereason___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________whereIfoundthedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasyesterdayisunderthedesk.

whyscientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetempleisthattheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.ExerciseTextBookPage6Ex.3

Workinpairsandplayagameofdefinitions.Oneasksthequestionsbelowandtheotheranswersthemwithrelativeclauses.Workouttwomorequestionsofyourown.EXAMPLEA:

What

is

an

exit?

B:

An

exit

is

the

door

where/through

which

you

can

leave

a

building.RevisionThelargestonestatuesonEasterIslandremainamysterytous.Readabouttheirhistoryandcorrectthemistakesinthetext.1.Nooneknowsforcertainhowtheislanderstransportedthestatues,theywereextremelylargeandheavy.2.Peopledoubtthattheyweredagged(牽引)overtheland,thatissorough.3.Somepeoplethinkthattheislandersusedlargetoolsthatismadeofstrongwood.4.Thewoodformakingthetoolsprobablycamefrombigtrees,itdidnotexistontheisland.〖解析〗兩個(gè)單句如果用逗號(hào)隔開而且沒有并列連詞，那么這兩個(gè)句子就是一個(gè)主語，一個(gè)從句，逗號(hào)前面為主句，逗號(hào)后面的句子為從句，從句前面需要一個(gè)從屬連詞，此處要把they變成which,指代estatues,構(gòu)成一個(gè)定語從句。whichwhich〖解析〗用逗號(hào)隔開的定語從句為非限定性定語從句，先行詞為物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞為which,不能為that〖解析〗定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來確定，先行詞為tools，is要變成are〖解析〗用逗號(hào)隔開的定語從句為非限定性定語從句，先行詞為物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞為which,逗號(hào)的存在表明前面是主句，逗號(hào)后面是從句，從句就需要從屬連詞來引導(dǎo)。arewhichRevision5.Somepeopleclaimthatunknownbeingsfromspacemovedthetatues,theyaresoheavy.6.Accordingtotheislanders,thefinishedstatuesweremovedbythosehadmagicpowers.7.Itissaidthatthestatueswerecarvedduringthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies,whentheislandwasruledbyamysterioussocietythen.〖解析〗用逗號(hào)隔開的定語從句為非限定性定語從句，先行詞為物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞為which,逗號(hào)的存在,并且沒有并列連詞，此種情況下表明：前面是主句，逗號(hào)后面是從句，從句就需要從屬連詞來引導(dǎo)。which〖解析〗先行詞those后面的定語從句，關(guān)系要詞在定語從句中作主語，不可以省略，補(bǔ)充上主語whowho〖解析〗定語從句中的關(guān)系詞在句中擔(dān)任句子成分，在此句中關(guān)系副詞when作時(shí)間狀語，then需要去掉去掉三、Practice（7mins）workinpairs3

Workinpairsandplayagameofdefinitions.Oneasksthequestionsbelowandtheotheranswersthemwithrelativeclauses.Workouttwomorequestionsofyourown.1.What’sa

library?(from/in

which;where)2.What’s

a

good

friend?

(to

whom;

who)3.What’s

a

vacation?

(during

which;

when)Alibraryisaplacefrom/inwhich

youcanborrowbooks./

Alibraryisaplacewhereyoucanborrowbooks.Agoodfriendissomeonetowhom

youcantellyourproblems./Agoodfriendissomeonewhoyou

cantellyourproblemsto.Avacationisatimeduringwhich

youdon’twork./Avacationisatimewhenyoudon’t

work.Whatisamuseum?Amuseumisagoodplacewhereoldandbeautifulthingsarekept.Oldandbeautifulthingsarekeptinamuseum.WhatistheMid-AutumnFestival?TheMid-AutumnFestivalfallsonthefifteenthdayofAugustofthelunarcalendar,whichisoneofthetraditionalfestivalsinChina.thefifteenthdayofAugustofthelunarcalendar四、Production(12mins)TalkaboutCantonTower,

andthenwriteashortparagraphaboutit.Useatleast2restrictiverelativeclausestowriteit.廣州塔（英語：CantonTower）又稱廣州新電視塔，昵稱小蠻腰，其位于中國廣東省廣州市海珠區(qū)，距離珠江南岸125米，與珠江新城、花城廣場、海心沙島(PearlRiverNewTown,HuachengSquareandHaixinshaIsland)隔江相望。廣州塔塔身主體高454米，天線桅桿(theantennamas)高146米，總高度600米。是中國第一高塔，是國家AAAA級(jí)旅游景區(qū)。CantonTower,alsoknownasGuangzhouNewTVTower,

whosenicknameisXiaomanyao,islocatedinHaizhuDistrict,GuangzhouCity,GuangdongProvince,China.Itis125metersawayfromthesouthbankofthethePearlRiver,whichfacesthePearlRiverNewTown,HuachengSquareandHaixinshaIslandacrosstheriver.CantonTower

thatisanatio