2023-2024學(xué)年山東省濟(jì)寧市曲阜東部中學(xué)高三年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語期末試卷含解析

2023年山東省濟(jì)寧市曲阜東部中學(xué)高三英語期末試卷

含解析

一、選擇題

1.Thedogmaybeagoodcompanionfortheold.,theneedtotakeitforwalks

maybeadisadvantage.

A.Besides.B.HoweverC.

ThereforeD.Instead.

參考答案：

B

2.Itisfantasticforchildrentohaveaharmoniousfamily,_theparentstreattheirchildlikea

friend.

A.whyB.that

C.whichD.where

參考答案：

D

考查定語從句關(guān)系副詞。句意：孩子們有一個(gè)和睦的家庭，父母把孩子當(dāng)朋友對(duì)待，這是

非常棒的。Where引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾family,在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。故選D。

3.Brainwhoservesasmanagerofthecompanyhopesthateverythingwillbebetterwhen

hequitsthanwhenhe.

A.hasstartedB.startsC.startedD.willstart

參考答案：

C

4.Snorkelingtripsaregreatfunbuttheybeverydangerousunderwater.

A.canB.mustC.shallD.will

參考答案:

A

5.HundredsofSwedishworkersaretrialingasix—hourworkingdayinthehopesthatit

willsickleaveandsavethecountrymoney.

A.cutdownB.turndownC.pulldownD.castdown

參考答案：

A

6.Wheneverwe'reintrouble,weshouldneverloseheart.

A.a;theB.a;aC.不填；不填D./;the

參考答案：

C

7.Youngpeoplearealwayskidding.Youaswellasksomeseniorsfortheright

direction.

A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must

參考答案：

C

8.rilbringsomewaterjustsomeofusgetthirstywhileclimbingthemountain.

A.incaseB.eventhoughC.asifD.aslongas

參考答案：

A

9.1leftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.

------Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someoneit.

A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhave

stolenD.musthavestolen

參考答案:

B

10.Theysaidtheywouldfight_heenemytotheend.

A.ofB.inC.fromD.against

參考答案：

D

11.Sixtydecadeson,thepresenter(QueenElizabethII)hasevolvedsomewhat,ashasthe

technologyshedescribed.Backthen,whothatpeoplewouldonedaybewatchingthison

laptopsandmobilephones,assomeofyouaretoday?

A.musthaveimaginedB.mayhaveimagined

C.wouldhaveimaginedD.shouldhaveimagined

參考答案：

C

句意：六十年過去了，演講者(伊麗莎白二世)也像她所描述的技術(shù)那樣，〃升級(jí)〃了一

些。那時(shí)候，有誰能想象到，有一天人們會(huì)從筆記本電腦和手機(jī)上觀看這則視頻，就像今

天你們中的一部分人這樣？根據(jù)語境，此處表示與過去相反的虛擬語氣，主句用would

have+過去分詞。"musthave+過去分詞〃表示對(duì)過去的肯定性推測(cè)；"mayhave+過去分詞〃表

示對(duì)過去的推測(cè)；"shouldhavedone”表示本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上沒做。故選C。

5.WhenhecamebackfromsouthAmerica,theprofessortoldusaboutthecitiesandthe

people___hehadvisited.

A.thatB.whomC.whichD.where

參考答案：

A

略

13.InhottestrealityshowRunningManIII,Luhanisonlynewmember.

A.a;不填B.a;anC.the;theD.the;不填

參考答案：

c

【考點(diǎn)】冠詞

【試題解析】分析句子，可知前后兩個(gè)空格都是特指的，故用定冠詞the。

句意：在熱播的電視節(jié)目''奔跑吧，兄弟3〃中，鹿哈是唯一的一個(gè)新成員。

14.Mr.Zhangmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosome

schoolsforpoorpeople.

A.set

up

B.settingup

C.haveset

upD.

havingsetup

參考答案：

B

15.Intelligencedoesn'tmeansuccess.Youneedtoworkhardaswell.

A.honestlyB.necessarilyC.formallyD.simply

參考答案：

B

【詳解】考查固定用法及副詞辨析。句意：聰明不一定意味著成功。你還需要努力工作。

A.honestly誠(chéng)實(shí)地，正當(dāng)?shù)?；B.necessarily必然地；C.formally正式地，正規(guī)地；D.simply

簡(jiǎn)單地。根據(jù)后一句〃你還需要努力〃可知，“聰明不一定意味著成功〃?！╪otnecessarily〃為

固定搭配，意為〃不一定，未必"，故選B。

16.—Didyouhappentoseeblackandwhitecat?

-Isshemissing?Itoldyoutotakecareofher.

A.the,theB.the;不填C.a;不填D.a;the

參考答案：

B

二、單詞拼寫

51.Ipreferredtheformerdesigntothe(后者).

52.Shehasbeen(受苦，受難)lossofmemorysinceshehadthatcaraccident.

53.Therewere2,000people(出席的)atthemeetingyesterday.

54.Theplayis(以.為基礎(chǔ))onashortstorybyMarkTwinofthesametitle.

55.Shehadanumberofjobsabroadbeforeshefinally(安頓下來)down.

56.AsfarasIam(concern),Ican'tagreewithwhatyousaid.

57.BothEnglishandFrenchare(office)languagesinCanada.

58.Goodbooksofhighquality(rich)themind.

59.Heis(actual)overfiftyyearsold.

60.Alothasbeendoneinthe(recover)ofnationaleconomyinthepastfewyears.

參考答案：

#tter

52.suffering

53.present

54.based

55.settled

56.concerned

57.official

58.enrich

59.actually

60.recovery

根據(jù)所給漢語或英語用其正確形式填空。

51.句意：比起后者我更喜歡前者的設(shè)計(jì)?？芍鸢笧閘atter。

52.句意：自從她有了那次事故，她一直遭受記憶的損失。此處用的是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

態(tài)，可知答案為suffering。

53.句意：有2000人出席昨天的會(huì)議。present出席，到場(chǎng)，做后置定語，故答案為

presento

54.固定搭配：bebasedon以---為基礎(chǔ)，故答案為based。

55.句意：她在國(guó)外做了很多的工作才最終安頓下來。主句用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，則before引

導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句也用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，答案為settled。

固定結(jié)構(gòu)：依我看來,據(jù)我所知，可知答案為

56.AsfarasIamconcerned,concernedo

57.形容詞修飾名詞，可知答案為officiaL

58.句意：好的高質(zhì)量的書籍充實(shí)頭腦。句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，句子缺少謂語，可知答案

為enricho

副詞修飾整個(gè)句子，可知答案為

59.actuallyo

60.句意：國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù)?？芍颂幱妹~形式，答案為recovery。

18.Thestudentwascaught__（作弊）intheexam.

參考答案：

cheating

三、閱讀理解

19.SinceEnglishbiologistCharlesDarwinpublishedOntheOriginofSpeciesin1859,

scientistshavevastlyimprovedtheirknowledgeofnaturalhistory.However,alotofinformation

isstillofthespeculation,andscientistscanstillonlymakeeducatedguessesatcertainthings.

Onesubjectthattheyguessaboutiswhysome400millionyearsago,animalsinthesea

developedlimbs（肢）thatallowedthemtomoveontoandliveonland.

Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist（古生物學(xué)家）AlfredRomera

centuryagobecameahottopiconceagain.

Romerthoughtthattidal（潮汐的）poolsmighthaveledtofishgaininglimbs.Seaanimals

wouldhavebeenforcedintothesepoolsbystrongtides.Then,theywouldhavebeenmade

eithertoadapttotheirnewenvironmentclosetolandordie.Thefittestamongthemgrewto

accomplishthetransition（過渡）fromseatoland.

Romercalledtheseearliestfour-footedanimals“tetrapods”.Sciencehasalwaysthought

thatthiswasacredibletheory,butonlyrecentlyhastherebeenstrongenoughevidenceto

supportit.

HannahByrneisanoceanographer（海洋學(xué)家）atUppsalaUniversityinSweden.She

announcedatthe2018OceanSciencesMeetinginOregon,US,thatbyusingcomputersoftware,

herteamhadmanagedtolinkHomer'stheorytoplaceswherefossildeposits（沉積物）ofthe

earliesttetrapodswerefound.

AccordingtothemagazineScience,in2014,StevenBalbus,ascientistattheUniversityof

OxfordintheUK,calculatedthat400millionyearsago,whenthemovefromlandtoseawas

achieved,tideswerestrongerthantheyaretoday.Thisisbecausetheplanetwas10percent

closertothemoonthanitisnow.

Thecreaturesstrandedinthepoolswouldhavebeenunderthepressureof"survivalofthe

fittest”,explainedMattiasGreen,anoceanscientistattheUK'sUniversityofBangor.Ashetold

Science,Afterafewdaysinthesepools,youbecomefoodoryourunoutoffoodthefishthat

hadlargelimbshadanadvantagebecausetheycouldflip（翻轉(zhuǎn)）themselvesbackinthewater."

Asisoftenthecase,however,thereareotherswhofindthetheorylessconvincing.

CambridgeUniversity'spaleontologistJenniferClark,speakingtoNaturemagazine,seemed

unconvinced."It'sonlyoneofmanyideasfortheoriginofland-basedtetrapods,anyorallof

whichmayhavebeenapartoftheanswer/'shesaid.

28.Whofirstproposedthetheorythatfishmighthavegainedlimbsbecauseoftidalpools?

A.HannahByrne.B.CharlesDarwin.C.StevenBalbus.D.AlfredRomer.

29.Whyweretidesstronger400millionyearsagothantheyaretodayaccordingtoSteven

Balbus?

A.Therewerelargeroceans.B.Earthwasundergreaterpressure.

C.Earthwasclosertothemoon.D.Themoongaveoffmoreenergy.

30.Theunderlinedword"stranded“inParagraph8probablymeans〃

A.settledB.trappedC.abandonedD.found

31.Whatisthefocusofthearticle?

A.Theargumentsoverascientifictheory.

B.Theproposalofanewscientifictheory.

C.Somenewevidencetosupportaprevioustheory.

D.Anewdiscoverythatquestionsaprevioustheory.

參考答案：

28.D29.C30.B31.C

【分析】

本文是議論文，AlfredRomer在一個(gè)世紀(jì)前提出的觀點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在又成了熱門話題，文中介紹了

一些支持此觀點(diǎn)的根據(jù)。

[28題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist（古生物學(xué)

家）AlfredRomeracenturyagobecameahottopiconceagain.和第四段Romerthoughtthat

tidal（潮汐的）poolsmighthaveledtofishgaininglimbs.可知AlfredRomer在一個(gè)世紀(jì)前就提

出潮水的涌入，促使魚長(zhǎng)出了四肢。故選D.

[29題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段400millionyearsago,whenthemovefromlandtoseawasachieved,

tideswerestrongerthantheyaretoday.Thisisbecausetheplanetwas10percentclosertothe

moonthanitisnow.可知4億年前的潮汐比現(xiàn)在更強(qiáng)，這是因?yàn)榈厍虮痊F(xiàn)在離月球近10%.

故選C.

[30題詳解】

猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)MattiasGreen的觀點(diǎn)Afterafewdaysinthesepools,youbecomefoodor

yourunoutoffoodthefishthathadlargelimbshadanadvantagebecausetheycouldflip（翻轉(zhuǎn)）

themselvesbackinthewater.可知被困在水池中幾天，魚就會(huì)沒有食物或成為食物，四肢大

的魚生存更有優(yōu)勢(shì)。由此可知被困在水池里的生物會(huì)承受〃適者生存〃的壓力，stranded意

為“陷入困境的"與trapped同義，故選B.

【31題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist（古生物學(xué)

家）AlfredRomeracenturyagobecameahottopiconceagain.提出本文的主題，AlfredRomer

在一個(gè)世紀(jì)前提出的觀點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在成了熱門話題，下文敘述觀點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容和支持的論據(jù)。所以本

文的重點(diǎn)是支持先前理論的一些新的證據(jù)，故選C.

【點(diǎn)睛】詞義猜測(cè)題要根據(jù)詞、詞組、句子所在的語境上下文來判斷其意義。因此熟練掌

握一些猜詞技巧是做好這類題的關(guān)鍵。命題者在出這類題時(shí)慣用常規(guī)詞義來麻痹考生，我

們要特別注意熟詞生義，切不可脫離語境主觀臆斷。

下面結(jié)合文本及近幾年高考試題，對(duì)詞義猜測(cè)的技巧加以解讀。

1.根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

有時(shí)短文中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)需要猜測(cè)其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義或解釋，這就是判

斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。例如：Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis,itwill

breakeasily.從后面thatis（也就是說）的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle是"脆〃的意思。根據(jù)

MattiasGreen的觀點(diǎn)Afterafewdaysinthesepools,youbecomefoodoryourunoutoffood

thefishthathadlargelimbshadanadvantagebecausetheycouldflip（番現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)）themselvesbackin

thewater.可知被困在水池中幾天，魚就會(huì)沒有食物或成為食物，四肢大的魚生存更有優(yōu)

勢(shì)。由此可知被困在水池里的生物會(huì)承受''適者生存〃的壓力，stranded意為〃陷入困境的〃

與trapped同義。

2.根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

閱讀中出現(xiàn)的難詞有時(shí)后面緊跟一個(gè)同位語，對(duì)前面的詞進(jìn)行解釋，這時(shí)可利用同位關(guān)系

對(duì)前面或后面的詞義或句意進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。例如：The"Chunnel”,atunnel（隧道）connecting

EnglandandFrance,isnowcomplete.止匕句中atunnelconnectingEnglandandFrance是

Chunnel的同位語。因此，The“Chunnel”就是英法之間的海底隧道。

3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法（前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等）進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

在英語中，有很多詞可以在前面加前綴，在后面加后綴，從而構(gòu)成一個(gè)詞，乍看起來，這

個(gè)詞可能是新詞，但掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識(shí)，就不難猜出它的詞義。例如：〃Ourparties

areaimedforchildren2to10,“Anacleriosaid,“andthey'reveryinteractiveandcreativeinthat

theybuiltasenseofdramabasedonasubject.”文中interactiv