馬克思的“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念

馬克思的“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle本文旨在深入探討馬克思哲學(xué)中的“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念，這一理念在馬克思的理論體系中占有重要地位。通過對馬克思原著的解讀和分析，本文旨在揭示“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念的內(nèi)涵和外延，以及這一概念在馬克思哲學(xué)中的重要作用。文章將首先概述馬克思哲學(xué)的整體框架，明確“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念在這一框架中的位置，然后逐步展開對“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”的深入剖析，包括其社會(huì)性、歷史性、實(shí)踐性等多個(gè)方面。文章將總結(jié)“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念對馬克思哲學(xué)的重要意義，以及對我們理解現(xiàn)代社會(huì)和人類發(fā)展的啟示。通過這一研究，我們可以更好地理解馬克思的哲學(xué)思想，深化對人類社會(huì)歷史發(fā)展規(guī)律的認(rèn)識，為構(gòu)建更加和諧的社會(huì)提供理論支持。Thisarticleaimstodelveintotheconceptof"realpeople"inMarxistphilosophy,whichholdsanimportantpositioninMarx'stheoreticalsystem.ThroughtheinterpretationandanalysisofMarx'soriginalworks,thisarticleaimstorevealtheconnotationandextensionoftheconceptof"realpeople",aswellastheimportantroleofthisconceptinMarxistphilosophy.ThearticlewillfirstoutlinetheoverallframeworkofMarxistphilosophy,clarifythepositionoftheconceptof"realpeople"inthisframework,andthengraduallycarryoutanin-depthanalysisof"realpeople",includingitssocial,historical,practicalandotheraspects.Thearticlewillsummarizethesignificanceoftheconceptof"realpeople"inMarxistphilosophy,aswellasitsinspirationforourunderstandingofmodernsocietyandhumandevelopment.Throughthisstudy,wecanbetterunderstandMarx'sphilosophicalideas,deepenourunderstandingofthelawsofhumansocialhistoricaldevelopment,andprovidetheoreticalsupportforbuildingamoreharmonioussociety.二、馬克思“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念的內(nèi)涵TheConnotationofMarx'sConceptof"RealPeople"馬克思的“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念是其哲學(xué)思想的核心，它揭示了人的本質(zhì)屬性及其在社會(huì)歷史發(fā)展中的作用。在馬克思看來，“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”不僅是一個(gè)生物學(xué)的存在，更是一個(gè)社會(huì)性的存在。這個(gè)概念包含了以下幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)涵。Theconceptof"realistichuman"byMarxisthecoreofhisphilosophicalthought,whichrevealstheessentialattributesofhumanbeingsandtheirroleinsocialandhistoricaldevelopment.InMarx'sview,"realpeople"arenotonlybiologicalentities,butalsosocialentities.Thisconceptencompassesthefollowingaspectsofconnotation.“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”是具有實(shí)踐性的。馬克思強(qiáng)調(diào)，人通過實(shí)踐活動(dòng)改造自然和社會(huì)，不斷創(chuàng)造和滿足自身需求。這種實(shí)踐性使人區(qū)別于其他生物，成為社會(huì)的主體和歷史的創(chuàng)造者。人的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)不僅塑造了人的社會(huì)關(guān)系和個(gè)性特征，也推動(dòng)了社會(huì)歷史的進(jìn)步。Realpeoplehavepracticality.Marxemphasizedthathumanstransformnatureandsocietythroughpracticalactivities,constantlycreatingandmeetingtheirownneeds.Thispracticalitydistinguisheshumansfromotherlivingbeings,becomingthesubjectofsocietyandthecreatorofhistory.Humanpracticalactivitiesnotonlyshapesocialrelationshipsandpersonalitytraits,butalsopromotetheprogressofsocialhistory.“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”是處于一定社會(huì)關(guān)系中的。馬克思認(rèn)為，人是社會(huì)關(guān)系的總和，人的存在和發(fā)展離不開社會(huì)關(guān)系。人的社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)總是在一定的社會(huì)關(guān)系中進(jìn)行，這些關(guān)系包括生產(chǎn)關(guān)系、階級關(guān)系、民族關(guān)系等。這些社會(huì)關(guān)系不僅影響人的行為和思想，也決定了人的社會(huì)地位和角色。Realpeopleareincertainsocialrelationships.Marxbelievedthathumansarethesumofsocialrelationships,andtheirexistenceanddevelopmentcannotbeseparatedfromsocialrelationships.Humansocialpracticeactivitiesalwaystakeplacewithincertainsocialrelationships,includingproductionrelations,classrelations,ethnicrelations,etc.Thesesocialrelationshipsnotonlyaffectpeople'sbehaviorandthoughts,butalsodeterminetheirsocialstatusandroles.再次，“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”是具有歷史性的。馬克思認(rèn)為，人的存在和發(fā)展是歷史的過程，人的社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)和社會(huì)關(guān)系都是在歷史中不斷變化和發(fā)展的。人的歷史性使人能夠超越自身的局限，不斷追求更高的目標(biāo)和理想。同時(shí)，人的歷史性也使人必須面對歷史遺留下來的問題和矛盾，不斷尋求解決之道。Onceagain,"realpeople"arehistoric.Marxbelievedthathumanexistenceanddevelopmentarehistoricalprocesses,andhumansocialpracticeactivitiesandsocialrelationshipsareconstantlychanginganddevelopingthroughouthistory.Thehistoricityofhumanbeingsenablesthemtotranscendtheirownlimitationsandcontinuouslypursuehighergoalsandideals.Atthesametime,humanhistoricityalsorequirespeopletofacetheproblemsandcontradictionsleftoverfromhistory,constantlyseekingsolutions.“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”是追求自由和全面發(fā)展的。馬克思認(rèn)為，人的本質(zhì)是自由和全面發(fā)展，這是人的最高追求和最終目標(biāo)。在資本主義社會(huì)中，人的自由和全面發(fā)展受到了嚴(yán)重的限制和阻礙。因此，馬克思提出了無產(chǎn)階級革命的理論和實(shí)踐，旨在消滅剝削和壓迫，實(shí)現(xiàn)人的自由和全面發(fā)展。Realpeoplepursuefreedomandcomprehensivedevelopment.Marxbelievedthattheessenceofhumanbeingsisfreedomandcomprehensivedevelopment,whichisthehighestpursuitandultimategoalofhumanbeings.Incapitalistsociety,humanfreedomandcomprehensivedevelopmentareseverelyrestrictedandhindered.Therefore,Marxproposedthetheoryandpracticeofproletarianrevolution,aimingtoeliminateexploitationandoppression,andachievehumanfreedomandcomprehensivedevelopment.馬克思的“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念是一個(gè)全面而深刻的概念，它揭示了人的本質(zhì)屬性和歷史使命。這個(gè)概念對于我們理解人的存在和發(fā)展、認(rèn)識社會(huì)歷史規(guī)律、探索人類未來的發(fā)展方向具有重要意義。Marx'sconceptof"realpeople"isacomprehensiveandprofoundone,whichrevealstheessentialattributesandhistoricalmissionofhumanbeings.Thisconceptisofgreatsignificanceforustounderstandtheexistenceanddevelopmentofhumans,understandthelawsofsocialhistory,andexplorethedirectionofhumanfuturedevelopment.三、馬克思“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念的理論基礎(chǔ)TheTheoreticalBasisofMarx'sConceptof"RealPeople"馬克思的“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念并非憑空而來，而是深深植根于他的哲學(xué)思想之中，特別是他的歷史唯物主義和辯證唯物主義的理論體系。這一概念的理論基礎(chǔ)主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面。Marx'sconceptof"realpeople"doesnotcomeoutofthinair,butisdeeplyrootedinhisphilosophicalthought,especiallyhistheoreticalsystemofhistoricalmaterialismanddialecticalmaterialism.Thetheoreticalbasisofthisconceptmainlyincludesthefollowingaspects.馬克思從唯物主義的立場出發(fā)，強(qiáng)調(diào)物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐在人類社會(huì)生活中的決定性作用。他認(rèn)為，人并非孤立存在，而是處于一定的社會(huì)關(guān)系中，這些關(guān)系是由人們的物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)方式所決定的。因此，馬克思的“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念是在具體的、歷史的、社會(huì)的物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中理解人的本質(zhì)和存在。Marxemphasizedthedecisiveroleofmaterialproductionpracticeinhumansociallifefromtheperspectiveofmaterialism.Hebelievesthathumansdonotexistinisolation,butratherincertainsocialrelationshipsthataredeterminedbytheirmaterialproductionmethods.Therefore,Marx'sconceptof"realpeople"istounderstandtheessenceandexistenceofhumanbeingsinconcrete,historical,andsocialmaterialproductionpractices.馬克思批判地繼承了黑格爾的辯證法思想，認(rèn)為人的存在和發(fā)展是一個(gè)矛盾運(yùn)動(dòng)的過程。他指出，人的現(xiàn)實(shí)性既包含肯定方面，也包含否定方面，人的存在就是在這種肯定和否定的矛盾運(yùn)動(dòng)中不斷自我超越、自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的過程。因此，馬克思的“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念不僅關(guān)注人的現(xiàn)實(shí)存在，也關(guān)注人的未來發(fā)展和自由解放。MarxcriticallyinheritedHegel'sdialecticalthinking,believingthathumanexistenceanddevelopmentareaprocessofcontradictorymovement.Hepointedoutthathumanrealityincludesbothpositiveandnegativeaspects,andhumanexistenceisacontinuousprocessofselftranscendenceandselfrealizationinthiscontradictorymovementofaffirmationandnegation.Therefore,Marx'sconceptof"realpeople"notonlyfocusesontheactualexistenceofpeople,butalsoontheirfuturedevelopmentandfreedomandliberation.馬克思的“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念還受到費(fèi)爾巴哈人本主義思想的影響。費(fèi)爾巴哈批判了唯心主義對人的抽象理解，強(qiáng)調(diào)人是一個(gè)感性的、具體的存在。馬克思在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步指出，人不僅是一個(gè)感性的存在，更是一個(gè)社會(huì)性的存在，人的本質(zhì)在于其社會(huì)關(guān)系的總和。因此，馬克思的“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念不僅關(guān)注人的感性存在，也關(guān)注人的社會(huì)存在。Marx'sconceptof"realpeople"wasalsoinfluencedbyFeuerbach'shumanisticthought.Feuerbachcriticizedidealism'sabstractunderstandingofhumanbeings,emphasizingthathumansareasensoryandconcreteexistence.Onthisbasis,Marxfurtherpointedoutthathumanbeingsarenotonlyemotionalbeings,butalsosocialbeings,andtheessenceofhumanbeingsliesinthesumoftheirsocialrelationships.Therefore,Marx'sconceptof"realpeople"notonlyfocusesonhumansensoryexistence,butalsoonhumansocialexistence.馬克思的“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念的理論基礎(chǔ)主要包括唯物主義的歷史觀、辯證法的矛盾觀和費(fèi)爾巴哈的人本主義思想。這些理論為馬克思提供了理解人的本質(zhì)和存在的全新視角，也為他的社會(huì)科學(xué)研究奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ)。ThetheoreticalbasisofMarx'sconceptof"realpeople"mainlyincludesthematerialistviewofhistory,thedialecticalviewofcontradiction,andFeuerbach'shumanisticthought.ThesetheoriesprovidedMarxwithanewperspectiveonunderstandingtheessenceandexistenceofhumanbeings,andalsolaidasolidtheoreticalfoundationforhissocialscienceresearch.四、馬克思“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念在馬克思主義理論中的地位TheStatusofMarx'sConceptof"RealPeople"inMarxistTheory在馬克思主義理論中，馬克思的“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念占據(jù)了核心地位，它是理解馬克思主義哲學(xué)的關(guān)鍵所在。這一概念不僅為馬克思主義理論提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，也為我們理解人類社會(huì)歷史的發(fā)展規(guī)律、社會(huì)主義的實(shí)踐路徑以及人的自由全面發(fā)展提供了重要指引。InMarxisttheory,Marx'sconceptof"realpeople"occupiesacorepositionandisthekeytounderstandingMarxistphilosophy.ThisconceptnotonlyprovidesasolidphilosophicalfoundationforMarxisttheory,butalsoprovidesimportantguidanceforustounderstandthedevelopmentlawsofhumansocialhistory,thepracticalpathofsocialism,andthecomprehensivedevelopmentofhumanfreedom.“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念是馬克思主義唯物史觀的基礎(chǔ)。馬克思在批判傳統(tǒng)形而上學(xué)和唯心主義的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了以“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”為出發(fā)點(diǎn)的唯物史觀。他認(rèn)為，人類社會(huì)的歷史是現(xiàn)實(shí)的人通過實(shí)踐活動(dòng)不斷創(chuàng)造和發(fā)展的過程，人的社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)是推動(dòng)歷史進(jìn)步的根本動(dòng)力。這一觀點(diǎn)顛覆了傳統(tǒng)歷史觀中的英雄史觀和神秘史觀，為馬克思主義的科學(xué)社會(huì)主義理論提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的哲學(xué)支撐。Theconceptof"realpeople"isthefoundationofMarxistmaterialistviewofhistory.Onthebasisofcriticizingtraditionalmetaphysicsandidealism,Marxproposedamaterialistviewofhistorystartingfrom"realpeople".Hebelievesthatthehistoryofhumansocietyisaprocessofcontinuouscreationanddevelopmentbyrealpeoplethroughpracticalactivities,andhumansocialpracticalactivitiesarethefundamentaldrivingforceforpromotinghistoricalprogress.Thisviewpointsubvertstheheroicandmysterioushistoricalviewsintraditionalhistoricalviews,providingsolidphilosophicalsupportforMarxisttheoryofscientificsocialism.“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念揭示了人的本質(zhì)屬性。馬克思認(rèn)為，人的本質(zhì)不是抽象的、先驗(yàn)的，而是在現(xiàn)實(shí)的社會(huì)關(guān)系中通過實(shí)踐活動(dòng)不斷生成的。人是社會(huì)性動(dòng)物，人的本質(zhì)在于其社會(huì)屬性，即人的本質(zhì)是一切社會(huì)關(guān)系的總和。這一觀點(diǎn)深刻揭示了人的本質(zhì)屬性，為我們理解人的自由全面發(fā)展提供了重要啟示。Theconceptof"realpeople"revealstheessentialattributesofhumanbeings.Marxbelievedthattheessenceofhumanbeingsisnotabstractorprior,butconstantlygeneratedthroughpracticalactivitiesinrealsocialrelationships.Humanbeingsaresocialanimals,andtheiressenceliesintheirsocialattributes,thatis,theiressenceisthesumofallsocialrelationships.Thisviewpointprofoundlyrevealstheessentialattributesofhumanbeingsandprovidesimportantinsightsforustounderstandtheirfreeandcomprehensivedevelopment.“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念是馬克思主義實(shí)踐哲學(xué)的核心。馬克思強(qiáng)調(diào)，哲學(xué)的任務(wù)不僅僅是解釋世界，更重要的是改變世界。他提出的“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念，正是為了引導(dǎo)人們從現(xiàn)實(shí)出發(fā)，通過實(shí)踐活動(dòng)改變不合理的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)，實(shí)現(xiàn)人的自由全面發(fā)展。這一實(shí)踐哲學(xué)思想，為馬克思主義的革命理論和實(shí)踐提供了重要指導(dǎo)。Theconceptof"realpeople"isthecoreofMarxistpracticalphilosophy.Marxemphasizedthatthetaskofphilosophyisnotonlytoexplaintheworld,butmoreimportantly,tochangetheworld.Theconceptof"realpeople"proposedbyhimispreciselytoguidepeopletostartfromreality,changeunreasonablesocialrealitythroughpracticalactivities,andachievethefreeandcomprehensivedevelopmentofhumanbeings.ThispracticalphilosophicalthoughtprovidesimportantguidancefortherevolutionarytheoryandpracticeofMarxism.馬克思的“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念在馬克思主義理論中具有重要的地位。它不僅為馬克思主義理論提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，也為我們理解人類社會(huì)歷史的發(fā)展規(guī)律、社會(huì)主義的實(shí)踐路徑以及人的自由全面發(fā)展提供了重要指引。這一概念也強(qiáng)調(diào)了哲學(xué)的實(shí)踐性和革命性，為馬克思主義的革命理論和實(shí)踐提供了重要支持。因此，深入理解和把握馬克思的“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念，對于我們?nèi)胬斫怦R克思主義理論、推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義實(shí)踐具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)踐價(jià)值。Marx'sconceptof"realpeople"holdsanimportantpositioninMarxisttheory.ItnotonlyprovidesasolidphilosophicalfoundationforMarxisttheory,butalsoprovidesimportantguidanceforustounderstandthedevelopmentlawsofhumansocialhistory,thepracticalpathofsocialism,andthecomprehensivedevelopmentofhumanfreedom.Thisconceptalsoemphasizesthepracticalityandrevolutionarynatureofphilosophy,providingimportantsupportfortherevolutionarytheoryandpracticeofMarxism.Therefore,adeepunderstandingandgraspofMarx'sconceptof"realpeople"isofgreattheoreticalsignificanceandpracticalvalueforustocomprehensivelyunderstandMarxisttheoryandpromotesocialistpractice.五、馬克思“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念在當(dāng)代中國的實(shí)踐與發(fā)展ThePracticeandDevelopmentofMarx'sConceptof"RealPeople"inContemporaryChina在當(dāng)代中國，馬克思的“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念得到了深入實(shí)踐與發(fā)展。中國特色社會(huì)主義理論體系，就是在繼承和發(fā)展馬克思“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合中國的具體國情，形成的一系列具有鮮明中國特色的理論成果。IncontemporaryChina,Marx'sconceptof"realpeople"hasbeendeeplypracticedanddeveloped.ThetheoreticalsystemofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsisaseriesoftheoreticalachievementswithdistinctChinesecharacteristics,formedonthebasisofinheritinganddevelopingMarx'sconceptof"realpeople",combinedwithChina'sspecificnationalconditions.在新時(shí)代，中國堅(jiān)持人民至上，尊重人民主體地位，充分發(fā)揮人民群眾的歷史創(chuàng)造作用。這體現(xiàn)了馬克思“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念中關(guān)于人的主體性和實(shí)踐性的核心要義。中國的發(fā)展實(shí)踐，無論是經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)，還是社會(huì)建設(shè)和生態(tài)文明建設(shè)，都是以人民群眾的需求和利益為出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)。Inthenewera,Chinaadherestotheprincipleofputtingthepeoplefirst,respectsthestatusofthepeopleasthemainbody,andfullyunleashesthehistoricalandcreativeroleofthepeople.ThisreflectsthecoreessenceofMarx'sconceptof"realpeople"regardinghumansubjectivityandpracticality.China'sdevelopmentpractice,whetheritiseconomicconstruction,politicalconstruction,culturalconstruction,orsocialandecologicalcivilizationconstruction,isbasedontheneedsandinterestsofthepeopleasthestartingpointandfoothold.同時(shí)，中國還積極推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，倡導(dǎo)全球治理觀，強(qiáng)調(diào)各國應(yīng)相互尊重、平等協(xié)商，共同應(yīng)對全球性挑戰(zhàn)。這種以全球視野來看待和處理問題的方式，也是馬克思“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念中關(guān)于人的社會(huì)性和世界歷史性的重要體現(xiàn)。Atthesametime,Chinaactivelypromotestheconstructionofacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind,advocatesaglobalgovernanceconcept,emphasizesthatallcountriesshouldrespecteachother,consultonanequalfooting,andjointlyaddressglobalchallenges.ThisapproachofviewinganddealingwithproblemsfromaglobalperspectiveisalsoanimportantreflectionofMarx'sconceptof"realpeople"regardingthesocialityandworldhistoricityofhumanbeings.中國還注重人的全面發(fā)展，堅(jiān)持以人為本，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展與人的全面發(fā)展相協(xié)調(diào)。在教育、醫(yī)療、文化、體育等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，都致力于提高人民的生活質(zhì)量和幸福感。Chinaalsoemphasizesthecomprehensivedevelopmentofhumanbeings,adherestotheprincipleofputtingpeoplefirst,andpromotesthecoordinationbetweeneconomicandsocialdevelopmentandcomprehensivehumandevelopment.Wearecommittedtoimprovingpeople'squalityoflifeandhappinessinvariousfieldssuchaseducation,healthcare,culture,andsports.可以說，當(dāng)代中國在馬克思“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念指導(dǎo)下，不斷探索和創(chuàng)新，形成了具有中國特色的社會(huì)主義發(fā)展道路。這既是對馬克思“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念的豐富和發(fā)展，也為全球范圍內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)人的自由而全面發(fā)展提供了有益的探索和借鑒。ItcanbesaidthatundertheguidanceofMarx'sconceptof"realpeople",contemporaryChinahascontinuouslyexploredandinnovated,formingasocialistdevelopmentpathwithChinesecharacteristics.ThisnotonlyenrichesanddevelopsMarx'sconceptof"realpeople",butalsoprovidesusefulexplorationandreferenceforachievinghumanfreedomandcomprehensivedevelopmentonaglobalscale.六、結(jié)論Conclusion馬克思的“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念是他哲學(xué)思想的核心和基石。這一概念強(qiáng)調(diào)人的社會(huì)性、歷史性和實(shí)踐性，是對傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)中抽象、孤立的人的觀念的顛覆。通過深入分析“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”概念的內(nèi)涵和特點(diǎn)，我們可以更好地理解馬克思的哲學(xué)思想及其對現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的重要影響。Marx'sconceptof"realpeople"isthecoreandcornerstoneofhisphilosophicalthought.Thisconceptemphasizesthesociality,historicity,andpracticalityofhumanbeings,andsubvertstheabstractandisolatedconceptofhumanbeingsintraditionalphilosophy.Bydeeplyanalyzingtheconnotationandcharacteristicsoftheconceptof"realpeople",wecanbetterunderstandMarx'sphilosophicalideasandtheirimportantimpactonmodernsociety.在馬克思的視角下，“現(xiàn)實(shí)的人”是處于特定社會(huì)關(guān)系和歷史條件中的人，他們的行為和思想受到社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)和歷史進(jìn)程的制約。這種觀念使我們認(rèn)識到，人的本質(zhì)不是抽象的、孤立的，而是與社會(huì)、歷史緊密相連的。因此，在理解和解決現(xiàn)實(shí)問題時(shí)，我們必須從具體的社會(huì)歷史背景出發(fā)，關(guān)注人的現(xiàn)實(shí)處境和需求。FromMarx'sperspective,"realpeople"areindividualsinspecificsocialrelationshipsandhistoricalconditions,whosebe