英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音第七課中元音

VowelsinEnglishPhoneticsLesson7目錄CourseIntroductionandObjectivesBasicConceptsandClassificationofVowelsPromotionTechniquesandExampleAnalysisofPreVowels目錄PromotionTechniquesandExampleAnalysisofMiddleVowelsPromotionTechniquesandExampleAnalysisofPostVowelsPronunciationskillsandcaseanalysisofdiphthongs目錄CourseSummaryandReview01CourseIntroductionandObjectives010204ThecontentofthislessIntroductiontovowelsinEnglishphoneticsClassificationandpromotionofvotesCommonvowelsoundsandexamplesPromotionexercisesandpractice03TounderstandtheconceptofvowelsinEnglishphoneticsTobeabletoclassifyandpromotedifferenttypesofvotersTobeabletorecognizeandproducecommonvoicesoundsToimprovepromotionthroughpracticeandexercises01020304TeachingobjectivesandrequirementsCoursearrangementandscheduleLessonoverviewandintroductionAudiodemonstrationsofvowelsoundsFeedbackandassessmentonpromotionexercisesPresentationonvotesandtheirclassificationIndividualandgrouppromotionpracticeConclusionandsummaryoftheless02BasicConceptsandClassificationofVowelsVowelsarethemostproposedsoundsinmissilesandwords,andtheyplayacriticalroleindistinguishingmeaninginlanguageVowelsarespeechsoundsproducedbytherelativelyopenconfigurationofthevocaltract,whichallowsairtoflowoutofthelungswithminimalconstructionTheyarecharacterizedbytheirpersonality,ortheloudnessofthesound,whichiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalfoldsDefinitionandFunctionofVowelsVowelscanbeclassifiedbasedonvariouscriteriasuchasheight,backbone,roundness,andlengthHeightreferstotheverticalpositionofthetongueinthesouth,withhighvoteshavingaraisedtonguepositionandlowvoteshavingalowertonguepositionBacknessreferstothehorizontalpositionofthetongue,withbackvotesbeingproducedwiththetongueretractedtowardsthebackofthesouthandfrontvotesbeingproducedwiththetongueadvancedtowardsthefrontofthesouthVowelclassificationandcharacteristicsRoundnessreferstotheshapeofthelipsduringvowelproduction,withroundedvowelsbeingproducedwithroundedlipsandunroundedvowelsbeingproducedwithspreadlipsLengthreferstothedurationofthevotesound,withlongvotesbeingproducedforalongerdurationthanshortvotesVowelclassificationandcharacteristicsThepromotionorganizationsinvolvedinvowelproductionincludethelungs,larynx,vocalfolds,pharynx,tongue,lips,andteaThelungsprovidetheairflownecessaryforspeechproductionbyexhaustingairthroughthetraceaandlaryxThelaundryhousesthevocalfolds,whichvibrationtoproducesoundwavesThepitchofthevoteisdeterminedbytherateofvibrationofthevocalfoldsTheRelationshipbetweenPromotionOrganizationsandVowelPromotionTheRelationshipbetweenPromotionOrganizationsandVowelPromotion010203Thepharynxactsasaresonator,amplifyingandmodifyingthesoundwavesproducedbythelarynxTheshapeofthepharynxeffectsofthequalityofthevocalsoundThetongueplaysaclinicalroleinvowelproductionbyadjustingitspositioninthesouthtocreatedifferentvowelsoundsTheheightandknowledgeofvotesareprimarilydeterminedbythepositionofthetongueThelipsandteaalsocontributetovocalproductionbymodifyingtheshapeoftheoralcavityandaffectingtheresponseofsoundwaves03PromotionTechniquesandExampleAnalysisofPreVowelsPrevowels,alsoknownassemivowelsorglides,aresoundsthatoccurredatthebeginningofasystolicandleadintoavowelTheyareproducedwithapartialclosureofthevocaltract,similartovotes,butwithlessopennessthanafullvotePrevotesaretypicallyrepresentedbytheletters'y'and'w'inEnglishphoneticsPronunciationcharacteristicsofprevotes

ExplanationofPromotionTechniquesforPreVowelsWhenpromotingprevowels,itisimportanttomaintainasmoothtransitionfromtheprevoweltothefollowingvowelTheprevoteshouldblendseamlesslyintothevote,withoutanyinterruptionorglobalstopThetongueandlippositionsforprevotesareintermediatebetweenthoseofconsonantsandvotesExample1Theword"yes"containsaprevowel'y'followedbythevowel'e'Topromotethiswordcorrectly,the'y'soundshouldglidesmoothlyintothe'e'sound,withthetongueraisedslightlytowardsthetabletExample2Intheword"week",theprevote'w'precedesthevote'ee'Topromotethisword,thelipsshouldberoundedforthe'w'soundandthentransitionsmoothlyintothe'ee'sound,withthetongueraisedtowardsthefrontofthemouthPracticetipToimprovepromotionofprevotes,practicesayingwordsthatcontainthesesoundsslowlyanddelicately,focusingonthetransitionfromtheprevotestothefollowingvotesGraduallyincreasespeedaspromotionimprovementsExampleanalysisandpractice04PromotionTechniquesandExampleAnalysisofMiddleVowelsLipshapeLipsareneutral,neitherspreadnorroundedTonguepositionThetongueisraisedtowardsthemiddleofthesouth,neithertoohighnortoolowSoundqualityMiddlevowelsaretypicallycharacterizedbyacentralizedsoundquality,producedinthecenterofthevowelspacePronunciationCharacteristicsofMiddleVowelsRelaxedarticleMiddlevotesareoftennoticedwithamorerelaxedarticlecomparedtoothervotesThetongueandlipsarenottenseortrainedConsistenttonguepositionItisimportanttomaintainaconsistenttonguepositionforeachmiddlevowelSlightvariationsintongueheightorlipshapecanchangetheswellsoundPracticewithminimumpairsMinimumpairsarewordsthatbufferonlyinonesound,soas"bet"and"bat."PracticingwithminimumpairscanhelpimprovepromotionaccuracyformiddlevotesExplanationofPromotionTechniquesforMiddleVowels"cat"vs."cut"Example1Thevoicesoundin"cat"isamiddlevoice,pronouncedwiththetongueraisedtowardsthemiddleofthesouthandlipsinaneutralpositionIncontrast,theswellsoundin"cut"isahighswell,pronouncedwiththetongueraisedtowardsthefrontofthesouthandlipsslightlyrounded+AnalysisExampleanalysisandpractice+Practice:Repeateachwordseveraltimes,focusingonthedifferentvowelsoundsandsouthernpositionsThen,trysayingintentionsthatcontainthesewordstopracticeincontextExampleanalysisandpractice"hot"vs."wet"Both"hot"and"wet"containmiddlevotes,buttheyarepronounceddifferentlyIn"hot,"theswellsoundispronouncedwiththetongueslightlylowerandlipsmorespreadcomparedtotheswellsoundin"wet,"whichispronouncedwiththetongueslightlyhigherandlipsmoreneutralRepeateachwordseveraltimes,payingattentiontothesubdifferencesinsouthernpositionandvowelsoundThen,trysayingsentencesthatcontainthesewordstopracticedistinguishingbetweentheminconnectedspeechExample2+Analysis+PracticeExampleanalysisandpractice05PromotionTechniquesandExampleAnalysisofPostVowelsPostvowels,alsoknownasdiphthongs,arevowelsoundsformedbythecombinationoftwovowelsoundswithinasinglesyllabusThepromotionofpostvotesinvolvesachangeinthepositionofthetongueandlips,resultinginablendofbothvotessoundsTheyarecharacterizedbyasmoothtransitionfromonevoicesoundtoanotherwithinthesameumbrellaPronunciationcharacteristicsofpostvotesTopromotepostvowelscorrectly,itisimportanttounderstandtheindividualvowelsoundsthatmakeupthediphthongPracticesayingeachvoicesoundseparately,thenblendthemtogethersmoothlywithinasingleumbrellaPayattentiontothepositionofyourtongueandlipsduringpromotion,asslimadjustmentscanalterthesoundofthediphthongExplanationofPostvowelPromotionTechniquesExample1:Theword"out"containsthepostvowelsound/a?/.Topromotethissound,startwiththe/a/sound(asin"cat")andsmoothlytransitiontothe/?/Sound(asin"book")Practicesaying"out"severaltimes,focusingontheblendofthetwovowelsoundsExample2:Theword"time"containsthepostvowelsound/a?/.Topromotethissound,startwiththe/a/soundandtransitiontothe/?/Sound(asin"bit")Practicesaying"time"severaltimes,payingattentiontothechangeinverbalsoundswithinthesyllabusExample3:Theword"cow"containsthepostvowelsound/a?/.Topromotethissound,startwiththe/a/soundandtransitiontothe/?/SoundPracticesaying"how"severaltimes,focusingontheblendofthetwovowelsoundsandthepositionofyourtongueandlipsduringpromotionExampleanalysisandpractice06PronunciationskillsandcaseanalysisofdiphthongsTheytypicallystartwithonevoicesoundandendwithanother,creatingablendofbothsoundsDiphthongsarecommoninEnglishandcanbefoundinbothstressedandunstressedaggregatesDiphthongsareglidingvoicesthatinvolveasmoothtransitionfromonevoicesoundtoanotherwithinthesameumbrellaPronunciationcharacteristicsofdiphthongsTopromotediphthongscorrectly,itisimportanttotransitionsmoothlybetweenthetwovowelsoundswithoutanyinterruptionorglobalstopThetongueandjawpositionsshouldadjustgraduallytoproducetheblend