2025屆新高考英語專題突破復(fù)習(xí)英語長難句分析

2025屆新高考英語專題突破復(fù)習(xí)

英語長難句分析選自2023高考真題閱讀01/02/寫作句式拓展練習(xí)長難句分析

練習(xí)

CONTENTRevision——三長兩短一平行的標記原則主干三長兩短一平行主謂SV介詞短語非謂語短語從句形容詞副詞并列結(jié)構(gòu)主謂賓SVO主謂賓賓SVOO主謂賓補SVOC主系表SLPCompulsory(括號原則)不做標記△下劃線※同位語、插入語、強調(diào)句、省略句、倒裝句的嵌套Revision——“一括二劃三會意”三步法①去繁存簡抓主干無論句子多長,結(jié)構(gòu)多么復(fù)雜,句子都是由一些基本成分組成的。因此突破長難句的關(guān)鍵在于先找到句子的主干,再分析其他成分②借助連詞/引導(dǎo)詞劃意群運用語法知識,借助連詞/引導(dǎo)詞的提示,將長句分解成若干意群,以降低理解難度③調(diào)整語序明句意理解句意時,應(yīng)注意英、漢兩種語言的差異,合理調(diào)整語序。Revision——攻克三個“攔路虎”①

非簡單句并列句：句子+并列連詞(and,but,or,while,so,notonly...butalso...,either...or...等)十句子主從復(fù)合句：主從復(fù)合句中的三大從句為:定語從句、名詞性從句和狀語從句。②非謂語動詞(短語)非謂語動詞(短語)在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、補語和狀語，主要形式為：todo，doing，done。③非正常語序非正常語序的句子主要指倒裝句和強調(diào)句。高考長難句分析11.Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabitinthecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues(刺激)withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal.(2023年北京卷閱讀表達)本句為主從復(fù)合句。主干：Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabit。其修飾成分為：①

in

thecourseofpursuinggoals②

bybeginningtoassociatecertaincueswithbehaviouralresponses③

thathelpmeetthegoal翻譯：人們認為，一個人在追求目標的過程中，會將某些特定的刺激與有助于實現(xiàn)目標的行為反應(yīng)聯(lián)系起來，從而養(yǎng)成一種習(xí)慣。2.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.（2023年新高考I卷閱讀理解D篇）本句含有多個從句。主句：Thekeyfindingofthestudywas...。①that引導(dǎo)的表語從句，that在句子中不作成分，無含義，該從句的主干是theaveragesweremoreaccurate。②

when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。③that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞smallergroups。翻譯：該研究最重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當人群被進一步分成更小的組，允許彼此進行討論時，這些小組的平均結(jié)果比同等數(shù)量獨立個體的平均結(jié)果更加準確。3.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.（2023年新高考I卷閱讀理解C篇）本句是主從復(fù)合句。主句：Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism。①

starting作非謂語動詞，引導(dǎo)狀語，相當于whichstartwith...；其中，that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾theforces。②

moving作非謂語動詞，引導(dǎo)狀語，且與①形成先后順序的邏輯關(guān)系。③

注意在英譯漢中，定語從句和“名介名”的短語需要從后往前翻。翻譯：在第一部分里，我描述了數(shù)字極簡主義的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，首先分析了讓許多人的數(shù)字生活越來越難以忍受的因素，然后詳細探討了什么是數(shù)字極簡主義哲學(xué)。4.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.（2023年全國乙卷閱讀理解D篇）本句是主從復(fù)合句。主句：TheCT,AA,AP,Icanspeaktous。①

allofwhom引導(dǎo)的是定語從句。②

speak(tosb.)ofsth.意為“談?wù)?，提?..”。③

throughtheobjectstheymade作方式狀語，theymade是定語從句，省略了關(guān)聯(lián)詞that。④ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice中toldthroughthings作定語，修飾history。翻譯：加勒比海的泰諾人、澳大利亞的原住民、非洲的貝寧人和印加人，所有這些出現(xiàn)在本書中的人們，都可以通過他們制造的物品最有力地向我們講述他們過往的成就：通過物品講述的歷史讓他們重新得到了發(fā)聲的機會。5.Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.（2023年新高考I卷閱讀理解C篇）本句是主從復(fù)合句。主句：Thegoalistomake...andthentoteach...。①

makethecaseforsth意為“說明某物的情況”。②

including引導(dǎo)的狀語用來補充具體內(nèi)容，后面只能加名詞(性短語)。③

why&who&how引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句；work作為動詞時意為“起作用，生效”。④

if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句。⑤it’srightforyou是decide的賓語從句，省略了關(guān)聯(lián)詞that。翻譯：本書的目的是說明數(shù)字極簡主義的理由，包括詳細探討它有何要求，以及為什么有效，然后教你如何應(yīng)用這種哲學(xué)，如果你確定適合自己。6.EventhoughBritainhasareputationforless-than-impressivecuisine,itisproducingmoretopclasschefswhoappearfrequentlyonourtelevisionscreensandwhoserecipebooksfrequentlytopthebestsellerlists.（2023年全國乙卷閱讀理解C篇）本句是主從復(fù)合句。本句雖然較長，但是結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，只需找準結(jié)構(gòu)既可快速拆分句子，理解整體大意。主句：itisproducingmoretopclasschefs。①

eventhough引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句。②

who&whose作為并列的定語從句，修飾先行詞chefs。③

top在本句中作謂語動詞，意為“登上頂峰，名列前茅”。翻譯：盡管英國的菜肴有個不怎么樣的名聲，但是越來越多的頂級廚師來自英國，他們經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在電視屏幕上，他們的食譜經(jīng)常在暢銷書列表上名列前茅。7.It’sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeat-and-two-vegandready-mademealsandbecomingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.（2023年全國乙卷閱讀理解C篇）本句是強調(diào)句。該句主要結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itis+強調(diào)內(nèi)容+that/who從句，其主要特征是刪除掉結(jié)構(gòu)后整個句子仍然完整。主句：Britonsareturningawayandbecomingmoreadventurous。①

from和in引導(dǎo)的介詞短語作為修飾詞，對句子的內(nèi)容進行進一步解釋說明。②

一般用連字符“-”連接在一起的合成詞都為形容詞。翻譯：正是由于這些電視大廚而不是任何廣告活動，英國人正在遠離一葷兩素和預(yù)制菜，他們的烹飪習(xí)慣變得更加大膽。8.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.（2023年全國乙卷閱讀理解B篇）本句是主從復(fù)合句。主句：theyaresomeofmybestshots。①

lookingback引導(dǎo)的是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，意為“回顧”。②

thought引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句。③if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句；wouldhavedone為虛擬語氣，表示“本應(yīng)該，本能夠”，指代與現(xiàn)在事實相反。翻譯：不過，回顧這些照片，它們是我拍得最好的照片，雖然如果我能做好準備并且合理管理時間，它們可能會好得多?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil’sLake?A.Amusing.

B.Satisfying.

C.Encouraging.

D.Comforting.9.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding(解讀)theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.（2023年全國甲卷閱讀理解C篇）本句是并列句。主句：Weinerenters...andhebecomes...。①

with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨。②

partof引導(dǎo)的介詞短語作becomes的賓語。③

by引導(dǎo)兩個并列動詞作非謂語，表示“通過...方式”。翻譯：韋納與歷史上最重要的一些哲學(xué)家進行對話，在這個過程里，通過解讀他們的話語并加入自己的解釋，他也融入到了哲學(xué)家之中。10.Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I’velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheydon’tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.（2023年北京卷閱讀理解B篇）本句是主從復(fù)合句。主句：I’velearnedthatIneedtotaketheopportunitiesandmakethemostofthem。①

ratherthan作狀語，是直接被轉(zhuǎn)折短語否定掉的信息，側(cè)重的內(nèi)容在后面；set...instone意為“板上釘釘”。②

learned后的that引導(dǎo)賓語從句；而opportunities后的that引導(dǎo)定語從句。③

evenif引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句；and連接的是并列句。翻譯：我明白了有時需要去抓住出現(xiàn)的機會，并且充分利用它們，而不是一成不變地按照計劃做，即使這些機會當時聽起來并不完美。寫作長難句拓展201追加成分注意：“1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫”?！康模簲U展句子，充實文章※方法：在要點句基礎(chǔ)上適當增加合乎邏輯的附加成分，如定語(從句)、狀語(從句)(如目的、條件、原因、結(jié)果、方式等)、非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、舉例等，使表達更豐滿，內(nèi)容更充實，主題更突出?！攸c：結(jié)構(gòu)多變，句式多樣1.(提醒演講參賽選手)要守時、講衛(wèi)生、守紀律。Pleasearriveontime,keepquietanddon'tlitteraround.→Pleasearrivethereontime,

for

whoever

is

late

won'tbeallowed

to

enter(因為遲到的人不讓進).It'sbad

manners

to

litter

around.

Andalwayskeepquiet

while

waiting

for

your

turn

(在等待輪到你的時候).2.(演講注意事項)要面帶微笑；要講慢些，講清楚。Besuretowearasmileonyourface.Besides,remembertospeakslowlyandclearly.→Besuretowearasmileonyourface

when

you

speak(當你說話的時候),

whichwillmakeyourelaxed(這能使你放松).Besides,remembertospeakslowlyandclearlysothatyoucanleaveagoodimpressiononthe

audience

and

judges(這樣子你可以給觀眾和裁判留下好印象).1．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)(告知將舉辦音樂節(jié))我們學(xué)校音樂廳將舉辦一場中國古典音樂會。Asweallknow,thereisaChineseclassicalmusicconcertthatwillbeheldinthemusichallofourschoolonNovember8th.Accordingtotheconcertposter,manymusicmasterpieceswillbeplayedbyafamousband.2．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)(介紹語言能力)克服語言障礙。What'smore,withagoodcommandofEnglish,I’msureIcanovercome

the

languagebarrier,whichallowsmetocomm-unicate

smoothly

withBritishpaintinglovers.3．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)(通知學(xué)校放映電影)這部英文短片主要與我們學(xué)校的發(fā)展有關(guān)。TheEnglishshortfilmismainlyrelatedtothedevelopmentofourschool,whichwillgreatlyhelpusstudents

knowtheschool's

historybetterandappealtoustomakecontributionstoourschool'sdevelopment.4．(2018·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)(介紹學(xué)校體育館)體育館已經(jīng)建立起來，許多運動項目可在里面舉行。Tobeginwith,anewstadiumhasbeenbuiltup,whichhasbecomethenewlandmarkinourschool.

Moreover,withthestadiumsetup,awiderangeofsportseventsareabletobeheld,ofwhichtabletennis,footballaswellasrunningcompetitionsenjoygreatpopularity.5．(2018·北京高考書面表達)(咨詢來北京上大學(xué))建議你上北京大學(xué)，中國文學(xué)專業(yè)適合你。LearningyourkeeninterestinChineseculture,IsuggestyouapplyforPekingUniversity,oneofthebestuniversitiesinChina.

ItsChineseLiteraturemajorisperfectforyouwhereyoucanbecompletelysoakedinChineseprofoundhistoryandrichculture.02補加語句補加語句是常見的“增加細節(jié)”的方法，這可以使文章顯得錯落有致，這樣不僅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章讀起來鏗鏘有力，從而使作文在內(nèi)容上更加連貫、豐滿?！康模撼鋵嵨恼?，增強連貫性※方法：根據(jù)行文走向，適當增加一些與主題相關(guān)的語句，或由要點衍生的句子，既起到前引后聯(lián)的作用，又能補充一些相關(guān)信息，幫助閱卷者理解所寫內(nèi)容。同時，還能協(xié)調(diào)句式，避免句式單調(diào)的問題※特色：協(xié)調(diào)句式，結(jié)構(gòu)多樣技法1列舉具體的實例進行補充說明①我喜歡讀書。Ilikereadingbooks,+suchasnovels,shortstories,magazinesandnewspapers.②我要花一些時間和父母在一起。I'llspendsometimestayingwithmyparents.+chattingwiththemanddoingsomehousework.③我想找一個像我一樣喜歡旅行的筆友。I'dliketoseekapenpalwhoisinterestedintravelingjustlikeme.+Ifpossible,wecantraveltogetherorshareourunforgettabletravelingexperiences.技法2增添與所寫信息相關(guān)的神態(tài)、動作、心理描寫以及背景渲染等內(nèi)容①我有時去村西的小河游泳。Igoswimmingintheriverofthewestofthevillagenowandthen.+Thewaterintheriverisveryclear.(背景渲染)+Weatherpermitting,Igoswimmingintheriverofthewestofthevillagenowandthen.(相關(guān)條件)②旅行了一周后，他回到了家。Afteraweek'strip,hereturnedhome.+tiredbutveryhappy.(心理描寫)技法3增加相關(guān)信息的時間、地點等內(nèi)容①我要和父母一起去超市購物。I'mgoingtodosomeshoppingwithmyparentsinthesupermarket.+andwon'tbebackuntilabout5:00intheafternoon.(增加時間)②我已經(jīng)帶來了你讓我歸還的這兩本書。Ihavetakenwithmethetwobooksyouaskedmetoreturn.+totheCityLibrary.(增加地點)③(談?wù)撋瓶钣猛?募捐得來的錢將送給最急需的人。Themoneycollectedinthecharitysalewillbesenttothoseingreatneed.+Thiswillnotonlyhelpthemgetthroughdifficulties,butalsogivethemwarmthandhappiness.(增加意義)1．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)(介紹音樂節(jié)的情況)As

scheduled,

the

festival

will

start

at

9:00

a.m.on

August

15th.

(1)

It

will

last

two

and

a

half

hours.

(持續(xù)時長)(2)

Additionally,

we

will

be

fully

absorbed

in

the

attractive

and

fascinating

performances.

(活動內(nèi)容)(3)

And

at

the

same

time

we

will

sit

on

the

grass

and

enjoy

the

tasty

food

and

drinks

provided

by

sponsors.

(其它活動)(4)

Furthermore,

we

also

expect

to

see

you

on

the

stage

then.

(表達期待)2．(說明自己所擅長的兩項技藝)As

a

Chinese,

I'm

good

at

many

skills

related

to

our

traditional

culture.

But

among

them,

Tai

chi

is

my

favorite

because

it

does

much

good

to

my

health.(1)

I'm

sure

American

friends

will

be

also

crazy

about

it

after

they

touch

it.

(這項技能對競選這一職位的好處)And

as

you

know,

Chinese

cooking

is

popular

all

over

the

world.

(2)

It

happens

that

I'm

expert

at

it,

and

I'm

glad

to

present

some

traditional

Chinese

dishes

to

everybody.(這項技能對競選這一職位的好處)3．(2018·天津高考書面表達)

邀請他的原因(1)We

are

desperately

in

need

of

your

help.

(邀請的原因)So

as

the

group

leader,

I

sincerely

invite

you

to

join

us.

(2)I

am

convinced

that

with

our

joint

efforts

we

can

undoubtedly

get

good

results.

(我堅信我們共同的努力會得到好的結(jié)果)(3)

What's

more,

I

will

e-mail

you

our

training

plan

soon,

hoping

you

can

offer

some

constructive

suggestions

regarding

it.

(我郵件發(fā)你我們的培訓(xùn)計劃，希望你可以提供一些建設(shè)性的建議)4．(2018·浙江高考書面表達)(應(yīng)聘志愿者的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗)Firstly,

I

can

speak

fluent

English

and

(1)I

have

little

difficulty

communi-cating

with

foreigners.

(這項技能對競選這一職位的好處)Secondly,

I

helped

receive

some

visiting

foreigners

to

our

school

last

year.

(2)This

experience

is

sure

to

enable

me

to

do

better

this

year.

(這項技能對競選這一職位的好處)5．(互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的好處)The

Internet

is

playing

a

more

and

more

important

part

in

our

daily

life.

We

can

not

only

read

news

from

home

and

abroad,

but

also

get

information,

send

emails

and

attend

online

schools.(不僅可以...而且可以...)03增加過渡增加過渡是常見的“增加細節(jié)”的方法，過渡性詞語和過渡性語句的使用是語言連貫性得以實現(xiàn)的最常用手段。在句與句之間、段與段之間恰當?shù)厥褂靡恍┏猩蠁⑾碌倪^渡(連接)性詞語，句子可避免語句陡轉(zhuǎn)直下，不聯(lián)不搭，通過合理過渡，實現(xiàn)語句的銜接順暢。這就需要考生在日常學(xué)習(xí)中積累背誦常用的過渡詞。例如：表示列舉的firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally；表示自己看法的asfarasI'mconcerned,frommypointofview,inmyopinion；表示轉(zhuǎn)折的onthecontrary,however,everycoinhastwosides等?！康模涸黾幽哿Γ怀鲞B貫性※方法：根據(jù)行文或段落需要，在句與句或段與段之間適當增加過渡性詞語，或者過渡句，以使文章渾然一體，提高說服力※特色：行文連貫，條理清晰1．(話題：家長用車接送學(xué)生引起校門口擁堵) Our

traffic

department

should

strengthen

management

to

make

the

parents

obey

traffic

rules.

Our

school

should

appeal

to

us

students

to

walk

or

ride

a

bike

to

and

from

school,

which

is

not

only

friendly

to

our

traffic

environment

but

also

is

good

for

students'

health.2．(去美國學(xué)習(xí)英語詢問具體問題)I'mconcernedwithhowfaritisfromthehostfamilytomyschool.I'mwonderingwhethera

privatebedroomwillbeofferedtome.ItendtoknowifthereareanyspecialcustomsthatIshouldpayattentionto.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomemoresuggestionsonhowtogetalongwellwiththehostfamily?I'msureyouradvicewillbenefitmealot.2．(去美國學(xué)習(xí)英語詢問具體問題)I'mconcernedwithhowfaritisfromthehostfamilytomyschool.I'mwonderingwhethera

privatebedroomwillbeofferedtome.ItendtoknowifthereareanyspecialcustomsthatIshouldpayattentionto.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomemoresuggestionsonhowtogetalongwellwiththehostfamily?I'msureyouradvicewillbenefitmealot.1.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)First

of

all/To

begin

with

(首先),

I'm

a

big

fan

of

traditional

Chinese

paintings.

Therefore

(因此),I

am

capable

of

offering

visitors

detailed

explanations

on

the

stories

of

famous

Chinese

painters.2.(2018·浙江高考寫作)We

lost

our

way

in

the

forest

and

to

make

matters

worse/worse

still

(更糟的是),

it

got

dark.3.(2018·北京高考書面表達)In

my

opinion/view

(依我看),

studying

for

a

degree

in

a

different

culture

is

never

easy.4.On

the

one

hand

(一方面),

they

can

sweep

the

tombs

for

the

dead.

On

the

other

hand

(另一方面),

they

can

go

for

a

walk

in

the

country

in

spring

when

the

grass

has

just

turned

green.5.In

a

word/In

conclusion/In

short/In

brief

(總之),

success

is

important,

and

so

is

failure,

because

it's

the

mother

of

success.Recently,

it

has

been

a

great

public

concern

that

the

students

lack

selfprotection

awareness.There

is

a

lack

of

social

experience

among

students

and

therefore

learning

how

to

protect

ourselves

is

of

great

significance

to

us

all.

1.For

one

thing,

security

comes

first.

2.For

another

thing,

protecting

ourselves

contributes

to

the

healthy

development

of

us

students.

3.Meanwhile,

it

also

helps

to

build

a

more

harmonious

society.4.Personally,

in

order

to

protect

us

students,

5.above

all,

we

should

strengthen

our

security

awareness.

6.Besides,

when

accidents

occur,

we

should

calm

down

and

turn

to

teachers

or

parents

for

help.

7.In

a

word,

only

by

the

combined

efforts

of

every

side

involved

can

we

live

and

study

in

harmony.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)(話題：申請作為倫敦一家美術(shù)館舉辦中國畫展覽的志愿者的優(yōu)勢)First

of

all,

(1)having

lived

in

China

for

sixteen

years

and

having

learnt

English

since

I

was

a

child,

I

have

a

good

command

of

English

and

Chinese,

(2)which

is

beneficial

for

introducing

Chinese

paintings.

Besides,

(3)

having

a

good

knowledge

of

Chinese

paintings,

I

can

get

foreigners

and

the

locals

to

know

more

about

it.

(4)Last

but

not

least,

through

my

introduction

and

efforts,

I

believe,

I

can

strengthen

the

friendship

between

China

and

England.04詳加描述詳加描述是常見的“增加細節(jié)”的方法，這可以使文章詞數(shù)達標、內(nèi)容充實、結(jié)構(gòu)連貫、語意順暢?！康模河性斢新?，主次分明※