2024屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習猜詞題

猜詞題知識點1:詞義猜測類題目常見的設(shè)問方式Theword"..."refersto/probablymeans...Theunderlinedword“..."couldbestbereplacedby...Whatdoyouthinktheexpression"..."standfor?Bysaying"..."wemean..."..."asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas...Whichisthefollowingwordcantaketheplaceoftheword"...”?知識點2:猜測詞義的方法1.通過上下文猜測詞義。2.通過構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義。(1）轉(zhuǎn)化:指詞的形式不變而詞性發(fā)生變化的一種構(gòu)詞法。

例如:nursen.護士v.護理

freeadj.空閑的

v.釋放(2）合成:指由兩個或兩個以上的具有獨立含義的單詞組合成一個新的單詞。主要有合成動詞、合成形容詞、合成名詞等等。(3）派生:指由一個詞根加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個新的單詞。拓展：常見前后綴利用同義詞、構(gòu)詞法等表達下列詞組的意思。（每空只填一詞）

1.twoweeks=____________ 2.apersonwithaphysicaldisability=a______person3.gothrough(greatchanges)=____________ 4.doalotforsth=__________tosth 5.varietiesof/differentkindsof/avarietyof=_______6.takepartin=_____________in 7.makeadiscovery=_________ 8.makeanagreementtodosth=_________todo9.makecontributionsto=______________to 10.alltheyearround=__________theyear 11.standfor=_____________ 12.makeanapologytosb=___________tosb 13.bewillingtodosth=dosth___________________ 14.causedamageto=________________ 15.givepermissionto=______________ 16.givebirthto=__________________ 17.tenyears=_____________ 18.haveaneffect/influence/impacton/upon=________/__________/__________ 19.cometoone’said/help/assistance=_______/__________/_______ 20.thatis(tosay)/inotherwords=__________ 21.makeananalysisof=____________________ 22.inbrief=_____________ 23.bemadeupof/becomposedof=___________of 24.become/behookedonheadphones=be_________toheadphones 答案：1.fortnight

2.disabled3.experience

4.contribute5.various6.participate7.discover8.agree9.contribute10.throughout

11.represent12.apologize13.willingly14.damage15.permit16.bear17.decade18.affect/influence/impact19.aid/help/assist20.namely21.analyze22.briefly23.consist24.addicted利用上下文猜測詞義例題：Ifhethinkshecaninvitemeout,heisallwet.Idon’tliketobewithhim.A.drunk B.sweating C.happy D.mistaken答案：我不愿意跟他在一起，如果他邀請我出去，他就大錯特錯了。因此答案為D。例題：Charlotte’stalewasinspiredbythegirls’coincollection.“We’vecollectedforeigncoinsforyears—sinceourfamilieswentonholidaytoTenerife,”sheexplains.“ThatwasbeforetheEuro,soweputpesetasin.”Theunderlinedword“pesetas”inParagraph2isakindof_______.A.storyB.collectionC.inspirationD.foreigncoin答案：由原文中的Euro（歐元，歐洲統(tǒng)一貨幣）可推知該詞是一種在歐元發(fā)行前使用的錢幣。本題正確答案為D。利用上下文猜測詞義例3：Thesnakeslitheredthroughthegrass.答案：根據(jù)有關(guān)蛇的生活習性的知識，我們可以推斷出slither的詞義為“爬行”。例4：…ButsometimesIjustfeelloathtotalktothesepeople.Sometimes,Ijustwanttobealone,quietly,withoutbeingforcedtolistentotheirgossiporotheruselesswords.Theunderlinedword“l(fā)oath”inthisparagraphhastheclosestmeaningto______.A.unwillingB.eagerC.pleasedD.hurt答案：A。根據(jù)后面的語境“我寧愿安靜地獨處，不愿意去聽這些閑言碎語”，可見作者“不愿意”與這些人說話。故loath是“不愿意”之意。利用構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義例1：Sharksareamongthefewanimalsintheworldthatalmostnevergetcancerandeyecataracts.Understandingwhycanhelpusimprovehumanhealth.Chemicalsextractedfromsharkcartilagehavekilledcanceroustumorsinlaboratoryanimals,aresearchthatsomedaycouldhelpprolongyourlife.Theunderlinedword“prolong”intheparagraphmeans______.A.saveB.protectC.lengthenD.improve答案：C?？筛鶕?jù)構(gòu)詞法來判斷詞義。prolong是個派生詞，前綴pro-是“支持，親”之意，long是“長”之意，故可判斷prolong是“延長(壽命)”的意思。例2：Exhibitionofficialssaidthatapersonbittenbyoneofthesesnakeswouldneedatleast80mlofananti-poisonmedicinetobesaved.答案：anti-poison是由poison加前綴anti-構(gòu)成的，anti-意思是“反對、排斥、抵抗”，由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。例3：AlthoughsimplifiedChinesecharacterswereacceptedforusemanyyearsago,itseemsthatmoreandmorepeoplelikeChinesecharactersinthecomplexform.答案：simplified跟simple是同根詞，帶有-ed顯然是過去分詞形式的形容詞。許多年以前我們采用了什么跟“簡單”有關(guān)的漢字呢？不難想到是“簡化的”漢字。利用熟詞生義例1：NewYork,10November,5:27p.m.,yesterday.Biggestpowerfailureinthecity’shistory.A.enoughB.notpassingC.lackofD.lack答案：failure是fail變來的名詞，有“失?。皇≌?；失敗的事”的意思。本句powerfailure可翻譯為“停電”。再如：cropfailure“莊稼欠收”；heartfailure“心力衰竭”。本題正確答案為D。例2：AbiketourandracewillbeheldinAugust26and27.At5:30a.m.,theriderswillleaveTian’anMensquareandridethefirst35kilometersasatrainingleg.Thenthenext55kilometersfromYanjiaotoJixian,willbethefirstcompetitivepartofthetour.A.raceB.practiceC.partofthetrainingD.partofthetour答案：本題正確答案為D。從first35kilometers可看出，自行車賽車手從天安門出發(fā)，開始的三十五公里作為賽程的一部分，從后句…leg…willbe…partofthetour也可確定答案為D。知識點2:猜測詞義的方法3.依靠文章顯隱性邏輯關(guān)系1）轉(zhuǎn)折：however,but,unfortunately,yet,though,although,as,while,unlike,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,foronething,foranother,insteadof,ratherthan,otherwise2）遞進：than,——3）并列：and4）因果：so,as,asaresult,sothat,therefore,because,since,for,dueto,thus4.利用同義線索和同等關(guān)系:同義詞替換可以為推測詞義提供明顯的語境線索。一些常見的引出同義詞的標志性詞語有similarly,like,justas,also,aswell等。利用對比或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系例1：AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.答案：該例中supercilious可能是個生詞，但是句中短語incontrast(相對照的，相對比的)提示我們supercilious和后面詞組humbleandmodest（謙卑又謙虛）是對比關(guān)系。分析出這種關(guān)系后，我們便能猜出supercilious意為“目空一切的，傲慢的”。例2：“UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.”Theunderlinedword“cultivated”roughlymeans________.A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed答案：從上句的對比可知，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力不是swalloweddown，而是慢慢培養(yǎng)的。答案為D。例3：Thousandsofpeoplegotstuckinlifts.Butnoonepanicked,Wepassedthetimetellingstories.答案：被困在電梯中，應(yīng)該是“慌張”，“不安”。But引出轉(zhuǎn)折，“我們講故事消磨時間”，因此panicked應(yīng)為“慌張、驚恐”之意。例4：UnliketheUniteStateswheremanydifferentnationalitiesmakeupthepopulation,Japan’spopulationisquitehomogeneous.答案：文中unlike表明日本和美國在人口組成方面不同，由此可見，homogeneous與manydifferentnationalities意義相反，即ofthesamenationality,“單一民族的”。利用因果關(guān)系例1：Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.答案：根據(jù)原因狀語從句的內(nèi)容，我們可以推斷出生詞autocratic指“獨斷專行的”。例2：Thebiggestpowerfailurehappenedyesterday.Allofouricecreamandfrozenfoodsmelted.答案：melted“融化”。既然停電，必然造成冰激凌和冷凍食品的“融化”。例3：Herandownstairsthroughthesmoke-filledhousetopushandpullatKarenandTodduntiltheysatup.Thenhehelpedeachotheroutofthehousetothesafetyofthegarden.There,hissisterandbrother,takingshortandquickbreathsandcoughing,collapsedonthelawn.答案：collapsed“癱倒”。經(jīng)過一番艱難脫險之后，他們呼吸急促，咳嗽不斷，最終“癱倒”在草坪上。知識點2:猜測詞義的方法5.利用語法關(guān)系1）下定義：be,mean,dealwith,beconsidered,tobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define,represent,bedefinedas,

后面內(nèi)容往往是對前面單詞或短語的解釋性說明2）同位語：構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間多用逗號連接，有時也使用破

折號、冒號、分號、引號和括號等。同位語前還常有or,similarly,

thatistosay,inotherwords,namely,orother,say,i.e.等副詞或短語

出現(xiàn)。（具有解釋說明的作用）3）定語從句：對前面的名詞進行修飾和限定4）舉例說明：like,suchas,forexample......方法總結(jié)1.第一步定位原文2.第二步根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系猜測詞義3.第三步，根據(jù)詞綴法確認詞性和詞義4.第四步，將詞義代入文章中檢驗。答