外研版中考英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法講解

賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，或形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的不同連詞，賓語(yǔ)從句可分為三類(lèi)。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)（陳述句語(yǔ)序）【注意：1~引導(dǎo)詞.that2~語(yǔ)序v.+主+謂由if、whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句3~時(shí)態(tài)：A.主句現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句任一時(shí)態(tài)】

由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。that只有語(yǔ)法作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)在的意義，在口語(yǔ)

和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：

Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.

Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.

Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.

2.由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。例如：

Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?

Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.

CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?

Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.

3.由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：

Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.

Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.一般情況下，if和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether

①在不定式前：Whethertogothereornothasn'tbeendecided.

②在介詞前：Itdependson（依靠）whetheritisgoingtorain.

③與ornot連用：Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

詞匯：if,whether,ask,wonder,know,…

句型：…asks/asked/wonders/wondered/wantstoknow/wantedtoknowif/whether…

賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序

賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為陳述句的語(yǔ)序。例如：

Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.

Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.

CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?

Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.【練習(xí)】1．—Couldyoutellme________?--FillinthisformandIwillgiveyouacard.A.howIcanmeetCathy B.whereIcanmeetCathy C.whenIcanmeetCathy2.–Doyouknow________themanwithsunglassesis?-I’mnotsure.Maybeareporter.A.whoB.whatC.whereD.how3.Doyouknow_______duringthecomingsummerholiday?

A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid

4.Iwanttoknow_________.

A.whatishisnameB.what’shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis

5.Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam?

A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which

6.Jimdoesn’tunderstand____________.

A.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshopping

C.whatisthewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping

7.Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfor?

A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

1.如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句該用什麼時(shí)態(tài)就用什麼時(shí)態(tài)。

如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.

Pleasetelluswhereheis.

CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?

2.如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句只能用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)）。例如：

Heaskedwhattimeitwas.

Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.

HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.

HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.

3.如果賓語(yǔ)從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：

OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.

Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.不省略引導(dǎo)詞that當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí)；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)置于主句尾，賓語(yǔ)從句之前時(shí)；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(包括非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)與賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)；當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略，第二個(gè)that不可以省略；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)是this,that或this,that做主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí)；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句有it做其先行詞時(shí)；在直接引語(yǔ)中，轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語(yǔ)從句隔開(kāi)時(shí).當(dāng)that在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)【練習(xí)】中考真題：39.—Haveyouaskedthepoliceman_______?—Yes.HetoldustoturnleftontoMainStreet.It’sontheright.A.ifthereisabanknearhereB.howcanwegettothenearestbankC.wherecanwefindabankD.whenwecangotothenearestbank44.-Doyouknow____?-8,844.43meters.It'sapopularplacewithmountainclimbers.A.howhighisQonolangmaB.howlongisQonolangmaC.howhighQomolangmaisD.howlongQonolangmais43.Davidasked______inChina.Ofcoursenot.Chineseusuallyshakehandswithaladyasagreeting.A.whyhecangreetaladybykissingherB.WhyhecouldgreetaladybykissingherC.WhetherhecangreetaladybykissingherD.Whetherhecouldgreetaladybykissingher45.-Iwonder______.-ItwillfallonaSaturday.A.howwillNationalDayfallonthisyearB.HowNationalDaywillfallonthisyearC.WhatdaywillNationalDayfallonthisyearD.WhatdayNationalDaywillfallonthisyear練習(xí)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)句子的意思完成下列英語(yǔ)句子

4.請(qǐng)你告訴我去鐘樓怎麼走嗎？

Couldyoutellme_______IcangettotheBellTower?

2.父親說(shuō)他買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)新電腦。

Fathersaidthathe________________anewcomputer..

3.我想知道今天晚上還有沒(méi)有去北京的火車(chē)。

Iwanttoknow_________thereisatraintoBeijing.

4.你知道一個(gè)雙人間多少錢(qián)嗎？

Doyouknow_____________adoubleroom______?

5.叔叔說(shuō)他正在寫(xiě)一本新小說(shuō)。

Unclesaidthathe_____________anewnovel.

6.杰克說(shuō)他有重要事情要做。

Jacksaidhe_______somethingimportanttodo.

二．選擇填空。()1.WhatdidMikesay?Hesaid____________________.A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasitC.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring()2.Tomaskedmyfriend________________.A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry()3.Letmetellyou__________________.A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar()4.Peterknew_______________.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis()5.Couldyoutellme___________?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingfor

D.whereyoulivein三、將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。1．TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.3．Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow_____there_________ameetinginfivedays.4．CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwant