高考英語一模語法填空-定語從句講義

Lesson1語法填空考點1：定語從句知識點知識點講解★定語從句的定義e.g.“一個可愛的孩子”acutebaby，這個短語中用cute單個單詞來修飾、限定baby。e.g.“一個正在看著你并渴望被你擁抱的孩子”無法用單個單詞來修飾、限定baby，所以我們把baby提前，將修飾成分后置，用定語從句來寫：ababywhoiswatchingyouandwantstobehuggedbyyou這里的baby叫做“先行詞”，who是連接修飾成分的，叫做“關(guān)系詞”。由此，定語從句的定義：修飾、限定先行詞的從句?！镪P(guān)系代詞1.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語，不可省略。e.g.Thewomanwho/thatlivesnextdoorismyaunt.這里who在從句中作主語，不可省略。wholivesnextdoor修飾、限定thewoman。合并下列句子：Theyoungmanishisbrother. Theyoungmaninventedthetool.→Theyoungmanwho/thatinventedthistoolishisbrother.Thefactoryisverylarge.Thefactoryproducescars.→Thefactorywhich/thatproducescarsisverylarge.2.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語，可以省略。e.g.ThewomanwhoIreferredtowasonholiday.=Thewoman(who/whom/that)Ireferredtowasonholiday.合并下列句子：Thisistheboy. Ihelpedtheboy.→Thisistheboy(that/who/whom)Ihelped.Thisisthebook.Youwantthebook.→Thisisthebook(which/that)youwant.Istillremembertheholiday. Ispenttheholidaywithhim.Istillremembertheholiday(which/that)Ispentwithhim.Istillremembertheday. Ispentthedaywithyou.Istillremembertheday(which/that)Ispentwithyou.3.特殊情況：Thisisthegirlwho/that(Ibelieve)wasthedriverofthecar.Ibelieve作插入語，此句中的who/that是從句中作主語的關(guān)系詞，不能省略。4.只能用that的情況，先行詞是：（that在從句中作賓語，同樣可以省略）(1).不定代詞：all,(the)one(s),no,some,any,every…（先行詞為anyone,someone等，優(yōu)先用who/whom）(2).極端詞：thevery,theonly,few,little,no...(3).序數(shù)詞或最高級(4).既指人又指物(5).從句中作表語：Myhometownisnolongerthevillagethatitusedtobe.(6).問句中為了避免重復(fù):WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn?e.g.Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyear.Ilikethesecondfootballmatchthatwasheldlastweek.Theherohassavedthehorseanditsriderthatfellintotheriver.Thankyouforgivingmetheverybook(that)I’mlookingfor.Ihaveheardallthebooks(that)yougaveme.That’sall(that)Iwanttosay.★介詞+關(guān)系詞特征：此關(guān)系詞一般情況下，使用關(guān)系代詞which或whom。when=介詞+whichwhere=介詞+whichwhy=forwhich1.與從句中動詞有關(guān)：e.g.ThiswasthefilmofwhichIspoketoyoulastweek.=Thiswasthefilm(which/that)Ispokeoftoyoulastweek.2.與從句中形容詞有關(guān)：e.g.ThemeteoriteinwhichthescientistswereinterestedcrashedintoRussia.=Themeteorite(which/that)thescientistswereinterestedincrashedintoRussia.3.與先行詞有關(guān)：e.g. TheSecondWorldWarduringwhich/whenmillionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.I’llneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichwemet.Thisisthetownwhere/inwhichIspentmychildhood.Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslate.4.theway的三種寫法：Theway(that/inwhich)hespokeremindedmeofhisfather.* 比較(1). Thisisthetowninwhich/whereIwasborn.Thisisthetown(which/that)Ivisitedlastweek.(2). Iwillneverforgetthedayonwhich/whenIcametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday(which/that)Ispentwithyou.(3). Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslate.Thisisthereason(that/which)hetoldme.(4). Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIcamehere.(5). Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichIlivedlastyear.(6). Therearemanyreasonswhy/forwhichpeopleliketravelling.(7). Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)youspeak.(8). TheSecondWorldWarduringwhich/whenmillionspeoplewerekilledendedin1945.(9). Theseventeenthcenturywasoneinwhich/whenmanyadvancesweremadeinscience.5.whose的三種寫法：Thehouseismine. Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.Thehouse +(1). whosewindowisbroken(2).thewindowofwhichisbrokenismine.(3).ofwhichthewindowisbrokenShewroteabook. Ihavepletelyforgottenitsname.→ShewroteabookwhosenameIhavepletelyforgotten.或ShewroteabookthenameofwhichIhavepletelyforgotten.或ShewroteabookofwhichthenameIhavepletelyforgotten.★非限制性定語從句特點：1.有逗號 2.去掉后主句意思仍然完整 3.關(guān)系詞不能是that或whye.g.Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.（可能有其他哥哥）Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.（只有一個哥哥）注意：關(guān)系代詞which可以指代整個主句或主句某一部分所表達的意義。1. Shesaidthatthemanwasathief,whichturnedouttobetrue. which指代整個主句2. Youcanseepeopleinfashionableclothes,whichshowstheymusthavewellpaidjobs.which指代“peopleinfashionableclothes”3. Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcenter,whichisalwaysbusyattheweekend. which指代“theshoppingcenter”★ 定從中關(guān)系代詞“as”的用法1、thesame：thesameas類似 e.g.You’vegotthesamewatchasIhave.thesamethat同一個e.g.You’vegotthesamewatchthatIhave.2、so/such…as 引導(dǎo)定語從句，缺成分so/such…that引導(dǎo)狀語從句，“如此……以至于……”，不缺成分e.g.SheissuchanicegirlasIlove.她是如此好的一個我愛的女孩。e.g.SheissoniceagirlthatIloveher.她是如此好的一個女孩，所以我愛她。語法語法填空精選試題2024一模寶山區(qū) Thefirstisvolume:Bigdatainvolveslargeamountsofdata,mostof(23)_____eswithoutstructureororganization. Key:which2024一模崇明區(qū) “Andfindingslikethis—it’samoment(30)_____scientistslivefor.” Key:that/which2024一模黃浦區(qū) Thisweekend,youcouldforinstanceseekoutsomeveganicecream(27)______doesn’ttasteterrible. Key:that/which2024一模靜安區(qū) Thesuccessrateforforeignstudentswasamerely106studentslastyear(28)______hasslightlyimprovedto216studentsthisyear. Key:which2024一模金山區(qū) Itwasaphotoofalittlegirl(26)______Ididn’tknow,winningfirstprizeinaschooltalentshow.Key:who/whom/that2024一模閔行區(qū) Smartphoneappsalreadyexistthrough(23)______thesoundsofbirdsormammals(哺乳動物)canbeidentified.Key:which2024一模青浦區(qū) Herspontaneousidea,shesays,hashadaprofoundeffectonthewomen(30)______werepartofit. Key:who/that2024一模松江區(qū) ThemanyGenerationZandmillennialstendtousethisshorttermfinancing(22)______allowsthemtobuyitemsandpayforthemovertime. Key:which2024一模松江區(qū) It’sbeenalifelineforsomepeople,suchasauniversitystudent(25)______weeklyineisnotbigenough.Key:whose2024一模徐匯區(qū) Thecavesupportsmorethan130wildlifespeciessuchastheeyelesscavefish(29)______hasadaptedtothelightlessenvironmentbynolongergrowingeyes. Key:which2024一模楊浦區(qū) Thereismorethansufficientfoodforeveryone,40%of(22)________isunfortunatelywastedeveryday.Key:which2024一模長寧區(qū) Inmostcases,thechildhasexperiencedsignificantfrustrationsresultingfromthedeathorabsenceofaparent,haswitnessedorbeenvictimsofviolence,orhashadasignifi