2023年12月份第1周 英語好題

2023年12月份第1周英語好題推薦

學(xué)校：姓名：班級(jí)：考號(hào)：

一、閱讀理解

Nashequilibrium（納什均衡）isnamedafterJohnNash,anAmericanmathematician.Isa

kindofconcept,whichattemptstodeterminemathematicallyandlogicallytheactionsthat

participantsofagameshouldtaketosecurethebestoutcomesforthemselves.

Tofinditinagame,onewouldhavetomodelouteachofthepossiblescenariosto

determinetheresultsandthenchoosewhatthemostsatisfactoryystrategywouldbe.Ina

twopersongame,thiswouldtakeintoconsiderationthepossiblestrategiesthatbothplayers

couldchoose.Ifneitherplayerchangestheirstrategyknowingalloftheinformation,aNash

equilibriumhasoccurred.

ImagineagamebetweenTomandSam.Inthissimplegame,bothplayerscanchoose

strategyAtoreceive$1,orstrategyBtolose$1.Logically,bothplayerschoosestrategyA

andreceiveapayoffof$1.IfyourevealedSam'sstrategytoTomandviceversa（反之亦

然）,youseethatnoplayer'schoiceisdifferentfromtheoriginalone.Knowingtheother

player'smovemeanslittleanddoesn'tchangeeitherplayer'sbehavior.OutcomeArepresents

theNashequilibrium.

Nashequilibriumhelpsaplayerdeterminethebestpayoffinasituationbasedonnot

onlytheirdecisionsbutalsothedecisionsofotherpartiesinvolved.Itcanalsobeusedin

manyaspectsoflife,fromeconomicstosocialbehavioralsciences,frombusinessstrategies

toahousesaleandsoon.

Unlikedominantstrategy,Nashequilibriumdoesn'talwaysleadtothemostsatisfactory

outcome.Inmostcases,suchasinwar,whetherthatisamilitarywarorabiddingwar,an

individualrarelyknowstheopponent'sstrategyorwhattheywanttheoutcometobe.Itjust

meansthatanindividualchoosesthebeststrategybasedontheinformationtheyhave.Nash

equilibriumcanonlyoccurifaplayerchoosestoremainwiththeircurrentstrategyifthey

knowtheiropponent'sstrategy.Furthermore,inmultiplegamesplayedwiththesame

opponents,itdoesnottakeintoconsiderationpastbehavior,whichoftenpredictsfuture

behavior.

1、WhichkindofconceptdoesNashequilibriumbelongto?

A.Gametheory.B.Secrecystrategies.

C.Playerinformation.D.Participationqualifications.

2、HowdoestheauthorexplainNashequilibrium?

A.Byquotingsayings.B.Bydrawingaparallel.

C.Bymakingcomparisons.D.Bygivinganillustration.

3、Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytellusaboutNashequilibrium?

A.Itselements.B.Itsdrawbacks.

C.Itsapplications.D.Itsbackgrounds.

4、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetoNashequilibrium?

A.Resistant.B.Objective.C.Confused.D.Curious.

Humanshavelongknownthatbeinginnatureisgoodforthemindandbody.From

indigenous（本土的）adolescentscompletingtheadultceremonyinthewildtomodemEast

Asianculturestaking"forestbaths”,manyhavelookedtonatureasaplaceforhealingand

personalgrowth.Butthequestionstillremains.Howcannaturemakeit?

Thereisnodoubtthatbeinginnaturereducesthephysiologicalsymptomsofstressin

ourbodies,Whatthismeansisthatwearelesslikelytobeanxiousandfearfulinnature,and

thereforewecanbemoreopentootherpeopleandcreativepatternsofthought.Also,nature

oftenleadstoawe,wonderandrespect,alltheseemotionsfacilitatingeverythingfrom

physicaltomentalhealth.Thereisalsosomeevidencethatexposuretonatureimpactsthe

brain.Viewingnaturalbeautymakesspecificrewardcircuitsinthebrainassociatedwith

dopaminerelease,achemicalthatgivesusasenseofpurpose,joyandenergytopursueour

goals.

But,regrettably,peopleseemtobespendinglesstimeoutdoorsandlesstimeinnature

thanbefore.Itisalsoclearthat,inthepast30years,people'slevelsofstressandsenseof

“busyness“haverisendramatically.Thesejointforceshaveledenvironmentalwriter

RichardLouvtocointheterm“NatureDeficitDisorder^^一aformofsufferingthatcomes

fromasenseofdisconnectionfromnatureanditspowers.

Perhapsweshouldtakenoteandtryacoursecorrective.The19thcenturyphilosopher

RalphWaldoEmersononcewroteaboutnature,“ThereIfeelthatnothingcanbefallmein

life-nodisgrace,nocalamity.^^ThesciencespeakstoEmerson'sintuition.Ifstimetorealize

thatnatureismorethanjustamaterialresource.It'salsoapathwaytohumanhealthand

happiness.

5、Whyare"indigenousadolescents"and"modemEastAsiancultures“mentionedin

paragraph1?

A.Toclarifyaviewpoint.

B.Toanswerthequestionbelow.

C.Topresentthenaturalscenery.

D.Toshowtheculturaldifferences.

6、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“facilitating“inparagraph2mean?

A.Restricting.B.Exposing.C.Promoting.D.Covering.

7、Whatisthetoneoftheauthorinwritingparagraph3?

A.Indifferent.B.Uneasy.C.Humorous.D.Proud.

8、Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.IsItTimetoChallengeYourselfinNature?

B.DoYouKnowNatureIsaMaterialResource?

C.WhyDoWeCareAbouttheNaturalEnvironment?

D.WhatCanHappenWhenWeConnectwithNature?

ArtistTomCampbellhasexhibitedhisworkatOutlawStudiosatMarinaCommercial

Park.TheexhibitionisTom'slargestonetodateandincludesaffordableart.Theinteractive

showismadeupofdrawings,paintings,sculpturesandliveperformances.Throughoutthe

exhibition.Tomisworking,givingthepublicanopportunitytowatchinsidehisstudioand

havetheirportraitsdrawn.Peoplecanalsocommissionapieceoftheirchoosing.

WallpaintingispartofTom'soutput.HehascreatedawallpaintingforElectricPicnic,

alongwithfourotherartistsinvitedtotakepartinthiscommission.Hiswallpaintinghasa

specialtheme,portrayedbydoves（鴿子）.Aswellashisanti-warstandpoint,heisdoing

somethingmeaningful.TomisafoundingmemberofatreeplantingprojectcalledTrees

Please.Thegrouphasdistributed10,000treesinaboutfouryearsacrossIreland.

HumourisalsoimportantforTominhisart.Hecantreatheavysubjectswithirony,

oftenemployinganaggressivecombinationoflivelycolorsandanimalswithwistful

expressionscommunicatingtheimportanceofrespect,peace,understandingandlove.Hehas

donecreativeworkformentalhealthcharities.

Tomwasbornwithaloveforart.Heenjoysplayingmusicalinstrumentsinpublic,like

theviolin.Hegetslotsofsmilesfrompeople.Healsosingsandhasanonlinechannel

featuringhissongs,whichareveryimprovised（艮口興的）.Allthiscreativityisalifelinefor

him.whobelievesthatartisanecessityratherthanaluxury.

Artissomethingeverybodycando.Ifcreativitywasembracedbypeopleinanopen

way,itcouldtransformsociety.Artcanbringalotofjoy.Everyoneiscreativeandenjoys

creativitywhetherit'smusicorvisualartorwhatever.

9、WhatdoweknowaboutTom'sexhibition?

A.Itistargetedattherich.

B.Ittakesonavarietyofforms.

C.Itisthelargestonethroughoutarthistory.

D.Itoffersanopportunitytopractisedrawing.

10、Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutTom?

A.Hissenseofhumorandcreativity.

B.Hisefforttoprotectplantsandanimals.

C.Hisadviceonpaintingandplantingtrees.

D.Hispassionforpeaceandtheenvironment.

11、WhatcanwelearnfromTom'simprovisedsongs?

A.Hehascreativetalent.B.Artisaluxury.

C.Arthasnoboundaries.D.Heispopularinpublic.

12、Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanthetextprobablyappear?

A.Literature.B.Finance.C.Figure.D.Society.

Ifyoufacetwosimilarvaluedoptionsforwheretoattendcollege,youhaveweighedthe

prosandcons,butyoustillhavedifficultydeciding.Youdecidetogiveitmoretime,and

thinkaboutitabitmore.

ThefindingsofafascinatingpapertitledIrrationalTimeAllocationinDecision-Making

suggestsyoumightbemakingamistake.Participantsintheresearchviewedimagesthat

containedpairsofdifferentfoodsandtheyhadtochoosewhichitemtheypreferredtoeat.

Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantsspentmoretimechoosingbetweenoptionsthat

wereroughlyequalinvaluethanbetweenoptionsinwhichtherewasalargevaluedisparity.

Inotherwords,peopletooklongerthantheyshouldhavewhendecidingbetweentwoequally

appealingchoices.Whenshownanunpleasantfoodalongsideafavoredfood,participants

chosequickly.Whenshownafavoredfoodalongsideanotherfavoredfood,peopletooka

while.

Relatedly,thereisresearchsuggestingthatpeopletakelongertodistinguishbetweentwo

numberswhenthereisasmalldifferencethanwhenthereisalargeone.Forexample,people

takelongertodeterminewhichnumberislargerbetween47vs49thanfor12vs35.Perhaps

thistendencyexplainswhypeopletakesolongtochoosebetweentwooptionswithroughly

equalpayoffs.Inthesamewaythatwehavedifficultydistinguishingnumbersthatarenearly

equalinvalue,wealsohavedifficultychoosingbetweenoptionsthatareroughlyequally

pleasant.

However,therearedoubtsamongpeople.Somethinkthisseemsnotreasonable.Iftwo

choicesareequallyappealing,thenthedecisionshouldn'ttakesolong.Somewonder

whetherthisworksintheoppositedirection一whetherdurationofdecision-makingimplies

thatoptionsareequal.Whenoptionsareroughlyequal,peopletendtotakealongtimeto

decide.Doesthissuggestthatifpeopletakealongtimetodecide,thenoptionsareroughly

equal?Maybeinsomeinstances,thelongerwetaketomakeadecision,thelessitmatters

whatweactuallychoose.

13、Whafspeople'scommonpracticeindecisionmaking?

A.Theyoftenrushadecisionwithoutmuchthinking.

B.Theyseldombalanceadvantagesanddisadvantages.

C.Theyonlyconcentrateontheirpersonalpreferences.

D.Theytendtospendtoomuchtimeontheiroptions.

14、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disparity“inparagraph3probablymean?

A.Difference.B.Preference.C.Growth.D.Potential.

15、Whatdoestheresearchconveyinparagraph4?

A.Itisdifficultforpeopletovaluetheiroptions.

B.Thevalueofnumbersisdifficulttodistinguish.

C.Peoplehesitatewhenfacingtwosimilarchoices.

D.Peopleprefertotakethosehigh-valuedoptions.

16、Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.NevertoolatetomakeadecisionB.Bepatientwithappealingchoices

C.Howtohandlevariouschoices?D.Themoretime,thebetterdecision?

二、七選五

17、YouaPrisonerofPerfection?

Doyoustruggleforagoalthatisbeyondyourreach?①Areyousetting

yourselfupforfailureandshamewhenyoucan'tachievetheunachievable?Understanding

whatdrivesperfectionismisthefirststeptowardreleasingthisself-createdanchorthatkeeps

usstuck.

Shameandfearareoftenthehiddendriversofperfectionism.Webelievethatifwecan

fashionaperfectlypolishedpersonality,flashourintelligence,andperfectourhumour,then

noonecanhurtuswithcriticismandwe'llwinrespectandapproval.

②Politicianswhodisplayadesperateneedtoberightandrefuseto

acknowledgemistakesoruncertaintyareoftendrivenbyasecretshame.Theyfearthat

showingvulnerability（弱點(diǎn)）willexposethemtotheaccusationthatthey9reweak.Theystick

toadesiretoberight,perfect,andpolished,evenwhenit'sobviousthattheemperorhasno

clothes.

Perfectionismkeepsusleaningtowardthefuture.We'reconstantlyevaluatingourselves

inordertodobetter.（3）_However,ifwecan'trelaxandenjoylightermoments,

thenwebecomeprisonersofourperfectionism.Wegetpainfullyself-consciousandtake

ourselvestooseriously.Sadly,wedeprive（錄!J奪）ourselvesofthesimplepleasureofenjoying

themomentandbeingourselves.

Werealizethatfailingatanyenterprisedoesn'tmeanthatweareafailure.

Withoutfailures,we911neverlearnfromourmistakes;we'llnevermoveforwardinourlives.

Thosewhosucceedhavemadecountlessmistakes.Theimportantthingistolearnfromour

error,forgiveourselvesandmoveon.

Beinghuman,perfectionisimpossible?Releasingourselvesfromthedesire

toprotectourimage,we'refreedtosailgracefullythroughoursuccessesandfailures一and

enjoyourpreciouslife.

A.Doyouholdanidealizedvisionthatisimpossibletorealize?

B.Acuretoperfectionismistomakeroomforourhumanshortcomings.

C.Doyoufearthatotherswillbehorrifiedbywhatyoujudgeaboutyourself?

D.Theaddictiontostayingperfectprotectsusfromanysignofbeingimperfect.

E.There9snothingwrongwithwantingtodoourbestandself-correctingalongtheway.

F.Peoplewhoareaddictedtoperfectionareoftenisolated,eveniftheyseemoutgoingand

popular.

G.Byacceptingourselvesasweareanddoingourbest,webegintoridtheshamethatdrives

perfectionism.

18、Eco-FriendlyChangesYouCanMaketoYourHome

Aspartofthemovetosavetheenvironmentandmoney,manypeoplehavemadelots

ofchangestotheirhomesoverthepastfewyears,andthetrend（趨勢(shì)）issettocontinuein

theyearsahead.①

Switchoutyourlightbulbs（燈泡）

Youmightnotthinkthatthiscouldmakeabigdifference.②WithLEDlight

bulbsbeingupto75%moreefficientthanstandardlightbulbs,itcouldsaveabout.$7.75per

monthtolightyourhomeifyoumadetheswitchtoLED.

Turntosolarenergy(太陽能)

Risingenergycostsareforcingpeopletolookfornewmethodsofpoweringtheirhomes.

(3).It'salsoaclean,renewableenergysource,meaningnotonlyisitcheaperfor

you,butenvironmentally-friendlytopoweryourhome.

④?

Windpowerismorestablethansolar,anditcanbeusedtoproducepower.Likesolar

options(選擇；選項(xiàng)),usingwindmeansthatitwon'tmatterasyou'llhaveacontinuous

powersourceofyourown.

Seal(密封)gapsarounddoorsandwindows

Oneverylow-costoptiontohelpyourhomebemoreefficientistostoptheairfrom

leavingyourhome.Ifyouhavegapsarounddoorsandwindows,theairfromyourair

conditioningsystemwillbeheadingliterallystraightoutside.?.

A.Iswindpoweranoption

B.Thesunisoneresourcethatisn'tgoingaway

C.Isitachallengetotakeadvantageofwindpower?

D.Somakethemostofyourairconditioningsystem

E.We'velistedafewoptionstomakeyourhomemoreeco-friendly

F.Thiswillincreaseyourenergybillasyoursystemwillworkharder

G.However,lightingaccountsforaround9%ofatypicalhome'senergyuse

三、短文填空

19、Nextyearcouldsee10.76millionfreshcollegegraduates,1.67millionmorethan

thatin2021.

Thisgreatestsizeisthebestevidenceofthecountry's①(improve)education

system.However,italsomeansgreaterpressureonthejobmarket,especiallyatatime②

COVID-19isstillaround.

(3)9.09millioncollegegraduatesin2021,ittooktheeffortsofallsidesto

stabilizetheemploymentrate.Inthecomingyear,evengreaterefforts(4)(need)

becausetheconflictbetweenjobseekersandcompanieshasnotbeensolvedyet,making⑤

difficultforgraduatestofindjobsandforcompaniestogettheiridealemployees.

However,recognizing(6)problemisthefirststeptoward⑦(solve)

it.Ontheonehand,thecentralleadershiphastakenaseriesof(8)(finance)and

investmentmeasurestohelpsmall-and-medium-sizedenterprisesincreasetheirprofitstoget

moregraduates.Ontheotherhand,theMinistryofEducationhasdonemore(9)

(make)job-relatedinformationknowntothepublicsothatitreacheseveryjob-seeking

graduate.Besides,somejobssuchasthoseof⑩(live-streamer)andonlinewriters

canbeofinteresttograduates.

Wishallthebesttotheupcomingfreshgraduatesandhopetheycaneasilyfindajobin

2022.

一ChinaDaily,December30th,2021

20、AncientForestFoundInsideAGiantSinkholeInChina

TheresidentsofLeyeCountyinSouthChina'sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegionare

familiar①sinkholes.Thearea's29sinkholesandundergroundcaveshaveearnedit

aUNESCOWorldHeritageSitename.Buttheone②(explore)byscientistsinearly

May2022hadanextraordinarysecret一awell-preservedancientforest.

LixinChen,(3)(found)oftheGuangxi702CaveExpeditionClub,andhisteam

firstwentinsidethemassivesinkholeonMay6,2022.Itdidnottake(4)(they)long

toreachfirmgroundtowalkon.Butthegroupsoonrealizedtheywerenowhereclosetothe

bottomofthe630-foot-deepsinkhole.Theyhadtowalkthroughtreesashighas130feetfor

afewhours⑤(get)there.

Sincethen,thescientists⑥(return)tothesinkholewhichtheynamed“The

Eagle“severaltimes.Theyhavefoundthreecollapsedcaves,evidenceof⑦ancient

undergroundriver,andasmallundergroundlake.Chensays,“Iwouldn'tbe(8)

(amaze)toknowthattherearespeciesfoundinthesecavesthathaveneverbeenreportedor

describedbyscienceuntilnow.”

Thesinkholes,(9)areleftundisturbedbyhumanactivity,canbeanoasis(綠

洲)forlife,especiallyfor⑩(previous)unknownspecies.

21、Goingagainstthetideofflockingtowell-knowntouristdestinationsonvacation,

①growingnumberofholidaymakersinChinatendtospendtheirleisuretimeat

lesser-known②(resort)toseekunique,relaxedholidayexperiences.Thiskindof

tourism,(3)_(call)“ReverseTourism”,hasemerged(4)anewtrendamong

youngholidaymakersinChina.Theyare⑤(increasing)reluctanttofollowtheherd,

someof(6)aresimplylookingtotakearestsomewherequietforacoupleofdays.

Unlike⑦(popularity)destinations,someunderexploredplaceswithlittleonline⑧

(expose)canoffermoresurprises.

⑨(give)arealboosttothetourismmarket,itissuggestedthatmoreefforts⑩

(make)totapthepotentialofunderrated,lesser-knowndestinations.

四、書面表達(dá)

22、假定你是校學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華。你校決定近期舉辦建校周年慶典活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你寫信邀

請(qǐng)外教Peter參加，內(nèi)容包括：

1.活動(dòng)時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)；

2.活動(dòng)內(nèi)容簡介；

3.注意事項(xiàng)。

注意：

1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

DearPeter,

Yours,

LiHua

23、假如你是李華，你校外教Caroline發(fā)朋友圈求退燒藥物你得知后寄去藥品并附留

言條。內(nèi)容包括：

1.藥品用法、用量；

2.飲食建議；

3.祝早日康復(fù)。

注意：

1.寫作詞數(shù)為80左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

DearCaroline,

Yours,

LiHua

24、假定你是李華，你的美國朋友Jack聽說你大學(xué)準(zhǔn)備攻讀“中醫(yī)藥學(xué)”專業(yè)，發(fā)郵

件向你詢問緣由，請(qǐng)你回復(fù)郵件。內(nèi)容包括：

1.中醫(yī)簡介；2.家庭影響；3.個(gè)人愿望。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯：中醫(yī)藥學(xué)TraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)

DearJack,

Thanksforyourletter!

Bestwishes!

Yours,

LiHua

五、完形填空(15空)

BeforearrivinginChina,IhadreadvariousbooksrelatingtoChina,famousChinese

novelsaswellasnon-fictionandtheseedsofmyfascinationwere1Therefore,on

arrival,Icouldn'thavebeenmore2tobelivinginthishistoricallyhugeandculturally

richcountry.

Yetdespitemyenthusiasm,learningChinesehadn'tevencrossedmy3Thiswasn't

ignoranceorlaziness,butratherfrightatthethoughtof4whatisregardedasthemost

difficultlanguageintheworld.Inmyview,theChineselanguagewastheprivilegeofthe

highlyintelligent.

5afterayearinChinaIbegantofeeluncomfortable,becauselotsofChinesepeople

couldspeakEnglishandyetIcouldn'tevenspeakthemostbasicChinese.Withthesefactors

anda(n)6foranewchallengeI7tobeginmylanguagejourney.

Atthebeginningoftwoyears,Imade8progress.Ifounditlessdifficultthanthought.

Whenspeaking9tonativespeakersinChinesetheyalmostalwaysunderstandme.But

ithasstillbeenthechallengethathastakenalotofhardworkand10ThethingIfind

mostdiscouragingislisteningsincenativespeakerstalk11Ican'talwaysunderstand

whafsbeensaid,butmyweeklyonlinelanguageexchangeshelpwiththis.Furthermore,

thereisalongwaytogo12Ireachmygoaloffluency.Thekeytoprogressistobe

patientandpersistent.Mybiggest13fromlearningChineseisthatit'snotonlyreachable

butcanalsobeenjoyable.LearningChinesenotonlyhelpedmeindailylife,but14my

culturalunderstandingofChina.NowmyonlyregretisthatIdidn't15earlier.

25、A.sownB.reproducedC.pulledD.boosted

26、A.hesitantB.joyfulC.calmD.awkward

27、A.legsB.fingersC.pathD.mind

28、A.learningB.complainingC.arguingD.handling

29、A.OtherwiseB.MoreoverC.NeverthelessD.Therefdre

30、A.responsibilityB.eagernessC.worryD.hesitation

31、A.insistedB.suggestedC.followedD.determined

32、A.manyB.muchC.fewD.little

33、A.completelyB.commonlyC.simplyD.secretly

34、A.expectationB.devotionC.discussionD.competition

35、A.inanattitudeB.inawayC.atapointD.ataspeed

36、A.afterB.sinceC.beforeD.unless

37、A.benefitB.journeyC.shortageD.struggle

38、A.signedB.movedC.declinedD.enhanced

39、A.comeB.startC.endD.retum

參考答案

1、答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Nashequilibrium（納什均衡）isnamedafterJohn

Nash,anAmericanmathematician.ltisakindofconcept,whichattemptstodetermine

mathematicallyandlogicallytheactionsthatparticipantsofagameshouldtaketosecurethe

bestoutcomesforthemselves.（納什均衡是以美國數(shù)學(xué)家約翰?納什的名字命名的。這是

一種概念，它試圖從數(shù)學(xué)和邏輯上確定游戲參與者應(yīng)該采取的行動(dòng)，以確保自己獲得

最佳結(jié)果。）可知，納什均衡屬于一種游戲理論概念。故選A。

2、答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段ImagineagamebetweenTomandSam.Inthissimple

game,bothplayerscanchoosestrategyAtoreceive$1,orstrategyBtolose

$1.Logically,bothplayerschoosestrategyAandreceiveapayoffof$l.Ifyourevealed

Sam'sstrategytoTomandviceversa（反之亦然），youseethatnoplayefschoiceis

differentfromtheoriginalone.Knowingtheotherplayer'smovemeanslittleanddoesn't

changeeitherplayefsbehavior.OutcomeArepresentstheNashequilibrium.（想象——下湯姆

和薩姆之間的一場(chǎng)比賽。在這個(gè)簡單的游戲中，雙方玩家都可以選擇策略A獲得1美

元，或者選擇策略B損失1美元。邏輯上，雙方都選擇策略A并獲得1美元收益。如

果你將Sam的策略透露給Tom,反之亦然，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有玩家的選擇與最初的不同。

知道其他玩家的移動(dòng)并不意味著什么，也不會(huì)改變?nèi)魏瓮婕业男袨?。結(jié)果A代表納什

均衡。）可知，作者通過舉例說明解釋第三段中的納什均衡。故選D。

3、答案：C

解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段Nashequilibriumhelpsaplayerdeterminethebestpayoff

inasituationbasedonnotonlytheirdecisionsbutalsothedecisionsofotherparties

involved.ltcanalsobeusedinmanyaspectsoflife,fromeconomicstosocialbehavioral

sciences,frombusinessstrategiestoahousesaleandsoon.（納什均衡幫助玩家在一種情

況下確定最佳收益，這種情況不僅基于他們自己的決策，也基于其他參與方的決策。

它也可以用于生活的許多方面，從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)到社會(huì)行為科學(xué)，從商業(yè)策略到房屋銷售等

等。）可知，關(guān)于納什均衡，第四段主要告訴了我們它的應(yīng)用。故選C。

4、答案：B

解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段Nashequilibriumhelpsaplayerdeterminethebestpayoff

inasituationbasedonnotonlytheirdecisionsbutalsothedecisionsofotherpartiesinvolved.

（納什均衡幫助玩家在一種情況下確定最佳收益，這種情況不僅基于他們自己的決

策，也基于其他參與方的決策。）以及第五段中Unlikedominantstrategy,Nash

equilibriumdoesn'talwaysleadtothemostsatisfactoryoutcome.（與優(yōu)勢(shì)策略不同，納什

均衡并不總是導(dǎo)致最令人滿意的結(jié)果。）可知，第四段談到納什均衡幫助玩家在一種

情況下確定最佳收益，第五段指出納什均衡并不總是導(dǎo)致最令人滿意的結(jié)果。由此可

推知，作者客觀地看待納什均衡。A.Resistant抵抗的；B.Objective客觀的；

C.Confused困惑的；D.Curious好奇的。故選B。

5、答案：A

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第—段Humanshavelongknownthatbeinginnatureisgoodfor

themindandbody.Fromindigenous（本土的）adolescentscompletingtheadultceremony

inthewildtomodernEastAsianculturestaking"forestbaths",manyhavelookedtonature

asaplaceforhealingandpersonalgrowth.Butthequestionstillremains.Howcannature

makeit?（人類早就知道身處大自然對(duì)身心都有好處。從在野外完成成人儀式的土著

青少年到現(xiàn)代東亞文化中的“森林浴”，許多人都將大自然視為治愈和個(gè)人成長的地

方。但問題依然存在。大自然是怎么做到的呢？）可知，作者提及土著青少年和現(xiàn)代

東亞文化是為了闡明一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：置身大自然對(duì)身心都有好處。故選A。

6、答案：C

解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段Thereisnodoubtthatbeinginnaturereducesthe

physiologicalsymptomsofstressinourbodies.（毫無疑問，在大自然中可以減少我們身

體中壓力的生理癥狀。）以及Thereisalsosomeevidencethatexposuretonatureimpacts

thebrain.（還有一些證據(jù)表明，接觸大自然會(huì)影響大腦。）可知，此處為大自然常常

讓人敬畏、驚嘆和尊重，所有這些情感都有助于從身體到心理健康的一切。故可猜測(cè)

劃線單詞facilitating為“促進(jìn)”的意思。A.Restricting限制;B.Exposing暴露；

C.Promoting促進(jìn)；D.Covering覆蓋。故選C。

7、答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段But,regrettably,peopleseemtobespendinglesstime

outdoorsandlesstimeinnaturethanbefore.ltisalsoclearthat,inthepast30years,

people'slevelsofstressandsenseof"busyness"haverisendramatically.Thesejointforces

haveledenvironmentalwriterRichardLouvtocointheterm"NatureDeficitDisorder**一a

formofsufferingthatcomesfromasenseofdisconnectionfromnatureanditspowers.（但

是，令人遺憾的是，人們花在戶外和大自然中的時(shí)間似乎比以前少了。同樣明顯的

是，在過去的30年里，人們的壓力水平和“忙碌”感急劇上升。這些共同的力量使得環(huán)

境作家RichardLouv創(chuàng)造了”自然缺失癥”這個(gè)術(shù)語--一種來自于與自然及其力量脫節(jié)的

痛苦。）可推知，作者寫第三段的語氣是不安的，對(duì)此感到很擔(dān)憂。B.Uneasy不

安；A.Indifferent冷漠的；C.Humorous幽默的；D.Proud驕傲的。故選B。

8、答案：D

解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段Fromindigenous（本土的）adolescentscompletingthe

adultceremonyinthewildtomodernEastAsianculturestaking"forestbaths",manyhave

lookedtonatureasaplaceforhealingandpersonalgrowth.Butthequestionstill

remains.Howcannaturemakeit?（從在野外完成成人儀式的土著青少年到現(xiàn)代東亞文

化中的“森林浴”，許多人都將大自然視為治愈和個(gè)人成長的地方。但問題依然存在。

大自然是怎么做到的呢？）可知，文章介紹了接觸大自然的好處：促進(jìn)身心健康。因

此可知，D.WhatCanHappenWhenWeConnectwithNature?（當(dāng)我們與自然聯(lián)系

時(shí)，會(huì)發(fā)生什么？）為最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。

9、答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中TheexhibitionisTom'slargestonetodateandincludes

affordableart.Theinteractiveshowismadeupofdrawings,paintings,sculpturesandlive

performances.（這次展覽是湯姆迄今為止最大的一次展覽，其中包括價(jià)格