中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 考點(diǎn)詳解+真題練習(xí)專項(xiàng)突破38 閱讀理解之記敘文（含解析）

專項(xiàng)38閱讀理解之記敘文一、材料特點(diǎn) 人物故事類的閱讀理解是中考英語的?？疾牧现?。這類文章一般可分為人物傳記和短篇故事兩類。1.人物傳記主要涉及某人的生平事跡、趣聞?shì)W事、生活背景、個(gè)性特征、成長(zhǎng)和奮斗歷程等，其特點(diǎn)是以時(shí)間的先后或事件的發(fā)展為主線，脈絡(luò)清楚，可讀性較強(qiáng)。2.短篇故事與人物傳記不同的是，這類文章一般描述的是某一件具體事情的發(fā)生發(fā)展或結(jié)局，有人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和事件。命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的態(tài)度及意圖、故事前因和后果的推測(cè)等方面著手，考查考生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的辨認(rèn)能力以及推理判斷能力。二、解題技巧1.閱讀人物傳記類文章時(shí)應(yīng)該抓住時(shí)間線索來獲取有關(guān)信息，即主人翁在某個(gè)時(shí)間做過什么，然后通過分析推理、綜合歸納的方法進(jìn)行解題。2.閱讀短篇故事類材料時(shí)，同學(xué)們一定要根據(jù)主要情節(jié)掌握文章主旨大意，同時(shí)抓住每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，設(shè)身處地地根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容揣摩作者的態(tài)度和意圖，根據(jù)情節(jié)展開想象，這樣的話即使是深層理解題也可迎刃而解。A（2022·山東東營(yíng)·中考真題）I’mgoodinschool.Idomyworkandstudyalot,butforsomereason,Ihaveaverybadhabitoflosingthings.Lastsummer,Iwasonvacationwithmyfamilyatthebeach.Onthefirstday,myfathergavemeawatchtotaketheplaceoftheoneIhadlosttheyearbefore.“Youneedtohaveawatch,sotakegoodcareofthisone,”hesaid.Thenextday,Iwentswimming.Thesunwasshiningonthewater.Thewaterwaswarmandbeautiful.Iswam.Ifloated(漂浮).Idove(潛水).Ireallyenjoyedbeinginthewater.BythetimeIreturnedtobeach,IwasquitetiredsoIlaydown.Atthatmoment,Irememberedmywatchandlookedtoseewhattimeitwas.Butitwasgone!Isearchedallafternoon,butIcouldnotfindit.Thatnightatdinner,Iarrivedwithmysleeves(衣袖)pulleddown,hopingnoonewouldnoticethatIdidn’thavemywatch.Mysisterasked,“Whattimeisit?”“AskTom,”mymothersaid.“Hehastheexpensivenewwatch.”Dadlookedatmeandsaid,“Don’ttellmethatyou’velostthewatchalready!”“No!”Isaid.Iwassweating(出汗)withgreatfear.IknewIwasgoingtobecaughtinaterriblelie(謊言).Justthen,therewasanannouncement，“Ladiesandgentlemen,averynicewatchwasfoundonthebeachtoday.Ifyoulostoneandcanidentify(確認(rèn))it,pleasecometothefrontdesk.”Immediately(立刻),IknewwhatIhadtodo.Islowlygotup,withmywholefamilystaringatme.Iwenttothedesk.Thereitwas.Thewatchwasnotbroken.Itwasstillworking.Iwalkedbacktothetable,satdownandsaidinalowvoice,“I’msorryIdidn’ttellthetruth.”Myfamilysmiled.TheyknewthatIhadfinallylearnedmylesson.1．Tom’sfathergavehimanewwatchbecauseTom_________.A．neededone B．wasonvacation C．dislikedhisoldone D．behavedwellatschool2．WhatdidTomdowhenhefoundthewatchwasgone?A．Hetoldhisfatheraboutthat. B．Heaskedthefrontdeskforhelp.C．Hespentallafternoonsearchingforit. D．Hedidnothingandcontinuedlyingonthebeach.3．HowmightTomfeelaftersaying“No”?A．Upset. B．Worried. C．Relaxed. D．Disappointed.4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Tomstudieshard. B．Tomswimswell. C．Tomalwaystellslies. D．Tomoftenlosesthings.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)esson”inthelastsentencereferto?A．Takegoodcareofourthings. B．It’simportanttolistentoparents.C．Weshouldexcuseothers’mistakes. D．Facemistakesbravelyratherthantellinglies.【答案】1．A

2．C

3．B

4．C

5．A【導(dǎo)語】本文講述了作者有個(gè)愛丟東西的習(xí)慣，在去年夏天，作者又丟失了爸爸新給他買的手表，不過最后失而復(fù)得，但從這次經(jīng)歷中作者也懂得了：要保管好自己的東西，不再說謊。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Youneedtohaveawatch,sotakegoodcareofthisone”可知，因?yàn)門om需要手表，所以爸爸給他買了一塊新的，故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Isearchedallafternoon,butIcouldnotfindit.”可知，他花費(fèi)了整整一個(gè)下午都在找手表，故選C。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Iwassweating(出汗)withgreatfear.”可知，他說了“不”之后，他很害怕很擔(dān)心，故選B。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Isaid.Iwassweating(出汗)withgreatfear.IknewIwasgoingtobecaughtinaterriblelie(謊言).”可知，Tom這次撒謊了，自己認(rèn)為是可怕的謊言，且自己感覺到巨大的恐懼，說明他平時(shí)不撒謊，故選C。5．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Iwalkedbacktothetable,satdownandsaidinalowvoice,‘I’msorryIdidn’ttellthetruth.’Myfamilysmiled.TheyknewthatIhadfinallylearnedmylesson.”可知，家人知道Tom吸取了教訓(xùn)，所以單詞“l(fā)esson”指的是“我們要好好照看我們的東西”，故選A。B（2022·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）Inthecave,Isawgoldcoinsinacorner.TheywereFlint’streasure!Wehadcomesofartofindthis.AlreadyithadcostthelivesofseventeenmenfromtheHispaniola.Andhowmanyothers?Howmanyshipshadgonetothebottomofthesea?Howmanybravemenhadbeenkilledforthis?Perhapsnomanalivecouldtell.Nextmorning,wemovedallthegoldtothebeach.ThenwetookitbyboattotheHispaniola.Itwasabigjobforsosmallanumberofmen.Thenatlast,onesunnymorning,wesailedoutofNorthInletandtowardsthenearestport(港口)inSpanishAmerica.Beforeafternoon,TreasureIslandhaddisappearedfromview,andIhadneverfelthappiertoleaveaplacebehind.Thesunwasgoingdownwhenwesailedintotheport,andthedoctorandMrTrelawneytookmetothebeach.Whenwecameback,BenGunnwaswaitingforus.“Silverhasgone,”hetoldus,“butnotempty-handed.He’stakenoneofthebagsofcoinsperhapsworththreeorfourhundredguineas.”Ithinkwewereallpleasedtolosethebadmanatsosmallaprice.Wefoundsomesailorsfortheshipattheport,andthenhadagoodjourneyhome.OnlyfiveofthemenwhohadsailedfromBristolwiththeHispaniolareturnedwithher.Wealltookalargepieceofthetreasure.Someuseditwisely,butsomedidnot.CaptainSmollettnolongergoestosea.Graysavedhismoneyandnowisahalf-ownerandcaptainofafineship.BenGunngotathousandpoundswhichhespentorlostinthreeweeks,thenhecamebeggingandwasgivenajobasagatekeeper.OfSilverwehaveheardnomore.Thatscaryseamanwithoneleghasgoneoutofmylife.IwillneverreturntoTreasureIsland,butinmyworstdreamsIstillhearthesharp,highcriesofCaptainFlinttheparrot,“Piecesofeight!Piecesofeight!”—AdaptedfromTreasureIsland6．WhatdoyouknowfromParagraph1?A．Seventeenpeoplelefttheislandontheship.B．Thereweresomanygoldcoinsintheships.C．Manypeoplelosttheirlivesforthetreasure.D．Onlythewriterfoundgoldcoinsinthecave.7．Whichistherightorderofthestory?a.Wesailedintotheport.b.WesailedoutofNorthInlet.c.Wemovedallthegoldtothebeach.d.wetookitbyboattotheHispaniola.A．c-b-d-a B．c-d-b-a C．b-a-d-c D．b-d-a-c8．WhichwastrueaboutSilver?A．Heleftwithabagofgold. B．Hetookthewritertothebeach.C．Heleftwithemptyhands. D．Hewenthomewiththewriter.9．Theunderlinedword“her”refersto________.A．TreasureIsland B．NorthInletC．Bristol D．theHispaniola10．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Astoryaboutlivingonanisland.B．Astoryabouttakingarelaxingtrip.C．Astoryaboutlookingfortreasure.D．Astoryaboutfindingdifferentjobs.【答案】6．C

7．B

8．A

9．D

10．C【導(dǎo)語】本文改編自一部長(zhǎng)篇小說《金銀島》，講述了一個(gè)關(guān)于尋找寶藏的故事。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“AlreadyithadcostthelivesofseventeenmenfromtheHispaniola.Andhowmanyothers?Howmanyshipshadgonetothebottomofthesea?Howmanybravemenhadbeenkilledforthis?Perhapsnomanalivecouldtell.”可知，許多人為了財(cái)富而喪命。故選C。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Nextmorning,wemovedallthegoldtothebeach.”，“ThenwetookitbyboattotheHispaniola.”和“Thenatlast,onesunnymorning,wesailedoutofNorthInletandtowardsthenearestport(港口)inSpanishAmerica.”可知，c-d-b-a為正確的順序。故選B。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“‘Silverhasgone,’hetoldus,‘butnotempty-handed.He’stakenoneofthebagsofcoinsperhapsworththreeorfourhundredguineas.’”可知，Silver帶著一袋金子走了。故選A。9．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“OnlyfiveofthemenwhohadsailedfromBristolwiththeHispaniolareturnedwithher.”可知，在隨伊斯帕尼奧拉從布里斯托爾啟航的船員中，只有五人隨她返回。her指代的是“theHispaniola”。故選D。10．主旨大意題。本文改編自一部長(zhǎng)篇小說《金銀島》，講述了一個(gè)關(guān)于尋找寶藏的故事。C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)關(guān)于尋找寶藏的故事”符合。故選C。C（2022·山東菏澤·三模）LuisMoralesis18yearsoldandcomesfromatinyvillageinColombia.UntilaboutsevenyearsagooneofLuis’sfavoriteswastogointothethickforestaroundhishometohunt（獵殺）wildanimals,especiallybirds.Now,however,heandagroupofotherlocalyouthsworkwithaninternationalorganizationcalledWildlifeWorld,tostudyandprotectthebirdsandtheirenvironment.WildlifeWorldhassetupseveralofthesegroupsacrossthearea.“Informationwegetfromthechildrenhelpsuslearnhowthebirdsandotheranimalsusetheforest,whattheyeatandhowbestwecanprotectthem.Theprojecthasworkedverywellandwehopetosetupmoregroupsinthefuture,”saysarealeaderFelipeRamos.Luisistheoldestandmostexperiencedmemberofhisgroup.“BeforeIjoined,IplannedtobeadoctorandleavethevillageassoonasIwasoldenough,”Luissays.“ButnowIwanttogotouniversity,becomeascientistandreturnheretosavethesebirdsandtheirenvironment.Beingpartofthegrouphashadahugeeffect（影響）onme.”Luisalsospendstimewiththeyoungerchildreninthevillage.“Thereisnotmuchtodohereafterschool,”hesays,“soItrytoaskthemtojoininouractivities.Aswellasbirdwatchingandnaturestudies,wealsododramaandart.Thedramahasbeensuccessfulandwenowhaveatheatergroupof30children.Wetourinthearea,performingdifferentplays.”11．Sevenyearsago,whatwasLuis’sattitudetowardsbirdsintheforest?A．Heknewtheywereindanger.B．Hethoughtitwasfuntohuntthem.C．Hewasnotinterestedinthematall.12．WhatdothechildrendoforWildlifeWorld?A．Theyusetheforestwell.B．Theyhelplookafterwildlife.C．Theyprovidevaluableinformation.13．ToknowwhatLuisdoeswiththeyoungerchildreninhisvillage,wecanread________.A．Paragraph2 B．Paragraph3 C．Paragraph414．Thewriterwrotethepassagemainlyto________.A．explainwhyenvironmentalprotectionisimportantB．showhowWildlifeWorldhaschangedaboyC．suggestwaystohelptheenvironment【答案】11．B

12．C

13．C

14．B【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了保護(hù)環(huán)境的組織“野生動(dòng)物世界”的相關(guān)內(nèi)容及Luis的相關(guān)事跡。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“UntilaboutsevenyearsagooneofLuis’sfavoriteswastogointothethickforestaroundhishometohunt（獵殺）wildanimals,especiallybirds.”（大約七年前，Luis最喜歡的一件事就是到他家周圍的茂密森林里去獵殺野生動(dòng)物，尤其是鳥類。）可推斷出七年前Luis覺得獵殺森林中的鳥類很有趣。故選B。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Informationwegetfromthechildrenhelpsuslearnhowthebirdsandotheranimalsusetheforest,whattheyeatandhowbestwecanprotectthem.”（我們從孩子們那里獲得的信息幫助我們了解鳥類和其他動(dòng)物如何利用森林，它們吃什么，以及我們?nèi)绾巫詈玫乇Ｗo(hù)它們。）可知孩子們?yōu)橐吧鷦?dòng)物世界提供了有價(jià)值的信息。故選C。13．段落大意題。根據(jù)“‘Thereisnotmuchtodohereafterschool,’hesays,‘soItrytoaskthemtojoininouractivities.Aswellasbirdwatchingandnaturestudies,wealsododramaandart”（“放學(xué)后這里沒什么可做的，”他說，”所以我試著請(qǐng)他們參加我們的活動(dòng)。除了觀鳥和自然研究，我們還做戲劇和藝術(shù)。”）可知第四段主要講述了Luis對(duì)村里年幼的孩子做了什么。故選C。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“UntilaboutsevenyearsagooneofLuis’sfavoriteswastogointothethickforestaroundhishometohunt（獵殺）wildanimals,especiallybirds.Now,however,heandagroupofotherlocalyouthsworkwithaninternationalorganizationcalledWildlifeWorld,tostudyandprotectthebirdsandtheirenvironment”（大約七年前，Luis最喜歡的一件事就是到他家周圍的茂密森林里去獵殺野生動(dòng)物，尤其是鳥類。然而，現(xiàn)在，他和一群其他當(dāng)?shù)啬贻p人與一個(gè)名為“野生動(dòng)物世界”的國(guó)際組織合作，研究和保護(hù)鳥類及其環(huán)境。）可知作者寫這篇文章主要是為了展示“野生動(dòng)物世界”是如何改變一個(gè)男孩的。故選B。D（2022·山東·青島市嶗山區(qū)育才學(xué)校二模）DuringtheTangDynasty,EmperorTaizongaskedtheprimeministerFengDeyitolookfortalentedpeople.However,severalmonthspassed,Fengdidn’tfindanyone.“Itriedmybest,buttherearenotunusualandwell-roundedpeopleatall,”Fengsaid.“Peoplearelikeutensils(器物).Whatweneedtodoistomakegooduseoftheirstrengths.Youshouldblame(責(zé)怪)yourselffornotnoticingtalentedpeople.Howcouldyousaythattherearenotalentedpeopleinourcountry?”saidtheemperor.Itisreallytruethateachutensilortoolhasaspecificuse.Aknifeismadetocutthingswhilechopsticksaremadetopickupfood.Wecan’tuseaknifeaschopsticks.Likeautensil,eachpersonhasaspecialstrength.Nobodyisperfect.Wecan’texpectapersontobegoodateverything.Withthisideainmind,EmperorTaizongdiscoveredmanytalentedpeopleofdifferentbackgrounds.Heofferedthemimportantpositions,whichhelpedthemmakethemostoftheirtalents.AgoodexampleisMaZhou,whogrewupinapoorfamily.Magavealotofusefuladvice,soEmperorTaizongofferedhimapositionandpromoted(晉升)himmanytimes.Mahelpedtheemperordealwithdifficultproblemsandbecameafamouspersoninhistory.Duringthatperiod,theimportantofficialsaroundEmperorTaizong,suchasFangXuanling,WeiZheng,LiJing,allwerethebrightestandthebestofthetimewiththeirownstrongpoints.EmperorTaizong’stalentedpeoplehelpedthesocietydevelopandcreateda“goldenage”.15．Whycouldn’tFengDeyifindanytalentedpeopleinTaizong’sopinion?A．Hisstandardswerewrong.B．Therewerenotalentedpeoplethen.C．Hewasafraidofbeingreplaced.D．Hewasn’tsatisfiedwiththeemperor.16．Knivesandchopsticksarecomparedto________.A．positions B．backgrounds C．tools D．people17．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“makethemostof”inParagraph5?A．C