Unit4SpaceExploration一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)案-高三英語(yǔ)人教版

主備人賈巧蓮校對(duì)人李文艷高一年級(jí)一部英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)學(xué)案使用日期：2023年11月25日編號(hào)：UNIT4語(yǔ)法教學(xué)教學(xué)目標(biāo)：學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)；教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)的用法導(dǎo)學(xué)在初中階段我們就已經(jīng)接觸到過(guò)很多不定式短語(yǔ)，那么不定式短語(yǔ)的作用是什么呢？動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)自學(xué)Findtheverbswithedandinginthetext,makesentencewiththem.互學(xué)Shareyouranswersingroups.展學(xué)Showyouranswersactively.教學(xué)Grammar動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswithgrammar“theinfinitive”usedastheadverbialandattributive.Tobeginwith,teachersshouldleadstudentstorevisewhattheyhavelearnedaboutthisgrammarbyanalyzingthesentencepatternsinthetextandsomesimplesentences.Andthen,teachersmoveontostressmorespecialcasesconcerningthisgrammar。Thisperiodcarriesconsiderablesignificancetothecultivationofstudents’writingpetenceandlaysasolidfoundationforthebasicappreciationoflanguagebeauty.Theteacherisexpectedtoenablestudentstomasterthisperiodthoroughlyandconsolidatetheknowledgebydoingsomeexercises.1.Guidestudentstoreviewthebasicusagesof“theinfinitive”usedastheadverbialandattributive.2.LeadstudentstolearntousesomespecialcasesconcerningtheP“theinfinitive”usedastheadverbialandattributive.3.Enablestudentstousethebasicphrasesstructuresflexibly.4.Strengthenstudents’greatinterestingrammarlearning.Helpstudentstoappreciatethefunctionof“theinfinitive”usedastheadverbialandattributive.2.Instructstudentstowriteessaysusingtheproper“theinfinitive”usedastheadverbialandattributive.觀察下列句子特點(diǎn)，總結(jié)共同點(diǎn)。指出下列句子中畫(huà)線部分所作的句子成分1．Canyoufindaproperpersontofinishthisjobintime？2．Doyouhaveanythingtobetakenthere?3．Ihurriedtohishouse,onlytofindhimout.4．He'soldenoughtomakeatripalone.5．Doyouhaveanythingtodotonight?6．Inhisthirdyear,heleftHarvardtoworkforapanycalledMicrosoft.答案：1.定語(yǔ)2.定語(yǔ)3.狀語(yǔ)4.狀語(yǔ)5.定語(yǔ)6.狀語(yǔ)一、不定式作定語(yǔ)1．不定式作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞，不定式和它所修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系、主謂關(guān)系、動(dòng)狀關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系。不定式通常要放在這些被修飾的詞后。Ihavealotofworktodo.我有許多工作要做。(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)Heisthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.他是第一個(gè)想到這個(gè)主意的人。(主謂關(guān)系)Ihavenotimetogothere.我沒(méi)有時(shí)間去那兒。(動(dòng)狀關(guān)系)Hehasgotachancetogoabroad.他有一個(gè)出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。(同位關(guān)系)(1)不定式與其所修飾的詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，而該不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后須加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。Iamlookingforaroomtolivein.我正在找一間屋子住。(2)當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)形式，也可用被動(dòng)形式，但其含義有所不同。Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么東西要寄嗎？(不定式tosend的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“你”)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎？(不定式tobesent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”)2．不定式作定語(yǔ)的幾種情況：(1)不定式作定語(yǔ)可以表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。Iborrowedsomebookstoreadduringmyholiday.我借了一些我假期要讀的書(shū)。(2)序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)，thelast,theonly等詞后或被這些詞修飾的名詞/代詞后，且與中心詞之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.他總是第一個(gè)到校，最后一個(gè)離校。(3)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí)，常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的該類名詞有：plan,ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。Andthebestwaytostrengthenwillpoweristomakeitintoahabit.增強(qiáng)意志力最好的方法就是讓意志力成為一種習(xí)慣。(2)單句寫(xiě)作①突然她想到了一個(gè)好主意，但是她找不到寫(xiě)的紙。Suddenlyagoodideaoccurredtoher,butshecouldn'tfindanypaper______________.②她是第一個(gè)在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲得金牌的女性。Shewasthefirstwoman____________thegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.【答案】：①towriteon②towin二、不定式作狀語(yǔ)1．結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：onlytodo;enoughtodo(足夠做……);too...to...(太……而不能……);so/such...asto...(如此……以至于……)。Hehurriedtotherailwaystation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.他匆忙趕到火車站，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。Hewassotiredastobeunabletowalk.＝Hewastootiredtowalk.他累得走不動(dòng)了．【點(diǎn)津】現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常常表示“自然而然、意料之中或順理成章”的結(jié)果。Ithasn'trainedforamonth,makingthecropshardtogrow.一個(gè)月沒(méi)下雨了導(dǎo)致莊稼很難生長(zhǎng)。2．目的狀語(yǔ)不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)主要表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的目的。常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：onlyto(僅僅為了);inorderto;so...asto;so(such)...asto...(如此……以便……)Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。Iehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.我來(lái)僅僅是向你告別?！军c(diǎn)津】1.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作目的狀語(yǔ),當(dāng)不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)有自己的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，要用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)即在不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)之前加for＋名詞或賓格代詞作狀語(yǔ)。Heopenedthedoorforthechildrentoein.他開(kāi)門讓孩子們進(jìn)來(lái)。目的狀語(yǔ)從句與不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換英語(yǔ)中的目的狀語(yǔ)從句，還可以變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ交虿欢ㄊ蕉陶Z(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，從而使句子在結(jié)構(gòu)上得以簡(jiǎn)化?？煞譃閮煞N情況：1當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，可以直接簡(jiǎn)化為不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。We'llstartearlyinorderthat/sothatwemayarriveintime.→We'llstartearlyinorderto/soastoarriveintime.2當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)不相同時(shí)，要用動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。Icameearlyinorderthatyoumightreadmyreportbeforethemeeting.→Icameearlyinorderforyoutoreadmyreportbeforethemeeting.檢學(xué)Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Heis______(determine)tostayforalongtime.2.Asatellitehasbeen_______(launch)tolearnmoreaboutspace.3.Iwas______(disappoint)thatJohnwasnotthere.4.Yourdesireforsuccessleavesadeepimpression____me.5.Whileweliveintheschooldormitory,wehavetolive____(independent).6.Shewasforcedtoliveasimplelifebecauseoflack_____money.7.Howdo______(astronaut)doexerciseinthespace?8.Ithinkyouare____(mental)tired.9.She_____(signal)usthateverythingwasallright.10.Ithoughthewasveryattractiveandobviouslyvery______(intelligence).11.Hecam______(show)mehisnewsciencebook.

12.OurEnglishteacherhasmanyways_____(make)herclassinteresting.

13.Thedoctorsarebusydoingwhattheycan____(save)thedyingman.

14.Theoldmanwastooangry______(say)aword.

15.Hegotupearly____(catch)thebus.

16.HehurriedtothestationtoseeTomoff,only_____(find)hehadalreadyleft.

17.Hehasalotofwork_____(do)everyweekend.

18.Theyarelookingforaroom_____(live)in.

19.Ihavenochance____(go)sightseeingwithsomuchworktodo.

20.He