英語學(xué)科語法小專題-定語從句與名詞性從句-答案

2023屆英語學(xué)科語法小專題學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間______年______月______日班級(jí)姓名教學(xué)內(nèi)容區(qū)分定語從句與名詞性從句課型語法知識(shí)回顧定從：用一個(gè)句子修飾、限定另一個(gè)句子中的名詞或代詞宜用that不用which的情況先行詞既指人又指物。先行詞被“三否四代五個(gè)the”修飾。no,none,littleeach,every,any,muchthevery,thesame,theonly,thefirst,thelast先行詞本身是不定代詞。先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾。先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾。關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)?shù)膹木涑煞种复南刃性~限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句who主語人√√whom表語，動(dòng)詞賓語，介詞賓語人√√whose定語人/（物）√√which主語,表語,動(dòng)詞賓語，介詞賓語物√√that主語,表語，動(dòng)詞賓語，介詞賓語人/物√×as主語,表語,動(dòng)詞賓語物/（人）√√②介詞+關(guān)系代詞：指人whom;指物which關(guān)系副詞充當(dāng)?shù)膹木涑煞窒刃性~限制性非限制性相當(dāng)于where地點(diǎn)狀語地點(diǎn)①√√介詞+地點(diǎn)(in,at+which)when時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間②√√介詞+時(shí)間

(at,in,on,during,by+which)why原因狀語原因③√√forwhichthat方式狀語方式④√×inwhich①time,hour,day,year,moment,occasion時(shí)刻，age年代，period階段,stage時(shí)期②situation情況,point點(diǎn),position位置,condition情況,scene（情景）,occasion（場合）③reason④way,means名從：用一個(gè)句子代替另一個(gè)句子中的名詞從句不缺成分，不缺意思，用that從句缺主賓，指人用who，指物用what從句不缺主賓，缺什么意思補(bǔ)什么意思（6個(gè)W,一個(gè)H:why,when,where,whether&if,which,whose,how）無論任何+ever解題思路考點(diǎn)一：區(qū)分定語從句關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞（關(guān)鍵：從句缺不缺主要成分）注意：不要看到時(shí)間就填time,看到地點(diǎn)就填wher1.Thisisthecollege________________Ivisited.[答]that;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Thisisthecollege;[從句缺賓語關(guān)系代詞]____Ivisited;[先行詞指物]college;[翻譯]這就是我參觀過的大學(xué)。2.Thisisthecollege________________Istudiedthreeyearsago.[答]where;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Thisisthecollege;[從句不缺主要成分關(guān)系副詞]____Istudiedthreeyearsago;[先行詞指地點(diǎn)]college;[翻譯]這是我三年前就讀的學(xué)院。3.I’llneverforgettheday________________wespenttogether.[答]that/which;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]I'llneverforgettheday;[從句缺賓語關(guān)系代詞]____wespenttogether;[先行詞指物]day;[翻譯]我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們一起度過的那一天。4.I’llneverforgettheday___________Igotmarried.[答]when;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]I'llneverforgettheday;[從句不缺主要成分關(guān)系副詞]____Igotmarried;[先行詞指時(shí)間]day;[翻譯]我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我結(jié)婚的那一天。5.Thisisthereason________________hegave.[答]that/which;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Thisisthereason;[從句缺賓語關(guān)系代詞]____hegave;[先行詞指物]reason;[翻譯]這就是他給出的理由。6.Thisisthereason___________Ibelieveyou.[答]why;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Thisisthereason;[從句不缺主要成分關(guān)系副詞]____Ibelieveyou;[先行詞指原因]reason;[翻譯]這是我相信你的原因。7.Istillremembertheearthquake______happenedin2008inSichuan.[答]that/which;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Istillremembertheearthquake;[從句缺主語關(guān)系代詞]____happenedin2008inSichuan;[先行詞指物]earthquake;[翻譯]我仍然記得2008年在四川發(fā)生的那場地震。Doyourememberoneafternoontenyearsago________Icametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?[答]when;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Doyourememberoneafternoon;[從句不缺主要成分]Icametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace;[先行詞指時(shí)間]afternoon;[翻譯]你記得十年前的一天下午我來你家買了一條鉆石項(xiàng)鏈。9.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublished(研究被發(fā)表，published做非謂語)in2014__________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.[答]that;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014;[從句缺主語]____showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses;[先行詞指物]astudy;[翻譯]該評(píng)論的兩位作者還進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)2014年發(fā)表的研究，該研究顯示，每天僅跑步五到十分鐘就能降低心臟病和所有原因的早死風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。10.MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid－1980s,________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.[答]when;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s;[從句不缺主要成分關(guān)系副詞]____IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter;[先行詞指時(shí)間]mydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s;[翻譯]我與熊貓的聯(lián)系可以追溯到20世紀(jì)80年代中期我在電視節(jié)目上的日子，那時(shí)我是第一位西方電視記者。11.Likeanything，itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth，________isnotgoodforthehealth.[答]which;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth;[從句作主語補(bǔ)足語]____isnotgoodforthehealth;[先行詞指物]toomuchofboth;[翻譯]任何事物都是這樣，過量都不好，對(duì)健康有害。12.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof__________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.[答]whose;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme;[從句缺語]oneof____purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation;[先行詞指物]theWorldFoodProgramme;[翻譯]1963年，聯(lián)合國成立了世界糧食計(jì)劃，其目的之一是緩解全球饑餓。13.FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostof__________haveneverbeforebeenpublished.[答]which;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]FrankHurleywashiredtomaketheimages;[從句缺主語]mostof____haveneverbeforebeenpublished;[先行詞指物]theimages;[翻譯]弗蘭克·赫利，一位自信且有才華的澳大利亞攝影師，他熟悉南極洲，被雇來拍攝圖片，其中大部分從未公開發(fā)表過。14.Selfdrivingisanarea_______Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.[答]where;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Selfdrivingisanarea;[從句不缺主要成分關(guān)系副詞]____Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline;[先行詞指地點(diǎn)]anarea;[翻譯]自動(dòng)駕駛是一個(gè)領(lǐng)域，在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域中國和世界其他地方都處于同一起跑線上?？键c(diǎn)二：區(qū)分定語從句與名詞性從句（關(guān)鍵：主句缺不缺成分）15.ItseemedthatIhadbee________myparentshadwantedmetobe.[答]what;名詞性從句——賓語從句;[句子主干]Itseemedsth.,sth.為真正的主語,[主語從句]thatIhasbee____myparentshadwantedmetobe;在這個(gè)主從中,有兩個(gè)謂語，又分為主句和從句,[主從缺賓語名從]Ihadbee;[從句缺賓語指物]________myparentshadwantedmetobe[翻譯]我似乎變成了我的父母希望我成為的樣子。16.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut________hesaidit.[答]how;名詞性從句——主語從句;[主句缺表語名從]Whatsurprisedmewas[表從1]notwhathesaid;[表從2不缺成分補(bǔ)"如何"之意]but________hesaidit;[翻譯]使我驚訝的不是他說了什么，而是他怎么說的。17."Hesavedmyson’slife,"saidMrs.Brown."Idon'tknow__________tothankhim.”[答]how;名詞性從句——賓語從句;[主句缺賓語]Idon'tknow;[從句補(bǔ)“如何”之意]__________tothankhim;[翻譯]布朗夫人說：“他救了我兒子的命，我不知道怎樣感謝他?！?8.Somecountries______namesIhadneverheardofbeforewereshownonthemap.[答]whose;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Somecountrieswereshownonthemap;[從句缺定語國家的+name]______namesIhadneverheardofbefore;[先行詞]countries;[翻譯]一些我以前從未聽說過名字的國家在地圖上顯示了出來。19.Cobb,forherpart,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeak__________shecoulddosoremotely;aboutthreequartersofthetime,theyagreed.[答]if/whether;名詞性從句——賓語從句;[句子主干]Cobbstartedtoaskorganizerssth.缺sth.缺賓語[賓語從句不缺成分補(bǔ)“是否”之意]________shecoulddosoremotely;[翻譯]對(duì)于Cobb來說，她開始詢問邀請她發(fā)言的會(huì)議組織者她是否可以遠(yuǎn)程進(jìn)行；大約四分之三的時(shí)間，他們同意了。20.All_____weneedisenoughrestafterlonghours’work.[答]that;定語從句關(guān)系代詞;[主句不缺成分定從]Allisrest.[從句缺賓語指物]_____weneed;[翻譯]我們需要的全部就是長時(shí)間工作后足夠的休息。21.WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.[答]fromwhich/where;定語從句關(guān)系副詞;[主句]WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes;[從句不缺成分關(guān)系副詞]________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem;[翻譯]威廉·哈斯蒂曾經(jīng)建議，歷史告訴我們過去的錯(cuò)誤，從錯(cuò)誤中我們可以學(xué)習(xí)而不重復(fù)它們。22.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)InancientChinalivedanartist________paintingswerealmostlifelike.[答]whose;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]InancientChinalivedanartist;[從句缺定語]________paintingswerealmostlifelike;[先行詞指人]artist;[翻譯]在古中國，有一個(gè)藝術(shù)家，他的畫作幾乎逼真。23.TheyalsoneedtobereadytogiveinterviewsinEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.Thisis______theyneedanEnglishtrainer.[答]why;名詞性從句——表語從句;[主句缺表語]Thisis;[從句不缺成分補(bǔ)”為何”之意]________theyneedanEnglishtrainer;[翻譯]他們也需要準(zhǔn)備好用英語接受國際記者的采訪。這就是他們需要英語培訓(xùn)師的原因。24.（2021天津卷）WhatpuzzlesLily'sfriendsis________shealwayshassomanycrazyideas.[答]why;名詞性從句——表語從句;[主句缺表語]WhatpuzzlesLily'sfriendsis;[從句不缺主要成分]________shealwayshassomanycrazyideas;[翻譯]讓莉莉的朋友們感到困惑的是，為什么她總是有這么多瘋狂的想法。25.Oliversaysifyou'reluckyenoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthem__________youcanjoininwhenit'spossible.[答]whether;名詞性從句——賓語從句;[主句缺賓語]askthem;[從句不缺成分補(bǔ)”是否”之意]________youcanjoininwhenit'spossible;[翻譯]奧利弗說，如果你夠幸運(yùn)有一個(gè)喜歡做飯的親近之人，問他們是否可以在可能的時(shí)候加入。26.Hemaywinthepetition,in_________caseheislikelytogetintothenationalteam.[答]which;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Hemaywinthepetition;[從句缺賓語]in________caseheislikelytogetintothenationalteam;[先行詞指物]case;[翻譯]他可能會(huì)贏得比賽，在那種情況下他很可能會(huì)進(jìn)入國家隊(duì)。27.Hewrotealetter________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.[答]inwhich/where;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Hewrotealetter;[從句不缺成分關(guān)系副詞]________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident;[先行詞指地點(diǎn)]letter;[翻譯]他寫了一封信，在那封信里他解釋了事故中發(fā)生的事情。28.Itisnotaproblem__________wecanwinthebattle;it’sjustamatteroftime.[答]whether;名詞性從句——表語從句;[主句缺真正的主語]Itisnotaproblem;[從句不缺成分補(bǔ)”是否”之意]________wecanwinthebattle;[翻譯]我們能否贏得這場戰(zhàn)斗不是問題；這只是時(shí)間問題。29.________urbandevelopmentandclimatechangeareresponsibleforpushinganimalsoutoftheirnaturalhabitatsisnotnecessarilyaccurate.[答]That;名詞性從句——主語從句;[主句缺主語]isnotnecessarilyaccurate;[從句不缺成分不缺意思]________urbandevelopmentandclimatechangeareresponsibleforpushinganimalsoutoftheirnaturalhabitats;[翻譯]城市發(fā)展和氣候變化導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物被迫離開它們自然棲息地的說法未必準(zhǔn)確。30.Ａlotoflanguagelearning,________hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.[答]as;名詞性從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Alotoflanguagelearningishappeninginthefirstyearoflife;[從句缺主語]________hasbeendiscovered;[翻譯]已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，很多語言學(xué)習(xí)在生命的第一年發(fā)生，所以父母應(yīng)該在那個(gè)時(shí)期多和孩子交談。[注意]as相關(guān)的表達(dá)難以理解語法成分，可作為固定搭配來記憶。31.Thestudentpletedthisexperimenttomakeetrue________ProfessorJosephhadsaid.[答]what;名詞性從句;[主句缺賓語]Thestudentpletedthisexperimenttomakesth.etrue,缺sth.缺賓語;[從句缺賓語]________ProfessorJosephhadsaid;[翻譯]這個(gè)學(xué)生完成了這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)約瑟夫教授所說的事情。32.IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without________helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.[答]whose;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]IwishtothankProfessorSmith;[從句缺定語關(guān)系代詞]without________help;[先行詞指人]ProfessorSmith;[翻譯]我希望感謝史密斯教授，沒有他的幫助，我永遠(yuǎn)也走不到這一步。33.________remainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate,andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.[答]What;名詞性從句;句子1[________remainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate]and句子2[that’stherealspiritofinvention]并列,在句子1中,[句子主干]:aissth.,sth.remainsimportant,sth.未給出,[主句缺主語]isthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothink,[從句缺主語sth.指物]________remainsimportant;[翻譯]仍然重要的是，我們有著驚人的思考和創(chuàng)造欲望，那才是發(fā)明的真正精神。34.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon________schooleducationdepends.[答]which;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskill;[從句缺賓語介詞+關(guān)系代詞]upon________schooleducationdepends;[先行詞指物]skill;[翻譯]一些專家認(rèn)為，閱讀是學(xué)校教育所依賴的基本技能。dependon=dependupon35.Itoccurredtome________Ihadanimportantmeetingtoattendthenextday.[答]that;名詞性從句;[主句缺真正的主語]Itoccurredtome;[從句不缺成分不缺意思]________Ihadanimportantmeetingtoattendthenextday;[翻譯]我突然想起，我第二天有一個(gè)重要會(huì)議要參加。36.Itisnecessary__________westrengthenselfdiscipline,whetherwearelawyers,publicservants,consultants,clerks,orreceptionists.[答]that;名詞性從句——主語從句;[主句]Itisnecessary;[從句]thatwestrengthenselfdiscipline,whetherwearelawyers,publicservants,consultants,clerks,orreceptionists;[翻譯]無論我們是律師、公務(wù)員、顧問、文員還是接待員，加強(qiáng)自我約束都是必要的。37.Thenumberofsmokers,_______isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.[答]as;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Thenumberofsmokershasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear;[從句缺主語]_______isreported;[翻譯]報(bào)告稱，吸煙者的數(shù)量在短短一年內(nèi)下降了17%。[注意]as相關(guān)的表達(dá)難以理解語法成分，可作為固定搭配來記憶。38.Whetherwecansolvetheproblemofenvironmentalpollutiondependsinlargemeasureon________wecanusecleanenergyinareasonablewayornot.[答]whether;名詞性從句;whetherornot固定搭配39.Iwonder________makesthisdecisionandhowtheyetotheirconclusion.[答]who;名詞性從句;[主句缺賓語]Iwonder;[從句缺主語]________makesthisdecisionandhowtheyetotheirconclusion;[翻譯]我想知道是誰做出這個(gè)決定以及他們是如何得出結(jié)論的。40.Weshouldbelievethateachofusisabletodosomethingwell,and________ifweworkhard,wewillsucceed.[答]that;名詞性從句;句子1[thateachofusisabletodosomethingwell]句子2[and________ifweworkhard,wewillsucceed]并列,[主句缺賓語]Weshouldbelieve;[從句不缺成分不缺意思]________ifweworkhard,wewillsucceed;[翻譯]我們應(yīng)該相信，我們每個(gè)人都能做好某件事，如果我們努力工作，我們就會(huì)成功。41.Thebossofthepanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere_________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.[答]where;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Thebossofthepanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere;[從句不缺成分關(guān)系副詞]wherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork;[先行詞指地點(diǎn)]atmosphere;[翻譯]公司老板正試圖創(chuàng)造一個(gè)輕松的氛圍，員工們可以享受他們的工作。42.OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,____________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.[答]where;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch;[從句不缺成分關(guān)系副詞]whereyoucanhearsomelovelymusic;[先行詞指地點(diǎn)]St.Paul’sChurch;[翻譯]對(duì)面是圣保羅教堂，你可以在那里聽到一些美妙的音樂。43.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesinmunityactivities______theycangainexperienceforgrowth.[答]where;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesinmunityactivities;[從句不缺成分關(guān)系副詞]wheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth;[先行詞指地點(diǎn)]activities;[翻譯]學(xué)生應(yīng)該參與社區(qū)活動(dòng)，在這些活動(dòng)中他們可以獲得成長的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。44.TheculturesoftheEastandtheWestarequitedifferentfromeachother.Thisis__________theculturesystemsareseparate.[答]why;名詞性從句——表語從句;[主句]Thisis;[從句]whytheculturesystemsareseparate;[翻譯]東西方的文化彼此大不相同。這是因?yàn)槲幕w系是分開的。45.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof_______usesitsomewhatdifferently.[答]which;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures;[從句缺主語]eachof_______usesitsomewhatdifferently;[先行詞指物]cultures;[翻譯]英語是多種不同文化共用的語言，每種文化使用它的方式都有些不同。46.Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister_________shewouldstayforanhour.[答]where;定語從句;[主句]Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentre;[從句]whereshewouldstayforanhour;[先行詞]trainingcentre;[翻譯]那個(gè)女孩安排了在培訓(xùn)中心和她姐姐一起的鋼琴課，在那里她會(huì)待一個(gè)小時(shí)。47.Asiswellknowntoall,theSpringFestivalis________thefamilyarereunitedandcelebratethenewyear.[答]when;名詞性從句——時(shí)間狀語從句;[主句]Asiswellknowntoall,theSpringFestivalis;[從句]whenthefamilyarereunitedandcelebratethenewyear;[翻譯]眾所周知，春節(jié)是家人團(tuán)聚并慶祝新年的時(shí)刻。48.Nowthatsummerisfinallyhere,familiesarepreparingfor________theyexpecttobeagreatvacationawayfromthedailyroutines.[答]what;名詞性從句——賓語從句;[主句]familiesarepreparingfor;[從句]whattheyexpecttobeagreatvacationawayfromthedailyroutines;[翻譯]既然夏天終于來了，家庭們正為他們期望的遠(yuǎn)離日常生活的完美假期做準(zhǔn)備?？键c(diǎn)三：區(qū)分定語從句與同位語從句關(guān)鍵：同位語語從句中，主句不缺成分，等同而非限定49.Thereason________hewaslatewasthathegotuplate.[答]why;同位語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Thereasonwasthathegotuplate;[從句]whyhewaslate;[翻譯]他遲到的原因是他起晚了。Thereason________themeetingwaspostponedwasduetotheunexpectedweatherconditions.[答]that/which;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Thereasonwasduetotheunexpectedweatherconditions;[從句缺賓語]that/whichthemeetingwaspostponed;[先行詞指事]reason;[翻譯]會(huì)議被推遲的原因是因?yàn)橐馔獾奶鞖鈼l件。51.Thequestion________Englishwillkeeponchanginginthefutureiseasytoanswersinceitiscertainthatthisprocesswillcontinue.[答]whether;同位語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Thequestioniseasytoanswer;[從句]whetherEnglishwillkeeponchanginginthefuture;[翻譯]英語將來是否會(huì)繼續(xù)變化的問題很容易回答，因?yàn)檫@一過程肯定會(huì)繼續(xù)。52.Thequestion________manypeopleareaskingiswhetherthepolicywillchange.[答]that;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Thequestioniswhetherthepolicywillchange;[從句缺賓語]thatmanypeopleareasking;[先行詞指事]question;[翻譯]許多人提出的問題是政策是否會(huì)改變。53.Canyoufindtheanswertothequestion__________waswrongwiththeputer?[答]that;定語從句;[主句不缺成分定從]Canyoufindtheanswe