時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與各時(shí)態(tài)辨析）牛津譯林版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)

八年級(jí)時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)——現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與時(shí)態(tài)辨析Step1Ihavebeenlivinghere_____1999.A.forB.afterC.inD.since2._____haveyoubeenplayingtheguitar?For5years.A.HowsoonB.HowlongC.HowfarD.Howoften3.______mayIkeepthesebooks?Fortwoweeks.A.HowoftenB.HowfarC.HowlongD.Howsoon4.______haveyoubeenhere?I’vebeenhereformonths.A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowmuchD.Howmany5.Theboy______TVallmorning.A.haswatchedB.hadwatchedC.hasbeenwatchingD.watched6.Howlong_____you_____stamps?Sincetwoyearsago.A.have,collectedB.did,collectC.have,beencollectingD.are,collecting7.Theyarestillworkinginthefields.They______fortwohours.A.wasworkingB.hasbeenworkingC.workedD.areworking8.Helookstired.Oh,he____forthreehours.A.havebeenskatingB.havebeenskatedC.hasbeenskatingD.hasbeenskated9.He______itfortwohours,andheisstillwatchingnow.A.hasbeenB.watchingC.hasbeenwatchingD.iswatching10.Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswrittenStep2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講練2一、英語(yǔ)中還有一些動(dòng)詞的意義決定它們所表示的動(dòng)作不能延續(xù),只是一瞬間就結(jié)束的動(dòng)作,這類動(dòng)詞叫做“非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞”，常見的有：e，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，open，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，getup，bee，borrow，lend，find，finish，receive等。這些動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，說(shuō)明某個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果還存在，但不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)（howlong，for，since）連用。Hehaseback.（√）Hehasebackfortwohours.（×）※

但在否定句中，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也可用表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾，如Ihaven’theardfrommyfatherforalongtime.Wehaven’tseenhimsince1999.二、當(dāng)終止性動(dòng)詞（非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)（howlong，since，for，allone’slife）相矛盾時(shí),改正錯(cuò)句的方法有如下幾種:（1）用副詞ago把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子改為一般過(guò)去時(shí).Hehasebackfortwoweeks.（錯(cuò)）改為:Hecamebacktwoweeksago.（正）Ihavelostmybikefortendays.（錯(cuò)）改為:Ilostmybiketendaysago.（正）（2）用“Itis/hasbeen＋時(shí)間＋since＋一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)”句型來(lái)改寫。HehasjoinedtheLeaguefor3years.（錯(cuò)）Itis3yearssincehejoinedtheLeague.Ihaveboughtthebookfor5days.（錯(cuò)）Itis5dayssinceIboughtthebook.（正）Hehasdiedfor20years.（錯(cuò)）Itis20yearssincehedied.（正）（3）用“時(shí)間＋haspassed＋since＋一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)”句型來(lái)改寫。Hehaslefthomefor20years.改為:Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthome.Hehaslosthispenfor2days.改為:Twodayshaspassedsincehelosthispen.（4）用系表結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)改寫.Hehasdiedfor20years.改為:Hehasbeendeadfor20years.Thefactoryhasopenedsince1999.改為:Thefactoryhasbeenopensince1999.Howlonghasheleft?改為:Howlonghashebeenaway?（5）用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替代非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Hehasboughtthebookfortwoweeks.改為:Hehashadthebookfortwoweeks.常見的相應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換形式如下:borrow/lend→keepbuy→have,finish/end→beoverarrive/e/go/move/reach/getto→bein/at/behere/betherebegin/start→beonopen→beopenclose→becloseddie→bedead,leave→beaway（from）gotoschool→beinschool/beastudent,getup→beupfallasleep→beasleep,fallill→beillgettoknow→knowlose→belostbee→bereturn/eback/getback→bebackjoin→bein/bea…memberjointhearmy→beinthearmy/beasoldierreceive/getaletter→havealettercatch/getacold→haveacoldbegintostudy→study他參軍已有三年.Hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears.（錯(cuò)）改為:Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.=Itisthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.=Threeyearshaspassedsincehejoinedthearmy.鞏固練習(xí)（1）Hecametoourvillagetwoyearsago.=Heourvillagesincetwoyearsago.（2）Helefthomethreedaysago=Hehomefor3days.（3）Iboughtthewatch2weeksago=Ithewatchsince2weeksago.（4）Itis5dayssinceIborrowedthebook=Ithebookfor5days.（5）Thefilmhasbegun=Thefilmforhalfanhour.（6）Igottoknowhim10yearsago=Ihimfor10years.（7）Thereisafactory=Thereafactoryfor20years.（8）Ourschoolopenedin1960=Ourschoolsince1960.三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題1.havebeento和havegoneto的區(qū)別havebeento強(qiáng)調(diào)“去過(guò)”，現(xiàn)已不在那里，如：HehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他到美國(guó)去過(guò)三次。（過(guò)去“到美國(guó)”，現(xiàn)在已“不在美國(guó)”）havegoneto主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“去了”，現(xiàn)在人不在說(shuō)話的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，如：Where'syourmother?你媽媽在哪？Shehasgonetothehospital.她去醫(yī)院了。2.havebeento和havebeenin的區(qū)別havebeento強(qiáng)調(diào)人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次數(shù)”的狀語(yǔ)。eg.①ShehasbeentoShanghaionlyonce.②Howmanytimeshashebeenthere?He'sbeentheremanytimes.havebeenin表示某人“已在某地停留一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)仍在那里”，其后常帶表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。eg.①Theyhavebeenatthebusstopforhalfanhour.他們?cè)谲囌敬袅税胄r(shí)。（現(xiàn)在仍然在車站）②WehavebeeninXi'anfortwoweeks.我們?cè)谖靼泊袅藘蓚€(gè)多星期。（現(xiàn)仍在西安）③HowlonghavetheybeeninChina?他們?cè)谥袊?guó)呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？（仍在中國(guó)）練習(xí)：用havegoneto/havebeento/havebeenin/wentto填空。1._____youever_____Disneyland?2.Howmanytimes_____you_____Disneyland?3.I_____Nanjingsincetwoyearsago4.Mr.Li_____HongKong.Andhe'llebackintwodays.5.—Howlong_____you_____Disneyland?—Forthreedays.I__________thethemeparklastSunday.6.Myfather__________HongKongtwoweeksago.7.Myfather__________HongKongin2005.8.Myfather__________HongKongsince2005.9.Myfather__________HongKongtwice.10.Myfather__________HongKongandhehasn'tebackyet.11.—Where'sLucy?—Shehas__________toarestaurantforlunch.12.Haveyou__________tothisparkbefore.13.Ihave__________thereonlyoncethisyear.14.Shehas__________totheshoptobuyanotebook.15.You'relate,LaoWanghas__________toGuangzhou.Step3真題導(dǎo)入：()1.—What’sthatterriblenoise?——Theneighborsforaparty.haveprepared B.arepreparing C.prepare D.willprepare()2.——IwantedtovisityourunclewhenIpassedhispany,buthewasn'tin.——Oh.Heformyfatherwithmeatthetrainstation.A.iswaitingB.waitedC,haswaitedD.waswaiting()3.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?

A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleaveC.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)基本用法：1表示此刻（指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)）正在發(fā)生的事：Wearewaitingforyou.暫時(shí)或當(dāng)時(shí)的動(dòng)作2習(xí)慣進(jìn)行（現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行）：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行：Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.（說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)）構(gòu)成：am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞否定、一般疑問、回答一般情況+ingfalling、sleeping以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的單詞去e，+inghaving、biting以ie結(jié)尾的單詞改ie為y+ingDying、lying以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)雙寫詞尾字母+ingputting、sitting結(jié)尾為c且讀作/k/時(shí)結(jié)尾加k再加ingPicnicking3在最近計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)/已經(jīng)確定或安排好的將來(lái)活動(dòng)：用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)即使說(shuō)可以用來(lái)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，但一般要與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，僅限于少量動(dòng)詞。表示“來(lái)來(lái)去去”的詞：e、go、leave、start、move、arrive、fly、stay等，用這些詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。I’mleavingforatrekinNepalnextweek.我下周要去尼泊爾旅行。We’reflyingtoParistomorrow.4.某些介詞短語(yǔ)用于“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)中表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Theyareattable.=Theyareeatinglunchnow.Mymotherisatworknow.=Mymotherisworkingnow.5.always是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞，但是它也可以用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，表示一種強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩，譯為“總是”。Heisalwaystellinglies.Sheisalwayshelpingothers.6.祈使句：Bequiet！Thebabyissleeping.Hurryup！Thebusising.7.WhereisTom?Ican’tfindhim.Heisplayinggames.Isthereraincoatyours?Mineishangingouthere.8.某些特殊動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。（1）have當(dāng)“有”講時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。Ihavetwobooksnow.（2）“belongto”Thetwopeoplebelongtomenow.（3）表示“心理活動(dòng)/狀態(tài)/感覺”的詞Iwantadognow.解題技巧：1.帶有時(shí)間副詞now或提示性動(dòng)詞listen,look,canyousee,can’tyousee之類的暗示語(yǔ)時(shí),用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；2.上下語(yǔ)境體現(xiàn)出的正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。二、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)基本用法:（過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）1.表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與之連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Thismorning、thewholemorning、allday、yesterday、fromninetoten、lastevening、when、whileWhatwasheresearchingalldaylastSunday?IfirstmetMarythreeyearsago.Shewasworkingataradioatthattime.2.表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。Atthattime,atnineyesterdaymorning…Whatwasshedoingatnineo'clockyesterday?Whatwereyoudoingat7p.m.yesterday?3在復(fù)合句中,如果主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的,那么住從句的動(dòng)詞都可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：如:Whilehewaswaitingforthebushewasreadingnewspaper.(延續(xù)動(dòng)詞)Hewascleaninghiscarwhilewascooking.(同時(shí)進(jìn)行)4.表示過(guò)去頻繁發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,常與副詞always、frequently連同,帶有說(shuō)話人的感情色彩。Hismotherwasalwaysworkinglikethat.5.通常不能用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞:agree、believe、belong、care、forget、hate、have、hear、mean…特殊用法:when和while都表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)”的時(shí)候，while后一般都是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),when后可加任何時(shí)態(tài)但考試的時(shí)候，多考when后加一般時(shí)態(tài)，while后加進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的辨析。Mybrotherfellandhurtwhilehewasridinghisbike.Shewasmakingcakeswhenhermotherarrivedathome.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行性和連續(xù)性,一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作結(jié)果,說(shuō)明有過(guò)這件事。三：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別：(1)基本用法;(2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式;(3)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);(4)特殊用法1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:(1)be(2)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/are+動(dòng)詞ing3.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)4.表示客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象往往要用四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別:1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)所指的過(guò)去時(shí)間比較籠統(tǒng)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)比較具體；2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的“發(fā)生”或狀態(tài)的“存在”,過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行3.有時(shí),同是發(fā)生于過(guò)去的某一個(gè)時(shí)候的某一個(gè)動(dòng)作,兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)都可采用,但語(yǔ)意不盡相同,有很大區(qū)別。Jackwrotelettertohisparentslastnight.(寫完了)Jackwaswritinglettertohisparentslastnight.(信不一定寫完)4.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也能用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。隨堂鞏固1.Whydidn’tPeterhishomework?—Hesaidhehadlosthisworkbook.Ithinkit’saexcuse.A.doesB.doingC.doD.did2.PukouRailwayStationin1911andithasbeeafilminglocationforfilmsandTVplaysinrecentyears.A.buildB.isbuiltC.builtD.wasbuilt3.WhereisJoan?Sheanovelinherstudy.A.hasreadB.readsC.willreadD.isreading4.Toomanypeoplewereabsent.Thechairpersonwarnedthathethemeetingifnecessary.A.wouldcancelB.cancelledC.wouldstartD.started5.Youwillseemanyauntsdancingtogetheronthesquareifitintheevening.A.doesn’trainB.rainsC.willrainD.won’train6.HelenencouragedmetospeakEnglishasmuchaspossiblebecausepracticeperfect.A.beesB.becameC.willmakeD.makes7.SherlockHomesaskedthesuspectwhathewhenthemurdertookplace.A.wasdoingB.hasdoneC.isdoingD.woulddo8.CanMr.Kingsparetimeforthecharityshow?Ifhe,hewilltryhisbesttomakeit.A.willbeinvitedB.isinvitedC.invitesD.