適用于新高考新教材備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)高考題型組合練Unit4Everydayeconomics課件外研版選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

Unit4

EverydayeconomicsⅠ.閱讀理解ⅠⅡⅢADigitalhoarding(alsoknownase-hoardingordatahoarding)meansaccumulating(積累)alargequantityofelectronicmaterials,eventhoughitisnolongervaluabletotheuser.Antoinette,25,said,“Thoughnotwell-organized,theWhatsAppchatwithmybestfriendsinhighschoolwillneverbedeleted.It’sinterestinglookingbackatthestartoftherelationshipsomanyyearsagoandwhoIwasthen,andIcanseehowtherelationshiphaschanged.”ⅠⅡⅢBesidesthe“friends”wekeeponsocialmedia,digitalfiles,folders,music,moviesandcomputerprogramsarealsoformsofdigitalhoarding.Bothundergraduatesandgraduatesexpressedfeelingoverwhelmedwithmassesoftechnologicalleftoverdata:lecturenotes,PowerPointslides,PDFsofresearch,snapshotsofclassroomwhiteboards—nottomentiontheirownever-increasingMetafriendstheydidn’tknowbutwereafraidofunfriending.ⅠⅡⅢIamalsoadigitalhoarder.MyfirsthomescreenisfilledwithappsIuseeveryday—Meta,Spotify,Twitter,Outlook,Weather,etc.MysecondhomescreenhasappsthatIdon’tusequiteasmuch,butstillwantwithineasyreach—billingapps,shopping,andsmarthomeapps.Mythirdhomescreeniswherethingsgetcomplexandoutofcontrol,justamessofgames,business-relatedapps,andatonofmiscellaneousdatathatarehardtobegroupedintoonecategory.IkeeptellingmyselfmaybeI’llneedthemonedaythathasnevercomeandprobablyneverwill.ⅠⅡⅢHoardersfallintodifferentcategories.“Collectors”areorganized,systematicandincontroloftheirdata.“Accidentalhoarders”aredisorganized,don’tknowwhattheyhave,anddon’thavecontroloverit.The“complianthoarders”keepdataonbehalfoftheircompanies.Finally,“anxioushoarders”havestrongemotionaltiestotheirdataandareworriedaboutdeletingit.Peoplearemoreresistantwhenitcomestoactuallygettingridoftheirpreciouspossessions—perhapsbecausetheyhavetreatedtheselifelesspossessionsasiftheyhadthoughtsandfeelings.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了什么是數(shù)字囤積、囤積的內(nèi)容、囤積者的類型以及囤積的原因等。ⅠⅡⅢ1.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A.Tointroducedigitalcollectors.B.Topresentamodernphenomenon.C.Toadvertisedigitalhoarding.D.Tooffertipsonhandlinge-data.答案

B

解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容可知,本文主要圍繞“數(shù)字囤積”這一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象展開。再結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知,下文介紹了囤積的內(nèi)容、囤積者的類型以及囤積的原因等。由此可推知,本文主要是為了向讀者介紹“數(shù)字囤積”這種現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中存在的現(xiàn)象。故選B項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢ2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“miscellaneous”inparagraph4referto?A.Diverse. B.Reliable.C.Precise. D.Suitable.答案

A

解析

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的“where

things

get

complex

and

out

of

control”和“that

are

hard

to

be

grouped

into

one

category”可知,miscellaneous

data指的是復(fù)雜且無法控制的東西,這種東西難以歸類。由此可推測出,只有數(shù)據(jù)種類繁多且混雜,才會(huì)難以把其歸類。miscellaneous意為“混雜的,各種各樣的”,與diverse意思最為接近。故選A項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢ3.WhichtypeofdigitalhoarderdoesAntoinettebelongto?A.Collectors. B.Accidentalhoarders.C.Complianthoarder. D.Anxioushoarders.答案

D

解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Antoinette說的話中的“It’s

interesting

looking

back

at

the

start

of

the

relationship

so

many

years

ago

and

who

I

was

then,and

I

can

see

how

the

relationship

has

changed.”可知,Antoinette對(duì)自己存的數(shù)據(jù)有很強(qiáng)的感情。再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Finally,‘a(chǎn)nxious

hoarders’have

strong

emotional

ties

to

their

data

and

are

worried

about

deleting

it.”可知,Antoinette屬于焦慮的囤積者。故選D項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢ4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsdigitalhoarding?A.Doubtful. B.Disapproving.C.Tolerant. D.Uncaring.答案

C

解析

推理判斷題。第四段講述了作者也是一個(gè)數(shù)字囤積者,作者的三臺(tái)電腦里都存滿了東西。根據(jù)第四段中的“My

first

home

screen

is

filled

with

apps

I

use

every

day”,“My

second

home

screen

has

apps

that

I

don’t

use

quite

as

much,but

still

want

within

easy

reach”和“My

third

home

screen

is

where

things

get

complex

and

out

of

control”可知,作者在三臺(tái)電腦上囤積了很多東西,但絲毫沒有為此感到煩惱,這說明他對(duì)數(shù)字囤積持容忍的態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢBWhatdefinesus?Ifpressed,Iwouldanswerthatifthereisanypartofmethatsitsatmycore,thensurelyitmustbemymoralcentre,mydeep-seatedsenseofrightandwrong.AndIoftenfeelthatI’maslightlydifferentpersonineachlanguageIspeak—moredeterminedinEnglish,morerelaxedinFrench,andmoreemotionalinCzech.Isitpossiblethat,alongwiththesedifferences,mymoralguidelinesalsopointinsomewhatdifferentdirectionsdependingonthelanguageI’musing?ⅠⅡⅢInaresearchledbyAlbertCosta,volunteerswerepresentedwithamoraldilemmaknownasthe“trainproblem”:Imaginethatatrainischargingatfivepeoplestandingonthetrack,unabletomove.Theonlywaytostopthetrainandsparethefivepeopleistopushanotherstrangeroffafootbridgeintoitspath.Costaandhiscolleaguesfoundthatposingthedilemmainalanguagethatvolunteershadlearnedasforeigntonguedramaticallyincreasedtheirwillingnesstopushthesacrificialpersonoffthefootbridge,fromfewerthan20%respondentsusingtheirnativelanguagetoabout50%ofthoseusingtheforeignone.ⅠⅡⅢInanotherresearchconductedbyJanetGreipel,volunteersreadactsthatmanypeoplefindimmoral,suchasstorieswheresomeonecookedandatehisdogafterithadbeenkilledbycar.Thosewhoreadthestoriesinaforeignlanguageperceivedtheseactionslesswrongthanthosewhoreadthemintheirnativetongue.Thedifferenceinthisjudgmentcomesdowntotwoseparateandcompetingthinkingpatterns—oneofthese,aquickanddirectfeeling,andtheother,carefuldeliberationaboutthegreatestgoodforthelargestnumber.Whenweuseaforeignlanguage,weunconsciouslysinkintothemoredeliberatemodesimplybecausetheeffortofoperatinginourno-nativelanguageactivatesourⅠⅡⅢcognitivesystem.Thisissimilartofindingsthatreadingmathproblemsinahard-to-readtypeface(字體)makespeoplelesslikelytomakecarelessmistakes.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了作者認(rèn)為語言與道德有關(guān),列舉了兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)并對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。ⅠⅡⅢ5.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Heinveststimeinstudyinglanguage.B.Heperceiveslanguagesdifferslightly.C.Heignorestheroleofmoralconcepts.D.Hethinkslanguagesrelatetomorals.答案

D

解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)前兩段內(nèi)容可知,作者認(rèn)為語言與道德有關(guān)。故選D項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢ6.Howdidtheauthorprovehisviewpoint?A.Bycarefullycitingexamples.B.Bycollectingandlistingdata.C.Byconductingexperiments.D.Byanalyzingpeople’shabits.ⅠⅡⅢ答案

A

解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“In

a

research

led

by

Albert

Costa,volunteers

were

presented

with

a

moral

dilemma

known

as

the‘train

problem’:Imagine

that

a

train

is

charging

at

five

people

standing

on

the

track,unable

to

move.”以及第四段中的“In

another

research

conducted

by

Janet

Greipel,volunteers

read

acts

that

many

people

find

immoral,such

as

stories

where

someone

cooked

and

ate

his

dog

after

it

had

been

killed

by

car.”可知,作者通過仔細(xì)地引用例子證明他的觀點(diǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢ7.Whyare“mathproblems”mentioned?A.Tojustifyathinkingpattern.B.Topresentanewfinding.C.Toclarifythecognitivesystem.D.Towarnagainstmakingmistakes.答案

A

解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“When

we

use

a

foreign

language,we

unconsciously

sink

into

the

more

deliberate

mode

simply

because

the

effort

of

operating

in

our

no-native

language

activates

our

cognitive

system.This

is

similar

to

findings

that

reading

math

problems

in

a

hard-to-read

typeface

makes

people

less

likely

to

make

careless

mistakes.”可推知,提到“數(shù)學(xué)問題”是為一種思維模式辯護(hù)。故選A項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢ8.What’sthesuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Morality:TheCoreofPeopleB.Languages:InsightsintoJudgmentsC.Languages:AShapingPowertoMoralityD.Morality:ANewWaytoLearnLanguages答案

C

解析

標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要說明了作者認(rèn)為語言與道德有關(guān),列舉了兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)并對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。由此可知,C選項(xiàng)“語言:一種塑造道德的力量”最適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢCSeveralyearsago,Iwasatapre-seasonfootballpracticeatahighschoolwhereIwasworkingwiththeteamonaconcussion(腦震蕩)researchproject.Theplayerswerelinedupintworowsfacingeachotherandwithlittlemoreinstructionsfromthecoachthan,“onthewhistle,hitthemanacrossfromyou”,greatconcernrushedthroughmymind.Professionalsportsgetthelion’sshareofattention,butoverthreemillionchildrenandteenagersintheUnitedStatesplaythesamegame.Thisdirectlyplacesconcussionasasignificantpublichealthconcernforall.ⅠⅡⅢHowever,fordecades,concussionhasbeenconsideredatemporaryinjurywithnolong-termconsequences.Manyathleteswilldojustaboutanythingtostayonthefieldand“playthroughthepain”asasignoftoughness.In2005,withthereleaseofthebraintissuepathology(病理學(xué))reportofMikeWebster,aretiredNationalFootballLeagueplayer,ourthinkingonconcussionbegantoshift.Sincethen,publicattentionhasfocusedonthislinkbetweenbraininjuryandblowstothehead.Asourunderstandingofconcussionprogressedtounderstandingitssignificanceasaninjury,sotoodidthedevelopmentofplayerequipment.ⅠⅡⅢIntheearly1900sfootballwasplayedwithouthelmets(頭盔),butsevereinjuries,likeskullfractures,ledtotheoccasionaluseofleatherhelmetsinthe1920s.Thefirstfacemaskenteredthegameinthe1950s.Modernhelmetsuseadvancedshellmaterials,havemoveablepanelstoabsorbforces,andmulti-layeredpaddingthatrespondstodifferentimpacts.Companieswillcontinuetoimprovehelmetsasnewmaterialsbecomeavailable,guidedbythenewestscience.Sportsareanimportantpartofasociety’scultureandtheygivemillionsofchildrenmuch-neededexercise.Yet,participationinanysportcarriestheinjuryrisk,andconcussionwillalwaysbepartofthat.Asthosechildrenbecomeadultsandmakesportstheirhobbyorevencareer,ensuringtheyplaysafelyatalllevelsisessential.ⅠⅡⅢ【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述運(yùn)動(dòng)中的安全問題,以腦震蕩為例,由一開始的忽視到后來得到重視的過程,以此來告訴我們運(yùn)動(dòng)中安全問題至關(guān)重要。ⅠⅡⅢ9.Whatmadetheauthorfeelconcerned?A.Thecoach’sinexperience.B.Thephysicalconflictsamongtheplayers.C.Unawarenessofthepotentialinjuries.D.Theunpredictableoutcomeoftheproject.答案

C

解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Several

years

ago,I

was...great

concern

rushed

through

my

mind.”可知,作者當(dāng)時(shí)正與球隊(duì)一起進(jìn)行腦震蕩研究項(xiàng)目,而教練命令隊(duì)員去打?qū)γ娴娜?由此可推斷出,作者一定是擔(dān)心教練沒有意識(shí)到其中潛在的傷害。ⅠⅡⅢ10.Whatdidathletesusetodowhenmeetingwithsports-relatedconcussion?A.Theytendedtoignoreit.B.Theyfeltscaredaboutit.C.Theyquitplayingimmediately.D.Theyrefusedmedicalassistance.答案

A

解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“However,for

decades,...to

stay

on

the

field

and

‘play

through

the

pain’as

a

sign

of

toughness.”可知,以前,運(yùn)動(dòng)員在遇到與運(yùn)動(dòng)相關(guān)的腦震蕩時(shí)往往會(huì)忽視它。故選A項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢ11.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkaboutconcerningthehelmet?A.Itsgradualimprovement.B.Itswidespreadinfluence.C.Thediscoveryofitsnewmaterials.D.Thedifficultyofitsmassproduction.答案

A

解析

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“In

the

early

1900s

football...improve

helmets

as

new

materials

become

available,guided

by

the

newest

science.”可知,該段主要是說運(yùn)動(dòng)員所戴頭盔的改進(jìn)與變化。ⅠⅡⅢ12.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Exerciseisvitalforchildren.B.Sportssafetycan’tbeoveremphasized.C.Noparticipationinsportsiswithoutinjuries.D.Concussionisthemostcommoninjuryinsports.答案

B

解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的最后兩句“Yet,participation

in

any

sport...play

safely

at

all

levels

is

essential.”可以推斷出,運(yùn)動(dòng)安全怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過。故選B項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.完形填空ⅠⅡⅢOnedayIwasapproachingseveralmassivecreatureswhenIcametoasuddenstop.Itwaswellbeyondmethatthesehugeanimalsshouldbelimitedbyonlysomeropes.Itwas

1

thattheanimalscouldeasilyescapefromthesesmallropestiedtotheirfrontlegs.However,

2

,theydidnot.Ispotteda

3

closebyandwonderedwhytheelephantsjust

4

wheretheywereandhadnointentiontobreakaway.

ⅠⅡⅢ“Well,”hereplied,“asthey’revery

5

wetiethemwiththesame

6

ropeandit’senoughto

7

themfortheirage.Astheygrowup,they’re

8

toholdthebeliefthattheycanneverrunaway.Theythinktheropesareboundto

9

holdthem,sotheydonotstruggletobreakfree.”Iwas

10

.Thelargeanimalscouldeasilymoveawayfromtheir

11

buttheyfelttheycouldn’t,sotheywere

12

rightthere.

Inourlifeanumberofpeopleare

13

withthesamewrongself-limitingbelief—I’mnotexcellentenoughorwhytryitifI’mnotgoingto

14

it.However,weoughtn’tto

15

ourcapability,talentandpotential.Instead,weshouldbelieveinourselves.Afterall,weneedtochangewiththetimesandthinkoutsidethebox.

ⅠⅡⅢ【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章結(jié)合作者看到大象被細(xì)繩綁住但不逃脫的原因的解釋,提到了生活中也有一些類似的人,他們低估自己的能力、才能和潛力,認(rèn)為自己不會(huì)成功。最后作者指出,我們應(yīng)該相信自己,需要與時(shí)俱進(jìn),跳出思維定式。ⅠⅡⅢ1.A.important B.obviousC.necessary D.hopeful2.A.atthattime B.fromthenonC.inthatcase

D.forsomereason1.答案

B

解析

根據(jù)上文“these

huge

animals

should

be

limited

by

only

some

ropes”可知,對(duì)于大型動(dòng)物而言,輕松地從束縛它們的細(xì)繩逃脫是顯而易見的。2.答案

D

解析

結(jié)合上文“the

animals

could

easily

escape

from

these

small

ropes

tied

to

their

front

legs”及“they

did

not”可知,這些大型動(dòng)物擺脫束縛它們腳的繩子很容易,然而它們沒有,所以這里指不知什么原因。ⅠⅡⅢ3.A.trainer B.teacherC.doctor D.businessman4.A.slept B.ateC.stood D.relaxed3.答案

A

解析

結(jié)合下文作者向此人詢問動(dòng)物不逃走的原因,可推知此人是熟悉動(dòng)物知識(shí)的人,應(yīng)當(dāng)是動(dòng)物園中的馴獸師。4.答案

C

解析

結(jié)合下文“had

no

intention

to

break

away”可知,此處指大象僅僅站在自己被拴住的地方。ⅠⅡⅢ5.A.thin B.youngC.weak D.ill6.A.size B.colorC.style D.length5.答案

B

解析

結(jié)合下文“As

they

grow

up”可知,此處指當(dāng)它們還小的時(shí)候,它們就被用同樣的繩子綁起來。6.答案

A

解析

結(jié)合上文“small

ropes”可知,這里指繩子的型號(hào)、尺寸。ⅠⅡⅢ7.A.attract B.trainC.cheat D.hold8.A.encouraged B.conditionedC.taught D.forced7.答案

D

解析

根據(jù)下文“hold

them”可知,此處指這些繩子可以綁住它們。8.答案

B

解析

根據(jù)上文可知,在大象小的時(shí)候,它們就被用繩索綁住,所以到它們長大后,它們就習(xí)慣了自己永遠(yuǎn)無法逃走的想法。be

conditioned

to

do

sth習(xí)慣于做某事。ⅠⅡⅢ9.A.still B.evenC.just D.hardly10.A.thrilled B.interestedC.shocked D.disappointed9.答案

A

解析

根據(jù)上文“hold

the

belief

that

they

can

never

run

away”可知,大象小時(shí)候被繩子束縛著,所以它們長大后認(rèn)為,繩子依然會(huì)束縛住它們。10.答案

C

解析

結(jié)合上文馴獸員給作者講大象不逃脫的原因,作者應(yīng)該是感到吃驚的。ⅠⅡⅢ11.A.owners B.thoughtsC.habitats D.bonds12.A.stuck B.killedC.sold D.fed11.答案

D

解析

根據(jù)上文“the

animals

could

easily

escape

from

these

small

ropes

tied

to

their

front

legs”可知,此處指這些大型動(dòng)物可以很輕松地?cái)[脫繩子的束縛。12.答案

A

解析

根據(jù)上文“had

no

intention

to

break

away”可知,它們沒有打算逃走,說明它們應(yīng)該是被困在原地。ⅠⅡⅢ13.A.laughedat B.toldoffC.broughtup D.reliedon14.A.mean B.catch C.get

D.make13.答案

C

解析

結(jié)合上文講述大象被繩子束縛的事實(shí),可知此處指我們中的許多人也像大象那樣被撫養(yǎng)長大。14.答案

D

解析

結(jié)合上文大象認(rèn)為它們無法逃脫束縛它們的繩子,所以也不嘗試,自然無法擺脫,只能被困在原地。此處指不能成功,為什么要嘗試呢?

make

it成功。ⅠⅡⅢ15.A.control B.underestimateC.ignore D.develop答案

B

解析

根據(jù)上文“I’m

not

excellent

enough”可知,我們認(rèn)為我們不夠優(yōu)秀,這是對(duì)我們自己能力的低估。Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫ⅠⅡⅢ閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Surfingisathrillingsportthatrequiresagreatdealofskills,strength,calmanddetermination.Forteenagers,ridingthewavescanmaketheirbloodracingandisanaddictiveexperience.Thisisthestoryofoneteenager’sunforgettableadventurewhilesurfing.Alexisa16-year-oldboywhogrewupinasmallcoastaltown.Heisanenthusiasticsurferandspentmostofhisfreetimeridingthewaves.Onesunnymorning,heheadedouttothebeachtocatchsomewaves.ⅠⅡⅢAshearrivedatthebeach,thesunwasshining,andthewaveswereperfect.Hegrabbedhissurfboardandpaddled(用槳?jiǎng)?outintothewater.Hespentthenextfewhourssurfing,andasthesunbegantoset,hedecidedtocatchonemorewavebeforeheadingbacktoshore.Alexspottedahugewaveonthehorizonandknewhehadtorideit.Hepaddledasfastashecould,feelingthewaterbeneathhimpushhimforward.Ashereachedthetopofthewave,hestooduponhisboardandfeltthewindrushpasthim.Thewavewashuge,andAlexfeltarushofexcitementasherodeittowardstheshore.ⅠⅡⅢButasheapproachedtheshore,henoticedsomethingunusual.Thewaterwasmovingviolently,andhecouldhearastrangenoisecomingfrombeneathhim.Suddenly,thewavecrasheddownonhim,andhewasthrownfromhisboard.Hehitthewaterhardandwaspulledunderbythecurrent.Alexstruggledtoreachthesurfacebutfoundhimselftrappedinapowerfulcurrent.Thecurrentwaspullinghimouttosea,andhecouldfeelhimselfgettingfurtherandfurtherawayfromtheshore.Panicsetin,andhebegantofearforhislife.ⅠⅡⅢ注意:1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。ButAlexwasdeterminednottogiveup.___