高中英語高考沖刺語法專題6非謂語動詞-ing（教師版）

高中英語高考沖刺語法專題6：非謂語動詞ing【問題查找】單句語法填空。1.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16yearoldSarahisnotspendinghalfterm________(rest).3.Inside,though,theplacewaspracticallyempty—therewasjustonecouple,________(sit)atatablenearthewindow.4.NowIamlookingforwardto________(visit)againChina!5.Noonecanignoretherichculture________(date)backtoancienttimeschangingintothemodernageataspeedandscalethathasneverbeenwitnessed.6.Ofcourse,________(enjoy)anicemealwithfriends,whateverweeat,canalsoimpactourspirits.Beingwithfriendsandfamilyplaysabigpartinexperiencinghappiness.7.Iliketravellingandmydreamof_____________(visit)Beijing,thecapitalcityofourcountry,cametrueduringtheNationalDayholidaysthisyear.8.Before____________(hear)hisanswer,shestartedtoreadhimalmosteverysinglegreetingcardoutlouduntiltheelderlymansmiled.9._____________(think)thathissolutionmightbewrong,Icarefullyanalyzedtheproblemandtriedtoworkitoutinadifferentway.10.Outsidethelibrary,Isawamandrivingaroundthesmallparkinglot,_____________(try)tofindaparkingspace.Keys:1.laying2.resting3.sitting4.visiting5.dating6.enjoying7.visiting8.hearing9.Thinking10.trying【要點精講】學習目標：學生能識別謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的用法，掌握動詞ing的定義、作用與基本結(jié)構(gòu)。2.學生能夠靈活運動詞ing在語法填空與書面表達。目標分解：(1)辨析謂語動詞與非謂語的不同，了解非謂語動詞的分類；(2)掌握動詞ing的定義與作用；(3)掌握動詞ing的結(jié)構(gòu)形式；(4)掌握動詞ing在語法填空與短文填空中的考點應用。教學過程：激發(fā)動機、激發(fā)已有知識、解決問題、內(nèi)化過程、總結(jié)優(yōu)化一、用合適的活動激發(fā)學生動機。（需要老師進行個性化設(shè)計）外部動機：選擇合適的方法激發(fā)學習動機內(nèi)部動機：好激發(fā)激發(fā)已有知識教師提問：你知道什么是謂語，什么是非謂語嗎？原則一：在一個句子，一般一個主語應配套一個謂語，（并列謂語除外），如一個主語后跟了兩個動詞，就應該有一個是謂語動詞，一個應該是非謂語動詞，這種情況在我們漢語中叫做“連動”如：我去書店買一些書，在此句中，只有一個主語“我”，卻有兩個動詞“去”和“買”，那么“去”就應該是謂語動詞，“買”就應該是非謂語動詞例句：Iwenttothebookshoptobuysomebooks謂語非謂語Heenjoysplayingbasketball謂語非謂Isingandplaymyfavouritesongs并列謂語原則二：謂語動詞體現(xiàn)的時態(tài)，與時間狀語有關(guān)，非謂語與時態(tài)無關(guān)例句：Heenjoysreadingbookseveryday.謂語（現(xiàn)在時）非謂現(xiàn)在時標志時間狀語Heenjoyedreadingbookslastyear.謂語（過去時）非謂語過去時標志時間狀語謂語動詞會受時間狀語的影響，體現(xiàn)各種時態(tài)非謂語動詞不受時間狀語的影響，與時態(tài)無關(guān)，與主語的單復數(shù)無關(guān)原則三：謂語與非謂語的形式不同，謂語主要體現(xiàn)十六種基本時態(tài)（含被動），而非謂只有三種固定形式（被動和完成）todo,doing,done如Hefinishedreadingthenovels.過去時doingHehassomethingtobesent.現(xiàn)在時todo被動Theywererebuildingthedamagedhouse.過去進行時doneKatehadfoundthemissingboy.過去完成時doingHavingrealizedthesecret,hewasangry.Doing完成過去時鞏固訓練：There______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.

There______nobusandwehadtowalkhome.

A.wasB.beingC.beD.tobe 答案:BA解題方法：先看選項，AC是謂語BD是非謂語第二個題目是并列句，所以前后是兩個句子，and之前的句子缺的就是謂語動詞，又由had決定了是過去時，所以用was第一道題目，前后兩部分之間用逗號分開，所以不是并列句，所以前一部分是后一部分的狀語，也就不是句子，所以選非謂語，用being2．Thegirl______inaredcoatisMary.

Thegirlis______Marynow.

A.dressedB.dressingC.dressD.todress 答案:AB

解題方法：先看題目，第一道題目中有一個動詞is,所以缺少的是非謂語動詞，應該從ABD中選過去分詞詞bedressedin,所以選用dressed.第二道題目缺少謂語動詞，前面有is算be應該選dressing構(gòu)成進行時（謂語動詞）解決學習問題：目標對應的活動（目標的問題化分解）：考點一了解非謂語動詞的分類教師提問：剛剛我們已經(jīng)回顧了如果區(qū)分謂語與非謂語，那么，你知道非謂語包含哪些分類嗎？1、定義：在英語中，不作句子謂語，而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動詞，叫做非謂語動詞。2、分類：Reading

aloud

is

very

helpful.He

dropped

the

glass,

breaking

it

into

pieces.Mary

found

it

important

to

study

the

situation

in

Russia.The

window

is

broken.教師提問：動詞ing的包括現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞，什么是現(xiàn)在分詞，什么是動名詞？它們的作用有什么不同？考點二動詞ing的定義與作用定義：ing分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞形式一樣，都是由v+ing構(gòu)成，但是在句子中的作用不一樣，動名詞是動詞非謂語形式的一種；動名詞具有動詞和名詞的特征；在句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語；現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語、定語、表語、賓補。作用▲動詞ing形式作主語和賓語觀察下列從reading中選取的句子，注意分析Ving形式作的句子成分。Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.However,hedoesn’tcareaboutbeingfamous.Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmahjong,swimmingandreading.Justdreamingforthings,however,costsnothing.自我總結(jié)：1,4劃線部分作主語;2,3劃線部分作賓語;概述：動詞ing形式具有名詞性質(zhì)，可在句中擔任主語，賓語，表語，定語，賓補和狀語，但不能單獨作謂語。先讓學生觀察例句，再讓學生理解動詞ing作主語的用法。一、動詞ing形式作主語動詞ing作主語和賓語時也稱作為動名詞。動名詞作主語往往表示經(jīng)常性的、習慣性的動作或表示抽象的概念，通常直接置于句首，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。動名詞在句中有兩種位置，一種位于句首，另一種是用it作形式主語，而將動名詞短語移至句末。例：Stayingupisnotagoodhabit.熬夜不是個好習慣。ReadingaloudisagoodwayinlearningEnglish.大聲朗讀是一種好的學習英語的方法。常用ing形式作主語的?？季湫?

It+be+awasteoftimedoing...做……是浪費時間的Itis/wasnogood/usedoing...做……是無益/用的Itisworthdoing...做...值得的例：ItisawasteoftimetryingtoarguewithSherlock.和夏洛克爭辯是浪費時間的。Isitanygoodtryingtoexplain?努力解釋有任何好處嗎?ItisworthreadingthebookHarryPotter.《哈利波特》這本書值得一讀。先讓學生觀察例句，再讓學生理解動詞ing作賓語的用法。二、動詞ing形式作賓語動名詞可以作某些動詞、動詞短語及介詞的賓語。如:Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?請把你的收音機音量調(diào)小一點兒,好嗎?Icrossedthestreettoavoidmeetinghim.我橫穿街道以便避開他?！R補充：習慣上接動名詞作賓語的動詞:admit承認advise建議stand忍受permit允許 forbid禁止 appreciate感激avoid避免consider考慮delay推遲deny否認 enjoy喜歡 escape逃脫excuse原諒 finish完成forgive原諒imagine設(shè)想;想象 keep保持 mind介意miss錯過practice練習risk冒險suggest建議resist抵制 dislike不喜歡fancy設(shè)想;想象2.接動名詞作賓語的短語:putoff推遲 insiston堅持 feellike想要 depend/relyon依靠objectto反對 leadto導致 succeedin成功做…… beworth值得devote...to...獻身于……lookforwardto期盼owingto歸因于giveup放棄payattentionto注意stickto堅持contribute...to致力于applyoneselfto致力于getdownto開始認真干……be/getusedto習慣于befondof喜歡begoodat擅長于what/howabout...……怎么樣bebusy(in)doing忙于can’thelpdoing禁不住;忍不住spend...(in)doingsth花費……做某事havedifficulty/trouble(in)doing做……有困難下列動詞及動詞短語后跟動詞ing和不定式都可以，但意義不同。動詞接動詞ing作賓語接不定式作賓語remember記得曾做過某事記得要做某事forget忘記曾做過某事忘記要做某事try嘗試做某事努力做某事regret對做過的事表示后悔對要做的事表示遺憾mean意味著做某事企圖(打算)做某事can'thelp禁不住做某事不能幫助做某事goon繼續(xù)做未完成的事做完一件事后，接著做另一件事stop中斷正在做的事中斷正在做的事，去做別的事attempt,begin,start,prefer,intend等后接動詞ing或不定式作賓語均可,意義沒有區(qū)別。【例題分析】Ican’tstand(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefusestostoptalkingwhilesheworks.working〖解析〗standdoingsth.容忍做某事；句意為：我不能容忍跟珍妮在一個辦公室工作,她工作時總是喋喋不休。It

is

widely

believed

that(form)

a

good

habit

will

benefit

us

all

our

lives.formingAboveall,Ihaveetounderstandthat___________(bring)happinesstoothersisgettingourselveshappiness.分析：bringing句意：首先，我開始明白了授人玫瑰手有余香的道理。在賓語從句中設(shè)空處作主語，且表示抽象概念，故用動名詞作主語。Isthereanythingworth(buy)?

buying▲動詞ing形式作定語和表語觀察下列從reading中選取的句子，注意分析Ving形式作的句子成分。Noonewaseverboredwatchinghimhissubtleactingmadeeverythingentertaining.Hegrewmoreandmorepopularashischarmingcharacter,thelittletramp,becameknownthroughouttheworld.Theactingissoconvincingthatitmakesmakesyoubelievethatitisoneofthebestmealshehasevertasted.自我總結(jié)：劃線部分分別作定語;定語;表語;Ving形式作定語Ving形式包括現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞，他們的形式相同，都可作定語，但連著還是有以下區(qū)別的?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，它和被修飾的詞之間有一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即被修飾的詞執(zhí)行現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的的這個動作，相當于一個定語從句。如：awaitingman=amanwhoiswaitingasleepingchild=achildwhoissleeping動名詞作定語，與被修飾詞之間沒有這種關(guān)系，它僅表示一種用途，意為“作...用”。如：aswimmingpool；thereadingroom；asleepingcar=acarforsleeping（臥鋪車廂）（3）體驗：Ving是作動名詞還是現(xiàn)在分詞？Wemustimproveourworkingmethod.(動名詞)我們必須改進工作方法。Theysetupanoperatingtableinasmalltemple.(動名詞)他們將手術(shù)臺設(shè)在一座小廟里。Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(現(xiàn)在分詞)中國是發(fā)展中國家。Thestudentmakingtheexperimentisourmonitor.(現(xiàn)在分詞)正在做實驗的那個學生是我們的班長。（4）注意：現(xiàn)在分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞短語都可作定語，單個現(xiàn)在分詞一般作前置定語，現(xiàn)在分詞短語則作后置定語,相當于一個定語從句。1、developingcountry單個現(xiàn)在分詞一般作前置定語；特殊情況：修飾不定代詞時，現(xiàn)在分詞放在其后————somethingdeveloping2、themanvisitingJapan=themanwhoisvisitingJapan現(xiàn)在分詞短語則作后置定語；Ving形式作表語動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別：動名詞作表語表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動作。HisjobisteachingEnglish.動名詞作表語表示主語的內(nèi)容，可以把主語和表語交換。Ourjobisplayingallkindsofmusic.Seeingisbelieving.（眼見為實）（3）現(xiàn)在分詞作表語說明主語的性質(zhì)，特征，此時主語和表語不可以交換位置。常用來作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞有astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising等。Themusicissoexciting.Thebookissointeresting.Ving形式作賓語補足語動名詞不作賓語補足語；現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語主要用在某些動詞如see,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,get,have,feel等后，與一個名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復合賓語。這時句子的賓語和Ving之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，并且Ving表示賓語正在進行的動作。如：Isawhimopeningthewindow.Ving形式和不定式（todo）作賓語補足語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行，而不定式表示動作發(fā)生了，即動作的全過程結(jié)束了。對比：Isawhimopeningthewindow.Isawhimopenthewindow.注意：在see，hear，watch，feel等感官動詞后，跟省略了to的不定式做賓補，但在被動語態(tài)中，應加上“to”。試一下把“Isawhimopenthewindow.”改被動語態(tài)：Hewasseentoopenthewindow(byme).【例題分析】1.Aliensaidthathistripwas___________(interest).interesting2.It'snouse__________(argue)withhim.Youmightaswell________(argue)withastonewall.arguing,argue3.Theoldman's_________(take)pityonthesnakeledtohisowndeath.takingItis________(shock)thatsomeinvestmentbanksevenjudgecandidatesbywhethertheywearbrownshoes.shockingWithsomanypeople________(look)athim,hefeltverynervous.looking▲動詞ing形式作狀語一、Ving形式作狀語的句法功能(1)作時間狀語(相當于一個時間狀語從句)Hearingtheknockonthedoor,theystoppedtalking.=Whentheyheardtheknockonthedoor,theystoppedtalking.聽到有人在敲門,他們停止了談話。作原因狀語(相當于一個原因狀語從句)Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.=Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.因為生病了,昨天他沒去上學。作伴隨狀語(動詞ing形式表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生,相當于并列謂語)Theystoodthere,waitingforthebus.=Theystoodthereandwaitedforthebus.他們站在那兒等公共汽車。(4)作方式狀語(相當于一個并列句)Hediedagloriousdeath,fightingtheenemyforthepeople.=Hediedagloriousdeath,andhefoughttheenemyforthepeople.他為了群眾同敵人搏斗,光榮犧牲了。(5)作結(jié)果狀語Herhusbanddiedlastyear,leavingherwiththreechildren.她的丈夫去年去世了,撇下她和三個孩子。二、使用動詞ing作狀語應注意的問題(1)動詞ing作狀語，其邏輯主語要與句子主語保持一致，否則，要用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Ridingahorseordrivingacar,youshouldlearntocontrolit.無論是騎馬還是駕車，你都應該學會控制它。Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhead我等汽車時，一只鳥落到我頭上。獨立成分作狀語有些分詞短語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分。常見的有：generallyspeaking總的來說；judgingfrom/by根據(jù)……判斷；speakingof說到……；talkingof談到……；franklyspeaking坦率地說；allowingfor考慮到。①Judgingbyhisface,hewasangry．從他的臉色上看，他很生氣。②Theprojectwilltakeabout8months,allowingfordelayscausedbytherainyseason.考慮到雨季的耽誤，這項工程大約需要8個月。③Franklyspeaking，thecarisnotworthbuying.坦率地說，這部車不值得買。注意：這時句子主語與其無任何語法關(guān)系?！纠}分析】Ilikestayinguplate________(watch)TV,surfingtheInternetordoingsomethingI'mfondof.分析：watching邏輯主語I與watch之間為主動關(guān)系，表示伴隨狀態(tài)，故填現(xiàn)在分詞watching。MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,________(make)itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.making________(see)thepolice,thethievesranaway.Seeing教師提問：動詞ing的結(jié)構(gòu)形式只有Ving嗎？有沒有別的形式？觀察所給例句，引導學生總結(jié)各動詞ing結(jié)構(gòu)的形式表達?？键c三、動詞ing的結(jié)構(gòu)形式；語態(tài)形式主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone1、動詞ing形式的一般式(doing),可以表示沒有時間先后順序的動作；Iwishyouwouldquitplaining.我希望你不再抱怨。(一般性動作)Chattingwitheachother,weenjoyedourdinner.我們邊吃邊聊。(與謂語同時發(fā)生)2、動詞ing形式的完成式(havingdone),表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。Havingfinishedwork,shegotreadytogoshopping.完成工作后，她準備去購物。Havingbeenillfortwoweeks,shefeltratherweak.由于病了兩周，她感到身體很虛弱。3、動詞ing形式的否定式：not+動詞ingNotknowingthis,hedidn’te.他不知道這件事，所以沒來。Nothavingmadefullpreparations,weputoffthesportsmeeting.因為沒有做好充分的準備，我們把運動會延期了?！静槁┭a缺】單句語法填空。1.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_________(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.2.Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,__________(allow)morepatientstobetreated.3.ManyChinesebrands,__________(develop)theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;by

(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.IhadasmuchfunsailingtheseasasInowdo________(work)withstudents.6.NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertothechildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidence____________(suggest)thatthetrendisgrowing.7._______________(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.8.Newly－builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,____________(turn)theoldtownintoadreamland.9.Thinkaboutthehumanbodyasan_____________(amaze)machine.10.Somedayyoumaybeeitheraspeakeroralistenerinasituation_____________(involve)peoplefromothercountries.11.Itisinthecoldestpartofwinter,withthewind_____________(howl)outside.12._____________(Judge)fromthename,itiseasytoguessthatplayerscanonlyjoiniftheyarefat.13.What'sworse,hiswifeabandonedhim,_____________(leave)himalonewithhissixyearoldyoungerson.Keys:1.ranging2.allowing3.havingdeveloped4.eating5.working6.suggesting7.Havingbeenordered8.turning9.amazing10.involving11.howling12.Judging13.leaving【梳理優(yōu)化】一、?？碱}型：1.語法填空題2.書面表達二、解題技巧語法填空題中動詞ing的解題技巧判定是否用動詞ing。方法：看看句子的成分是否用非謂語。找動詞的邏輯主語。方法：動詞的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語或是動詞修飾的名詞。判斷主被動關(guān)系。方法：動詞與其邏輯主語的主動還是被動關(guān)系。用法：充當謂語以外的一切成分。解題步驟：第一步：辨別“謂與非謂”第二步：找非謂語的邏輯主語第三步：判斷語態(tài)第四步：分析時態(tài)根本特征：現(xiàn)在分詞在時態(tài)上強調(diào)動作正在進行，在語態(tài)上側(cè)重于主動。非謂語動詞主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)意義動詞ing一般式doingbeingdone其表示的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生，或幾乎同時發(fā)生完成式havingdonehavingbeendone其表示的動作先于句中謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生【強化鞏固】用適當?shù)姆侵^語形式填空BuyingbooksontheInternetisagreatway1.________(save)timeandmoney.Onlinebookstoresoffernewbooksand2.________(use)booksthatcansaveyoualotofmoney.What'smore,theyarefarbetter3.___________(pare)totraditionalbookstoresastheyoffermuchbroaderkindsofbooks.Youcaneitherclickthekindofebookonlineortypethebooktitleandgetitinseconds.Anotheradvantageof4.__________(shop)onlineisthatyoucanalsoreadthebookreviewsaswellasreaders'reviewstogetanideawhetherthebookisworth5.________(buy).Onlinebookstoresoffergreatdiscounts,whichisabigattractionforbooklovers.Forbooklovers,itismostimportant6.________(get)booksintime.Therefore,youneedtofindareliableonlinebookstorethatwillbeable7.___________(provide)fastdeliveries.Herearesometipstousewhen8.________(select)anonlinebookstore.Someonlinebookstoresarepopularforfictionbooks;somearefornonfictionbooksornovels,etc...9.____________(understand)theirspecializationwillhelpyougettherightkindsofbooksintime.Checkwhetheryouwillbebuyingthebooksfromathirdpartysellerordirectlyfromthewebsites.Neverjumpatstoresthatoffercheapprices,asbooks10.________(sell)atsuchlowpricescouldbeinverybadcondition.Keys:1.tosave2.used3.pared4.shopping5.buying6.toget7.toprovide8.selecting9.understanding10.sold【課后練習】一、單句語法填空1._____________(be)theremanytimes,sheknowstheplacequitewell.2.________________(expose)tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoyourskin.3.AsfarasIamconcerned,hissuggestionisworth____________(consider).4.________(see)fromthispoint,wefindnoeasysolutiontotheproblem.5.Attheendof2015,Chinahadapopulationof1.37billionpeople,atotalof800millionofthem______(be)employed.6.Thebuilding___________(build)nowwillbeaFrenchstylerestaurant.7.Thereisa____________(grow)tendencynowadaysforsomepeopletotreatanimalsaslivingmeatandwalkingfur.8.Keep________(hold)yourpositionforawhile.Ithelpsdevelopyourstrengthandflexibility.9.Thereweremanypeople________(wait)atthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed.10.Youcanmakemorefriendsfromdifferentpartsofthecountryby____________(serve)themwhenworkingthere.Keys:1.Havingbeen2.Exposing3.considering4.Seeing5.being6.beingbuilt7.growing8.holding9.waiting10.serving二、語法填空AccordingtoChinesespeakingpractice,lionisaspecialanimaltoChinesepeople.Apairofstonelions,amale1.____________afemale,are2.____________(mon)seeninfrontofthegatesoftraditionalbuilding.Thelion3.____________(regard)asthekingintheanimalworld,so4.____________(it)imagesrepresentpowerandprestige.Thestonelionsarealsousedtoindicatetheranksofofficials.ItisinterestingtonotethatChinahadnolionsoriginally.Theearlieststonelionsweresculpted5.____________thebeginningoftheEasternHanDynastyfromA.D.25to220with6.____________introductionofBuddhism(佛教)intoancientChina.IntheBuddhistfaith,thelion,7.____________canprotectthetruthandkeepoffevils,isconsideredadivineanimalofnoblenessanddignity.InChinesefolktales,thelionhasbeeasymbolof8.____________(brave),powerandgoodluck.Itwasalsopopulartodecoratebridgeswithstonesculptedlionsforthedefendingreason.The9.____________(well)knownofbridgesistheLugouqiao,10.____________(build)from1189to1192.Keys:1.and2.monly3.isregarded4.its5.at6.the7.which8.bravery9.best10.built三、閱讀理解WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheeverincreasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(遷徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,lowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstoe.Since1934betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.28.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?A.Lossofwetlands. B.Popularityofwatersports.C.Pollutionofrivers. D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire. B.Export.C.Destroy. D.Distribute.30.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?A.Thestamppricehasgonedown. B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting. D.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.31.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheFederalDuckStampStory B.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystemC.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowl D.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHuntingKeys:1.A2.C3.D4.A說明文。本文講述了美國鴨票的故事，由于美國移民的大量流入，對于農(nóng)地和住房的急需大量的水禽棲息地被破壞導致美國水禽驟減，因此美國發(fā)行了鴨票，狩獵者只有購買了鴨票才能狩獵，而鴨票的部分收入進入到了用于購買水禽棲息地的基金，從而保護了水禽。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheeverincreasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.”可知，上百萬公頃的濕地被抽干用作農(nóng)地或者修建住房，極大地減少了水禽的棲息地，故可知，棲息地的減少導致了水禽數(shù)量的下降，故選A。2.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前一句“NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.”可知，北美的土著人把這些珍貴的自然資源保護的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句與上一句形成了轉(zhuǎn)折，前一句陳述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句闡述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破壞了這些自然資源，故畫線詞意思是“破壞”。A.Acquire獲得；B.Export出口；C.Destroy破壞；D.Distribute分配。故選C。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.”可知，自1934年起，超過5億美元進入到了這個基金會，購買了超過500萬公頃的水禽棲息地，故可以推出，通過發(fā)行鴨票，美國政府獲得了大量的資金，故選D。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知，由于之前不恰當?shù)陌l(fā)展導致美國水禽驟減，因此美國發(fā)行了鴨票，狩獵者只有購買了鴨票才能狩獵，而鴨票的部分收入進入到了用于購買水禽棲息地的基金，從而保護了水禽