北京市延慶區(qū)高三下學期3月一模試題英語

延慶區(qū)2023～2024學年第二學期統(tǒng)測試卷高三英語本試卷共11頁，100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦毡貙⒋鸢笇懺诖痤}卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Weliveinatown,abouthalfamilefromthebanksoftheAhrRiver.Ithadbeenrainingbucketsthatweekandtherewere___1___warningsforsomeofthenearbyareas,butnotwhereIwas.Asaprecaution,I’d___2___sandbagsoutsidemygardendoorandpiledelectronicsandclothingontablesandthecouchjustincasewatermanagedtoseepthrough.AsIfellasleep,Iwas___3___bythesoundofrushingwater.WhenIswungmylegsoffthebed,Iwas___4___tofeelcoldwateralreadyuptomykneesandrisingfast.Shiveringandindarkness,Igrabbedmyphoneand___5___itsflashlight.Waterwasingfromthegardendoor,andchairs,bookshelvesandpiecesofmydrumsetwerefloatingallovermylivingroom.TheAhrmusthave___6___burstitsbanksandbreachedthesandbags.AndnowIhadtogetout—fast!Withthewaternowuptomywaist,inbarefeetIstartedtopaddletomyonly___7___:thedoorleadingtoupstairs.FinallyImadeittothatdoorandtriedtopullitopen,butthewater’spressurewashigh.Imanagedtomakea___8___ofabout30centimeterswithallmystrengthandeffort,enoughformetosqueezethrough.Rushingdownoutside,I___9___thatifIhadwokenupjustafewminuteslater,Iwouldhavedrowned.Theexperiencemademegratefulanddeterminedtoliveeachdaytoitsfullest.Iwillrememberwhatmymothertoldme:“Don’trememberthedaywhenyou____10____everything.Rememberthedayyousurvived.”1.A.flood B.earthquake C.drought D.sandstorm2.A.cleaned B.lifted C.recovered D.placed3.A.threatened B.awakened C.weakened D.tightened4.A.excited B.shocked C.depressed D.exhausted5.A.showedup B.lookedup C.turnedon D.wenton6.A.carefully B.gradually C.violently D.constantly7.A.escape B.mind C.problem D.stage8.A.gap B.depth C.height D.cut9.A.pretended B.promised C.imagined D.realised10.A.lacked B.found C.lost D.gained第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。ShenzhouXVIIcrewmemberspletedtheirfirstspacewalkon22ndDecember,2023,pletingahostoftasksoutsidetheTiangongspacestation.Itwasthe14thspacewalk____11____(conduct)byChineseastronauts.Therearealotofscienceandtechnologyassignmentsforthem____12____(perform)duringtheremainingdaysoftheirstayinorbit.Sincetheirarrival,theastronauts____13____(examine)andmaintainedequipmentandmadepreparationsfortheirspacewalk.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Asamothertothreeboys,I’musedtoreceivingmyfavoritesoapasagiftforeveryoccasion．Itdoesn’trequiremucheffort,andmysonsknowthatIloveit．OnedaymysonsawamagazineonmydeskwithJaneGoodall____14____thecover．Isaid,“She’smyfavoriteperson.”ThenextChristmas,Iwasexpectingmysoap____15____mysonshandedmeanenvelope．Insidewas/acopyofNationalGeographicsignedbyJaneGoodall．I____16____(move)totears.Iwillalwayscherishthemagazineandthoughtfulnessofmyboysfindingmetheperfectgift．C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Whenthe48yearoldUzbekgymnast,OksanaChusovitina,____17____(participate)intheAsiadwomen’sgymnasticsqualificationonMonday,thousandsofspectatorschantedfor“QiuMa,”____18____translatesto“MotherChusovitina”.Whenhersonwasdiagnosedwithleukemiain2002,sheadoptedGermancitizenshiptopeteatglobaleventsforahigherineand____19____(good)medicaltreatment.Aftenherson’s____20____(recover),Chusovitinacontinuedhergymnasticsjourneyoutofsheerloveforthesport．第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ALivingbeyondlimitsGrowingupinthehotLasVegasdesert,allIwantedwastobefree.Iwoulddaydreamabouttravelingtheworld,livinginaplacewhereitsnowed.Attheageof19,thedayafterIgraduatedfromhighschool,ImovedtoaplacewhereitsnowedandIfoundmydreamjob.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Ifeltfree,independentandpletelyincontrolofmylife.Thatis,untilmylifetookadetour(轉(zhuǎn)折點).IwenthomefromworkearlyonedaywithwhatIthoughtwastheflu,andlessthan24hourslaterIwasinthehospitalonlifesupportwithlessthana2%chanceofliving.OverthecourseoftwoandahalfmonthsIlostthehearinginmyleftearandbothofmylegsbelowtheknee.IthoughttheworstwasoveruntilweekslaterwhenIsawmynewartificiallegsforthefirsttime.TheyweresopainfulthatallIcouldthinkwas,howamIevergoingtotraveltheworldinthesethings?AndhowwasIgoingtosnowboardagain?ButIknewthatinordertomoveforward,IhadtoletgooftheoldSelfandlearntoembracethenewSelf.AndthatiswhenitdawnedonmethatifIsnowboardedagain,myfeetaren’tgoingtogetcold.FourmonthslaterIwasbackuponasnowboard,althoughthingsdidn’tgoquiteasexpected:Mykneesandmyankleswouldn’tbend.ButIknewthatIwouldbeabletodothisagainifIcouldfindtherightpairoffeet.Ididayearofresearch,stillcouldn’tfigureoutwhatkindoflegstouse.SoIdecidedtomakeapairmyself.MylegmakerandIputrandompartstogetherandwemadeapairoffeetthatIcouldsnowboardin.Thenin2005Icofoundedanonprofitorganizationforyouthwithphysicaldisabilitiessotheycouldgetinvolvedwithactionsports.Elevenyearsago,whenIlostmylegs,Ihadnoideawhattoexpect.Butifyouaskmetoday,ifIwouldeverwanttochangemysituation,Iwouldhavetosayno.Becausemylegshaven’tdisabledme.They’veforcedmetorelyonmyimaginationandtobelieveinthepossibilities.21.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenshesawhernewlegsforthefirsttime?A.Astonished. B.Hopeful. C.Desperate. D.Delighted.22.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangeherthoughttowardhersituation?AHerpositiveattitude.B.Inspirationfromresearch.C.Herloveforsnowboard.D.Helpfromanonprofitorganization.23.Theauthor’sattemptcouldhelpherandotheryouthswithphysicaldisabilitiesto______.A.travelaroundtheworldB.takepartinactionsportsC.bendtheirkneesandanklesD.recoverfromtheirdisabilities24.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover.D.NothingisimpossibletoawillingheartBIntern(實習生):UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization(UNESCO)JobTitle:DigitalBusinessSolutionsInternWorklocation:Remote/BeijingDuration:SixmonthsTheDigitalBureauSolutionisresponsibleforICToperationswithinUNESCO,andreportstotheAssistantDirectorGeneraltoAdministration(ADG/ADM).TheteamoverseestheimplementationofUNESO’sdigitalstrategy,withthedeliveryofmoreintegratedandproperlydesigned,projectandknowledgemanagementinsupportofprogrammedelivery;thesupplyofaflexibleITinfrastructure(基礎建設),andbestinclassservicemanagementtoenableeffectiveprogrammedelivery;andthesupplyofstrengthenedcybersecurityanddigitalriskmanagement.JobresponsibilitiesNetworkMonitoringandArrangement:Assistinmonitoringnetworkperformanceanddiagnosingconnectivityissuesusingnetworkmonitoringtools;whilegaininghandsonexperiencewithnetworkdevicearrangement,includingrouters,switches,andfirewalls;CloudPlatformFamiliarity:Gainexperiencewithcloudplatformsbysettingupandarrangingcloudresources;assistinplanningthemigrationofprestoredapplicationsandworkloadstothecloud:ServerandNetworkTroubleshooting:Learntotroubleshootnetworkproblems,suchasslowconnectionsorconnectionlost;Documentation:Helpupdateandmaintainnetworkdocumentation,includingnetworkdiagramsanddeviceinventories;·UserSupportandTroubleshooting:Providebasicusersupport,includingpasswordresetsandaccountcreation,andlearnabouthelpdeskticketingsystems;RequirementsYoumustbeatleast20yearsoldtoapply.YouhaverecentlygraduatedwithaMaster’sdegreeorPhD,12monthspriortothestartoftheinternship;Youshouldhaveanexcellentmand,bothwrittenandspoken,ofEnglishorFrench.Aworkingknowledgeoftheotherlanguage(EnglishorFrench)isanadvantage;Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofputersystemsandofficerelatedsoftware.ApplicantsneedtoregisteranaccountforUNESCDandentertheapplicationprocessafterpletingtheirpersonalinformationresume.IntheApplicationinformation,ifyouwanttodothisjoboffline,selectdutystation:China,Beijing.25.TheDigitalBureauSolutionisto______.A.controltheAssistantDirectorGeneraltoAdministrationB.improvemoreintegratedprojectandknowledgemanagementC.createaflexibleITinfrastructure,andgoodservicemanagementD.offerstrengthenedcybersecurityanddigitalriskmanagement.26.BeinganinterninUNESCO,onewillhelpto______.AmonitornetworkperformanceanddiagnoseconnectivityissuesB.gainexperiencewithcloudplatformsbyplanningtheapplicationsC.updateandmaintainnetworkdocumentationfornetworkdiagramsD.providebasicusersupportbylearningabouthelpdeskticketingsystems27.Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?A.Beingyoungerthan20yearsoldwhenapplying.B.HavingaMaster’sdegreeorPhDwhileapplying.C.mandingEnglishandFrenchexcellently,bothwrittenandspoken.D.Havingarichknowledgeofputersystemsandofficerelatedsoftware.CEVsareinthemiddleofanobesityepidemicFisker,anelectricvehicle,unveiledthefuturelineuponAugust3rd.Itincluded:asoupedup,offroadversionoftheOcean.ThoughFiskersayssustainabilityisoneofitsfoundingprinciples,itisindulginginatraitalmostuniversalamongcarfirms:buildingbigger,strongercars,evenwhentheyareelectric.Therearetworeasonsforthis.Thefirstisprofit.Aswithconventionalcars,biggerEVsgeneratehighermargins.Thesecondisconsumerpreference.Fordecades,drivershavebeenoptingforSUVsandpickuptrucksratherthansmallercars,andthisnowappliestobatterychargedones.EVdrivers,whoworryabouttheavailabilityofcharginginfrastructure,wantmorerange,hencebiggerbatteries.Thatmayhelpmakeforamorereassuringride.Buteventuallythesupersizingtrendwillprovetobeunsustainableandunsafe.Fornow,carmakerscanarguethathoweverbigtheelectricrigs,theyhaveapositiveimpactontheplanet.ThoughmanufacturingEVs—includingsourcingthemetalsandmineralsthatgointothem—generatesmoregreenhousegasesthanaconventionalcar,theyquicklypensateforthatthroughtheabsenceoftallpipeemissions.Butinthelongrunthetrendforbiggerbutteriesmaybackfire,foreconomicandenvironmentalreasons.First,thebiggerthebattery,themorepressuretherewillbeonthesupplychain.Ifbatterysizesincreasetherearelikelytobeloomingseareitlesoflithiumandnickel.Thatwillpushupthecostoflithiumionbatteries,underminingcarmakers’profitability.Second,tochargebiggerbatteriesinacarbonneutralwayrequiresmorelowcarbonelectricity.Thatmaycreatebottlenecksonthegrid.Third,themorepressureonscarceresourcesvitalforEVproduction,theharderitwillbetomakeaffordableelectriccarscriticalforelectrifyingthemassmarket.Thatwillslowtheoveralldecarbonisationoftransport.Finally,thereissafety.Notonlyisabattletankthatdoeszeroto100kilometresperhourintheblinkofaneyealiabilityforanyonethathappenstobeinitsway.GovernmentshavewaystoencourageEVstoshrink.Themostimportantistosupporttheexpansionofcharginginfrastructure,whichwouldreducerangeanxietyandpromotesmallercars.Taxescouldpunishheaviervehiclesandsubsidiescouldpromotelighterones.Ultimately,theindustryisalmostsuretorealisethefollyofpursuingsizeforitsownsake.Thepennyisstartingtodrop.Ford’sCEO,JimFarley,recentlysaidcarmakerscouldnotmakemoneywiththelongestrangebatteries.HisoppositenumberatGeneralMotors,MaryBarra,hastakentheunexpectedstepofreversingaplantoretiretheaffordableChevyBoltEV.InEurope,carmakerslikeVolkswagenarebuildingsmaller,cheaperEVs.TeslaissaidtobeplanningapactmodelmadeinMexico.28.ConsumerswantEVswithmorerangeandbiggerbatteriesbecause______.A.theycanbringmoreprofitsB.theycanreducetailpipeemissionsC.theyaremoresecureD.thereareinsufficientchargingfacilitiesforthem29.Fromthepassage,weknowthat______.A.RisingcostofbatterieswillincreaseprofitabilityB.ConventionalcarsproducemoregreenhousegasesthanEVsinproductionC.BiggerbatteriesmaycreatemorepressureonthesupplychainD.ThedemandonscarceresourcesinEVsmakeselectriccarsmoreaffordable30.Whatisthepassagetryingtotellus?A.Lighterelectricvehiclesshouldbeencouraged.B.Bigger,strongercarsaresaferandmoresustainable.C.Supersizingelectricvehicleshaveapositiveimpactontheplanet.D.EVswithbiggerbatteriesmayhelpmakeforamorefortableride.DItisrapidlyemergingasoneofthemostimportanttechnological,andincreasinglyideological,dividesofourtimes:shouldpowerfulgenerativeartificialintelligencesystemsbeopenorclosed?Supporterssaytheybroadenaccesstothetechnology,stimulateinnovationandimprovereliabilitybyencouragingoutsidescrutiny.Farcheapertodevelopanddeploy,smalleropenmodelsalsoinjectpetitionintoafielddominatedbybigUSpaniessuchasGoogle.MicrosoftandOpenAIthathaveinvestedbillionsdevelopingmassive,closedandcloselycontrolledgenerativeAlsystems.ButdetractorsargueopenmodelsriskliftingthelidonaPandora’sboxoftroubles.Badactorscanexploitthemtospreadpersonaliseddisinformation,whileterroristsmightusethemtomanufacturecyberorbioweapons.“Thedangerofopensourceisthatitenablesmorecraziestodocrazythings,“GeoffreyHinton,oneofthepioneersofmodernAI,haswarned.ThehistoryofOpenAI,whichdevelopedthepopularChatGPTchatbot,isitselfinstructive.Asitsnamesuggests,theresearchpanywasfoundedin2015withamitmenttodevelopthetechnologyasopenlyaspossible.Butitlaterabandonedthatapproachforbothpetitiveandsafetyreasons.OnceOpenAIrealisedthatitsgenerativeAImodelsweregoingtobe“unbelievablypotent”,itmadelittlesensetoopensourcethem,IlyaSutskever,OpenAI’schiefscientistsaid.Supportersofopenmodelshitback,ridiculingtheideathatopengenerativeAImodelsenablepeopletoaccessinformationtheycouldnototherwisefindfromtheinternetoraroguescientist.Theyalsohighlightthepetitiveselfinterestofthebigtechpaniesinshoutingaboutthedangersofopenmodels,whoseintentionistoestablishtheirownmarketdominancestrongly.Butthereisanideologicaldimensiontothisdebate,too.YannLeCun,chiefscientistofMeta,haslikenedtheargumentsforcontrollingthetechnologytomedievalobscurantism(蒙昧主義):thebeliefthatonlyaselfselectingpriesthoodofexpertsiswiseenoughtohandleknowledge.Inthefuture,allourinteractionswiththevastdigitalrepositoryofhumanknowledgewillbemediatedthroughAlsystems.WeshouldnotwantahandfulofSiliconValleypaniestocontrolthataccess.Justastheinternetflourishedbyresistingattemptstoencloseit,soAIwillthrivebyremainingopen,LeCunargues.WendyHall,royalprofessorofputerscienceatSouthamptonuniversity,sayswedonotwanttoliveinaworldwhereonlythebigpaniesrungenerativeAl.Nordowewanttoallowuserstodoanythingtheylikewithopenmodels.“Wehavetofindsomepromise,”shesuggests.Weshouldcertainlyresistthetyranny(暴政)ofthebinary(二進制)whenitestothinkingaboutAImodels.Bothopenandclosedmodelshavetheirbenefitsandflaws.Asthecapabilitiesofthesemodelsevolve,wewillconstantlyhavetotweaktheweightingsbetweenpetitionandcontrol.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“potent”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Accessible. B.Powerful. C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.32.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Itneedsbillionsofdollarstodevelopanddeployopensourcemodels.B.ThefieldofgenerativeAIsystemsisdominatedbybigpanies.C.Onlyselfselectingexpertscanhandleopenmodelswisely.D.Userscandoanythingtheylikewithopenmodelsatthismoment.33.RegardingWendyHall’ssuggestions,theauthoris______.A.sympathetic B.puzzled C.unconcerned D.opposed34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoKeeptheLidonthePandora’sBoxofOpenAIB.DividesonOpenAI:technologyandideologyC.WheredoestheDebateonOpenAIEndD.ProsandConsofOpenAI第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Doyouwanttobeacognitivesuperagerwhenyouareold?Justasyoutakestepstowardsafutureproofingbody,youcanenhanceyourbrain’sresiliencetoagerelateddiseasebyboostingcognitivereserve.AndrewSommerlad,anassociateprofessorofpsychiatry,discoversthepowerofcognitivereserveinstudiesofolderpeoplewhoshowsignsofAlzheimer’s(阿爾茲海默癥)intheirbrains.____35____Actually,threeyearsago,colleaguesofSommerladhadalsopublishedfindingsfromStudyofAgeing.Theyshowedthathigherlevelsofcognitivereserveareassociatedwithlowerlevelsofdementia.____36____Thestrongcognitivereserveishelpfultostaveoffsymptomsofbrainchangesassociatednotjustwithdementiabutwithotherbraindiseases.Italsohelpsyoutofunctionbetterforlongerwhenfacingunexpectedlifeeventsasyougetolder.Howdoyouimproveit?Theyoungeryouimplementthingsthatwillbolsterit,thebetter.Forexample,youcandotasksthatchallengesyourbrainability,likecrosswords,reading,givingimpromptuspeechandcriticalthinking.____37____So,domindbodypracticeslikeyoga,TaiChiormeditationtoreducestressisalsoimportant.Thiscanhelpyoubalancetheperiodsofmentaldemandandrelaxation.____38____ideally,seventoninehoursisoptimalforenhancingcognitivereserve.Startbyimprovingyoursleephygienewithstepssuchasavoidingelectronicscreens.Cognitivereserveisdevelopedthroughalifetimeofeducation,curiosityandpersistence.____39____A.Itseffectsarewidereaching.B.Additionally,maintainregularsleeppatterns.C.Soplanaheadtomakesureyoukeepcognitivelybusyandengaged!D.Therearewaysyoucanimprovesleep,forbothyoungandoldpeople.E.Itsuggeststhatdevelopingagoodcognitivereservecanbepowerfullyprotective.F.Howeverthinkingtoohardfortoolongmaywearyouout,hurtingcognitivereserve.G.Theycopebetterwithpathological(病理上的)changes,thehighertheirpowersofcognitivereserve.第三部分：書面表達(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)閱讀表達(共4小題：第1、2題各2分，第3題3分，第4題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求回答問題。Anxietyisnotdeadlybecausebeingabletofeelanxiousshowsthatourfightorflightsystemisoperational,whichisanindicatorofbrainandsensoryhealth.Onceweacceptthatbeinganxiousisanormalpartoflife,wecanuseittoourbenefit.Anxietycanhelpbuildouremotionalstrength.Ifwewanttobuildemotionalstrength,weneedtofacesomedegreeofmentalstress.Ofcourse,unpleasantandabusetendtocausemoreharmthangood,buttheexperienceofoccasionalanxiety,stress,andtensionsubstantiallyincreasesouremotionalcourage.Anxietycanincreaseyouremotionalconnection.Clinicalsciencehasidentifiedthatsharingouranxietieswithourlovedonesisoneofthemosteffectivestrategiestobuildconnection.Whenmypatientslearntoopenupandsharetheiranxietieswiththeirpartners,theyalmostalwaysreportagreatersenseofemotionalconnection.Anxietycanhelpusrebalance.Whenwefeelgenuinelyanxiousbecauseofstress,it’sourbody’swayoftellingustorebalance.Nobodyistrulylimitless.Whenwepayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,weemergemorefocusedandhealthieroverallandalsolessstressedandanxious.Anxietycanbeahealthy,helpfulemotionthatisaconstructiveaspectofhumanlife.Whenitestooccasionalexperienceofanxiety,itcanemotionallyhelpboostourcourage.Itcanalsobuildupemotionalconnectionwhenweexpressoursensitivefeelingstoothers.Andintheformofstress,itcanserveasaninternalindicatortoremainbalancedandhealthy.Nowit’shightimewestartedputtingittogooduse．40.Whyisanxietynotdeadly?____________________________________________________________________________________________41Whencananxietyincreaseouremotionalconnection?____________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy?Whenwepayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,weemergemorefocusedandhealthieroverallandalsomorestressedandanxious．____________________________________________________________________________________________43.Asastudent,howdoyoumakeuseoftestanxietytohelpyoubebetterpreparedforexams?(Inabout40words)____________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)(20分)44.假設你是紅星中學高三學生李華。你們學校下周將要舉辦“科技嘉年華”活動。請你給交換生Jim寫一封郵件，邀請他參加此次活動，內(nèi)容包括：1.活動目的；2.活動安排?？萍技文耆AScienceandTechnologyCarnival注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua延慶區(qū)2023～2024學年第二學期統(tǒng)測試卷高三英語本試卷共11頁，100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘。考生務必將答案寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Weliveinatown,abouthalfamilefromthebanksoftheAhrRiver.Ithadbeenrainingbucketsthatweekandtherewere___1___warningsforsomeofthenearbyareas,butnotwhereIwas.Asaprecaution,I’d___2___sandbagsoutsidemygardendoorandpiledelectronicsandclothingontablesandthecouchjustincasewatermanagedtoseepthrough.AsIfellasleep,Iwas___3___bythesoundofrushingwater.WhenIswungmylegsoffthebed,Iwas___4___tofeelcoldwateralreadyuptomykneesandrisingfast.Shiveringandindarkness,Igrabbedmyphoneand___5___itsflashlight.Waterwasingfromthegardendoor,andchairs,bookshelvesandpiecesofmydrumsetwerefloatingallovermylivingroom.TheAhrmusthave___6___burstitsbanksandbreachedthesandbags.AndnowIhadtogetout—fast!Withthewaternowuptomywaist,inbarefeetIstartedtopaddletomyonly___7___:thedoorleadingtoupstairs.FinallyImadeittothatdoorandtriedtopullitopen,butthewater’spressurewashigh.Imanagedtomakea___8___ofabout30centimeterswithallmystrengthandeffort,enoughformetosqueezethrough.Rushingdownoutside,I___9___thatifIhadwokenupjustafewminuteslater,Iwouldhavedrowned.Theexperiencemademegratefulanddeterminedtoliveeachdaytoitsfullest.Iwillrememberwhatmymothertoldme:“Don’trememberthedaywhenyou____10____everything.Rememberthedayyousurvived.”1.A.flood B.earthquake C.drought D.sandstorm2.A.cleaned B.lifted C.recovered D.placed3.A.threatened B.awakened C.weakened D.tightened4.A.excited B.shocked C.depressed D.exhausted5.A.showedup B.lookedup C.turnedon D.wenton6.A.carefully B.gradually C.violently D.constantly7.A.escape B.mind C.problem D.stage8.A.gap B.depth C.height D.cut9.A.pretended B.promised C.imagined D.realised10.A.lacked B.found C.lost D.gained【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.B5.C6.C7.A8.A9.D10.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的一次脫險經(jīng)歷。由于連下大雨，使得河流決堤，爆發(fā)了洪水，殃及到作者所居住的區(qū)域。盡管作者提前做好了“抗洪”準備，但是，洪水的破壞力還是使得作者的家，以及該區(qū)域一片狼藉。幸運的是，作者逃生并幸存了下來?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那個星期一直下著大雨，附近的一些地區(qū)發(fā)布了洪水警報，但我所在的地方?jīng)]有。A.flood洪水；B.earthquake地震；C.drought干旱；D.sandstorm沙塵暴。根據(jù)“Ithadbeenrainingbucketsthatweek”可知，下大雨應是發(fā)布洪水警報，故選A。【2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：作為預防措施，我在花園門外放了沙袋，把電子產(chǎn)品和衣服堆在桌子和沙發(fā)上，以防水浸透。A.cleaned打掃；B.lifted舉起，（被）提起；C.recovered恢復；D.placed放置。結(jié)合語境及“piledelectronicsandclothingontablesandthecouch”可知，此處指在花園門外放了沙袋，故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我剛睡著，就被嘩嘩的水聲吵醒了。A.threatened威脅；B.awakened（使）醒來；C.weakened削弱，減弱；D.tightened（使）變緊。根據(jù)“AsIfellasleep”可知，作者正在睡覺，故此處指被水聲吵醒，故選B?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當我把腿從床上甩下來時，我震驚地感到冷水已經(jīng)沒過膝蓋，而且還在迅速上升。A.excited興奮的；B.shocked震驚的；C.depressed沮喪的；D.exhausted筋疲力盡的。根據(jù)“tofeelcoldwateralreadyuptomykneesandrisingfast”可知，作者一覺醒來感到冷水已經(jīng)沒過膝蓋，而且還在迅速上升，應是感到震驚，故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在黑暗中瑟瑟發(fā)抖，我抓起，打開了手電筒。A.showedup出現(xiàn)；B.lookedup查閱，向上看；C.turnedon打開；D.wenton繼續(xù)。根據(jù)“Shiveringandindarkness”可知，作者身處黑暗中，故是抓起打開手電筒，故選C。【6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：阿爾河一定猛烈地沖垮了河岸，沖破了沙袋。A.carefully仔細地；B.gradually逐漸地；C.violently猛烈地，激烈地；D.constantly不斷地。根據(jù)上文“Waterwasingfromthegardendoor,andchairs,bookshelvesandpiecesofmydrumsetwerefloatingallovermylivingroom.(水從花園的門里涌了出來，椅子、書架和我的架子鼓碎片漂浮在客廳里)”可知，家里遭遇洪水，故此處指阿爾河猛烈地沖垮了河岸，故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在水沒到我的腰了，我光著腳開始劃向我唯一的逃生之處：通往樓上的門。A.escape逃脫；B.mind頭腦；C.problem問題；D.stage舞臺。根據(jù)空后“thedoorleadingtoupstairs”可知，水位已經(jīng)到了腰部，作者應是上樓逃生，故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我使出了全身的力氣和力氣，總算擠出了30厘米左右的空隙，才勉強擠了過去。A.gap間隙，開口；B.depth深度；C.height高度；D.cut劃口。根據(jù)“enoughformetosqueezethrough”可知，此處指使出渾身力氣打開一個間隙擠過去，故選A?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我沖到外面，意識到如果我?guī)追昼姾笮褋恚揖蜁退?。A.pretended假裝；B.promised承諾；C.imagined想象；D.realised意識到。結(jié)合空后“ifIhadwokenupjustafewminuteslater,Iwouldhavedrowned”可知，此處指作者意識到形勢的嚴峻，如果晚幾分鐘醒來可能就被淹死了。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我會記住媽媽告訴我的話：“不要記得你失去一切的那一天。記住你活下來的那一天?！盇.lacked缺少；B.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.lost失去；D.gained獲得。結(jié)合作者的經(jīng)歷以及下文“Rememberthedayyousurvived.”可知，作者從洪水中幸存，故此處指不要想自己失去了一切，而是要記得活下來的那一天，故選C。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。ShenzhouXVIIcrewmemberspletedtheirfirstspacewalkon22ndDecember,2023,pletingahostoftasksoutsidetheTiangongspacestation.Itwasthe14thspacewalk____11____(