上海市楊浦區(qū)2022年高三《英語(yǔ)》上學(xué)期期中試題與參考答案

上海市楊浦區(qū)2023年高三《英語(yǔ)》上學(xué)期期中試題與參考答案II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.HowMuchUnderstandingOpportunityCostDecisions,decisions!Everydaywecomeacrosssituationsin____1____wehavetomakeachoice.Economistshavelongrealizedthatwhenwemakedecision,weareconsideringourunlimitedwants____2____limitedtime,money,services,andopportunities.____3____wechoose,wenotonlyhavetothinkaboutthecostofoneitemwecanhavenow,butwemusttakeintoaccountthethingwehavetogiveup.Economistscallthis"opportunitycost,"andyoudon'thavetohaveaPhDineconomics____4____(benefit)fromknowinghowtheconceptworksandnowitcanimproveourlifechoices.Asimplechoicebetweenbuyingadinnerinanexpensiverestaurantandata____5____(affordable)foodstandcanillustrateopportunitycost.Themoneyyouspendonthehigh-classrestaurantmealiscertaintobemorethanthe____6____atafoodstand.Ifyouchoosetherestaurant,youwillenjoyagoodmealandtheenjoymentoffinedining.However,theextramoneyspentonthemealcomparedtothefoodfromthefoodstand____7____(lose).Yousacrificecheapermealforacostlierone.Thisisanexampleof"opportunitycost."____8____yougotocollege?Thatwouldtakeatleastfouryearsplustheexpensesfortuition,books,andothersupplies.Duringthattimeyouwouldprobablynotbeearninganymoney.Thelostopportunityofearningmoneyisyouropportunitycostofobtaining____9____collegedegree.Beforeyoumakeyournextpurchase,whetherforahouse,car,collegedegree,orjustcoffee,consider_____10_____youmustgiveuptomakethatpurchase.【答案】1.which2.against3.Everytime4.tobenefit5.moreaffordable6.one7.willbelost8.Should9.a10.what【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章向我們介紹了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的機(jī)會(huì)成本的概念，并用買飯和上大學(xué)這兩個(gè)例子進(jìn)行闡釋說明，提醒人們?cè)谧鲑?gòu)買決定時(shí)要更加理性?！?題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們每天都會(huì)遇見我們不得不做出選擇的情況/形勢(shì)。根據(jù)situation“情況，形勢(shì)”作先行詞時(shí)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該使用inwhich或where，題干中已經(jīng)給出了in，故此處填入關(guān)系代詞which?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：我們總是拿我們無(wú)限的欲望來對(duì)抗有限的時(shí)間、金錢、服務(wù)以及機(jī)遇。根據(jù)句意可知“無(wú)限的欲望”和“有限的資源”之間存在對(duì)照/博弈關(guān)系，故此處填入介詞against。【3題詳解】考查連詞。句意：我們每次在進(jìn)行選擇時(shí)，我們不僅要考慮我們當(dāng)前所擁有的某樣?xùn)|西的成本，我們還要考慮我們不得不放棄的東西。根據(jù)逗號(hào)前的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)可知前面為一個(gè)句子且為從句，根據(jù)句意可知是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，可以填入連接詞“when”，若要強(qiáng)調(diào)“每一次”的概念也可以填入“everytime”，故此處可填入連詞Everytime或When?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：并且你不需要擁有一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)博士學(xué)位，來使你從了解這個(gè)概念是如何運(yùn)作的中獲益，現(xiàn)在這可以改善我們的人生選擇。根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故填入tobenefit?！?題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的關(guān)于是在一個(gè)昂貴的餐館買晚飯還是在一個(gè)更加負(fù)擔(dān)得起的食品攤買飯就闡釋了機(jī)會(huì)成本。根據(jù)句意是在昂貴的和便宜一些的餐館間做選擇，故需要用到形容此形容詞的比較級(jí)，故填入moreaffordable?！?題詳解】考查代詞。句意：你在一個(gè)高級(jí)餐廳花的錢當(dāng)然會(huì)比在一個(gè)食品攤上花的那份錢多。根據(jù)句意可知，“花的錢”是這個(gè)句子中重復(fù)的部分，根據(jù)英文一般忌重復(fù)的原則，后一次重復(fù)需要用到代詞，one原則上不可以替代不可數(shù)名詞，如果名詞用一份等詞量化時(shí)則可以，故此處填入代詞one?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)分詞作定語(yǔ)。句意：如果你選擇了餐館，你會(huì)享受到好的飯菜和很棒的就用樂趣，然而，與食品攤位相比，你在你在餐館額外花的錢將會(huì)失去。根據(jù)句意此句仍承接前句的假設(shè)，故主句仍需要用到將來時(shí)態(tài)，又因?yàn)殄X做主語(yǔ)，則需要用到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填入willbelost?！?題詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：你應(yīng)該去讀大學(xué)嗎？根據(jù)本段大部分內(nèi)容是在分析讀大學(xué)的成本和收獲可知，此處提出問題要不要讀大學(xué)，所以此處填入情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Should?！?題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：你所失去的賺錢的機(jī)會(huì)就是你去獲取大學(xué)學(xué)位的機(jī)會(huì)成本。顯然，Degree“學(xué)位”為可數(shù)名詞，又因?yàn)榇颂帪榉褐父拍睿蚀颂幪钊氩欢ü谠~a。【10題詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：在你做出你的下一次購(gòu)買決定前，無(wú)論是買房、車、大學(xué)學(xué)位還是咖啡，考慮為了這次購(gòu)買你必須要放棄的東西。祈使句中動(dòng)詞consider后面為賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中的空缺處充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)且有意義，“東西”，故需填入連接代詞what。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.naturalB.substitutingC.stableD.disappearE.pieceF.transformingGreturnedH.regrowthI.habitatsJ.flatK.pulledFireThatWasStarted92,000YearsAgoHumanareactivelychanginglandscapesacrosstheglobe,butshapingecosystemsisnotjustamodernactivity.AnanalysisofthenorthernshoresofEastAfrica'sLakeMalawirevealsancientinhabitantsusedfire92,000yearsagotopreventforest____11____.TheseStoneAgehumansburnedforesttomakeroomforagrowingpopulation.TheYale-ledstudydiscoveredsettlementsinthearea,alongwithcharcoaldepositsinthecoreofthelake,allowingresearchersto____12____thestorytogether.JessicaThompson,thepaper'sleadauthor,said:"ThisistheearliestevidenceIhaveseenofhumans____13____theirecosystemwithfire.ItsuggeststhatbytheLatePleistocene（晚更新世）,humanswerelearningtousefireintrulynewways.Theworkbeganin2018.ResearchersfromPennsylvaniaStateUniversityexaminedfossils,pollen（花粉）andminerals____14____fromthebottomofthelake.Theanalysisshowedenvironmentchangesthatcouldnotbeexplainedwith____15____factors.Normallyforestalongthelakeshore____16____duringdryperiodsandrecoverwhenthelakereachesnormallevels.Buthereresearchersdiscoveredthatwhenwetterperiods____17____andwaterlevelsbecamenormal,forestsalongtheshoredidnotrecover,andthespeciesrichnesswent____18____.SarahIvoryfromPennsylvaniaStateUniversitysaid:"Thepollenthatweseeinthismostrecentperiodof____19____climateisverydifferentthanbefore.Specifically,treesarenolongercommonandarereplacedbypollenfromplantsthatdealwellwithfrequentfire."It'snotclearwhypeoplewereburningthelandscape.It'spossiblethattheywereexperimentingwithcontrolledburnstoproduce_____20_____.Itcouldbethattheirfiresburnedoutofcontrol,orthatthereweresimplealotofpeopleburningfuelintheirenvironmentthatprovidedforwarmth,cooking,orsocialization.【答案】11.H12.E13.F14.K15.A16.D17.G18.J19.C20.I【分析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了考古發(fā)現(xiàn)早期人類是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)工程師。他們用火的方式阻止了該地區(qū)森林的再生，形成了今天存在的一片廣闊的低矮灌木林。【11題詳解】考查名詞。句意：一項(xiàng)對(duì)東非馬拉維湖北部海岸的分析顯示，古代居民在92000年前使用火災(zāi)來防止森林的再生。分析句子可知，需填名詞作賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)下文的“TheseStoneAgehumansburnedforesttomakeroomforagrowingpopulation.(這些石器時(shí)代的人類燒毀森林，為不斷增長(zhǎng)的人口騰出空間)”可推斷，古代居民用大火阻止森林再生，regrowth“再生”不可數(shù)名詞，符合題意，故選H?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：耶魯大學(xué)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了該地區(qū)的定居點(diǎn)，和湖中心的木炭沉積物，讓研究人員可以把這個(gè)故事拼湊起來。to是不定式符號(hào)，故填動(dòng)詞，由句意可知，一個(gè)分析讓研究人員拼湊出這個(gè)故事，piece“拼湊”符合句意，故選E?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：該論文的主要作者埃西卡·湯普森說：“這是我所看到的最早的關(guān)于人類用火改變生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的證據(jù)”。根據(jù)句意可知，此處說明人們用火改變生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，transform“改變；轉(zhuǎn)變”符合語(yǔ)境，分析句子可知，介詞of后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，human是動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，故選F。【14題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：這項(xiàng)工作始于2018年。來自賓夕法尼亞州立大學(xué)的研究人員檢查了從湖底拖出來的化石、花粉和礦物質(zhì)。根據(jù)句意可知，這些化石，花粉和礦物質(zhì)來自湖底，pull“拖；拉”符合題意，作后置定語(yǔ)，pull與fossils,pollen（花粉）andminerals之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式作定語(yǔ)，故選K?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：分析顯示，環(huán)境變化無(wú)法用自然因素來解釋。此處用形容詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞，根據(jù)下一段內(nèi)容可知，此處說的是自然因素?zé)o法介紹環(huán)境變化。natural“自然的”形容詞作定語(yǔ)，故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：通常沿湖岸的森林在干燥時(shí)期消失，當(dāng)湖泊達(dá)到正常水平時(shí)恢復(fù)。分析句子可知，缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞形式，根據(jù)下文“recoverwhenthelakereachesnormallevels”可推斷，干燥時(shí)期森林消失，描述客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)forest是單數(shù)，disappear“消失”動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)。故選D。【17題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)較濕潤(rùn)時(shí)期回歸和水位恢復(fù)正常時(shí)，沿岸森林沒有恢復(fù)，物種豐富度趨于平穩(wěn)。分析句子可知，空格處填動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)上文“recoverwhenthelakereachesnormallevels”可知，較濕潤(rùn)時(shí)期回歸，森林恢復(fù)正常，return“返回；回歸”符合語(yǔ)境，且描述過去的事情，用一般過去時(shí)。故選G?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)較濕潤(rùn)時(shí)期回歸和水位恢復(fù)正常時(shí)，沿岸森林沒有恢復(fù)，物種豐富度趨于平穩(wěn)。go是系動(dòng)詞，接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)上文“forestsalongtheshoredidnotrecover”可知，森林沒有恢復(fù)，物種豐富度趨于平穩(wěn)。flat“停滯的；平淡的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選J?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：我們?cè)谧罱欢畏€(wěn)定氣候時(shí)期看到的花粉與以前大不相同。分析句子可知，用形容詞作定語(yǔ)，根據(jù)下文“replacedbypollenfromplantsthatdealwellwithfrequentfire.”可知，此處表示穩(wěn)定時(shí)期看到的花粉不同于以前火災(zāi)時(shí)期看到的。stable“穩(wěn)定的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。【20題詳解】考查名詞。句意：有可能是他們?cè)谠囼?yàn)控制燒傷來產(chǎn)生有利于狩獵和采集的棲息地。分析句子可知，填名詞作賓語(yǔ)，由上文“theywereexperimentingwithcontrolledburns”以及句意可推斷，此處說明古代居民通過有控制的燃燒創(chuàng)造棲息地，habitat“棲息地”符合語(yǔ)境，是可數(shù)名詞，用復(fù)數(shù)，故選I。III.ReadingComprehensionsSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.DealingwithDigitalShameSomeargueshamecanbeaforcefultoolforchange.Butwhenit'sweaponizedagainstothersin____21____digitalspaces,thesesamestrategiescanturnintohurtfulbehaviours,likecyberbullyingandonlineharassment(騷擾).Gettingcalledout,insultedorbulliedisn'texactly____22____.ButtheInternet'sabilitytostrengthenandpermanently____23____thosemessagesis.Andthistoolisnowinthehandsofmostyoungpeople.Here'showexpertsrecommendguidingkidsandteensthroughthisdigitallandscape.1.Thinkbeforeyoupost.Inthedigitalage,whatwesharecanbecome____24____.It'salsoawayof____25____ourselvestoothers,sayswebsafetyexpertNancyWillard.____26____,considerwhatyoursocialmediafootprintsaysaboutyou."Writedownthekeywordsthatyouwouldlikeotherpeopletousewhentheydescribeyou,"Willardsays."Then,whenyou're____27____something,[askyourself],'Doesthatreflectthosequalities?'"2.Workthroughscenarios(可能場(chǎng)景)inadvance.Ifsomeoneattacksyouonline,saysJustinW.Patching,co-directoroftheCyberbullyingResearchCentre,youmightfeelthedesire--eventheneedtorespond.Instead,parentsshouldconsiderhelpingtheirkids____28____suchsituationsbeforehand."Giventhemasituation,"hesays,"tojustpracticethoseskillsof____29____ormakingajokeofit."3.Stopandstaycalm.It'seasyforadelicatedigitalargumenttomakeyourbloodboil."Ifyou'reupset,realizethatthethreat_____30_____centreofyourbrainhastakenover,"Willardsays."Unfortunately,whenthishappens,youremotional_____31_____andyourthinkingcentresgooffline."Buttherearewaystoremaincool.Takesomedeepbreaths.Stepawayfromthekeyboard.Goforawalkoutside.4.Putyourselfintheotherperson'sshoes.Ifyou'rebeingbelittledonline,itmaysaymoreabouttheotherpersonthanitdoesaboutyou,sayspsychologistSherryTurkle."Ifyoucankeepthatinmind,"shesays,"thenthewholeexperiencewillseemless_____32_____toyou,emotionally."5.Empoweryourselfwithtools.Ifyoufindyourselfbeingcyberbullied,oftenthetechitselfcanprovideanumberofsimplewaystorespond:Blockingthe_____33_____.Reportinghurtfulexchanges.Takingscreenshots.Savingmessagethreads.Havingthat_____34_____canhelpifthebehavioursdoescalatebeyondonehurtfuloffensetorepeated,long-standingharassment.It'saloteasierforauthoritiestogetinvolvedwhentheycansee_____35_____what'sgoingon.21.A.stored B.shared C.shifted D.secured22.A.local B.true C.easy D.new23.A.document B.define C.distract D.dominate24A.internal B.relevant C.permanent D.virtual25.A.presenting B.adjusting C.restricting D.devoting26.A.Incontrast B.Inshort C.Infact D.Intheend27.A.printing B.piling C.posting D.passing28.A.substitutefor B.appealto C.recoverfrom D.preparefor29.A.ignoring B.isolating C.imitating D.identifying30.A.response B.review C.relief D.reserve31.A.integration B.regulation C.modification D.interruption32.A.conflicting B.confusing C.convincing D.comforting33.A.offender B.stranger C.sponsor D.partner34.A.feedback B.resource C.inquiry D.evidence35A.equally B.eagerly C.exactly D.extremely【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.A26.B27.C28.D29.A30.A31.B32.B33.A34.D35.C【分析】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了5個(gè)應(yīng)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌和在線騷擾等數(shù)字信息空間侮辱行為的辦法?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，當(dāng)它在共享的數(shù)字空間被武器化，針對(duì)其他人時(shí)，同樣的策略可能會(huì)變成傷害性行為，如網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌和在線騷擾。A.stored儲(chǔ)存的；B.shared共用的；C.shifted被轉(zhuǎn)移的；D.secured獲得的。結(jié)合常識(shí)和第三段“Inthedigitalage,whatwesharecanbecome4.”可知，數(shù)字信息空間是人們共用的(shared)公共空間。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：被罵、被侮辱或被欺負(fù)并不是什么新鮮事。A.local當(dāng)?shù)氐?；B.true真實(shí)的；C.easy容易的；D.new新的。結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，欺凌和被欺凌行為一直存在，并不是新鮮事。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但互聯(lián)網(wǎng)強(qiáng)化和永久記錄這些信息的能力卻是這樣。A.document記錄；B.define給……下定義；C.distract使分心；D.dominate統(tǒng)治。結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，theInternet可以永久記錄(document)信息。故選A項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在數(shù)字時(shí)代，我們分享的東西可以一直存在。A.internal內(nèi)部的；B.relevant相關(guān)的；C.permanent永久的，一直存在的；D.virtual虛擬的。根據(jù)第二段“ButtheInternet'sabilitytostrengthenandpermanently3thosemessagesis.”可知，在數(shù)字信息時(shí)代，人們分享的東西會(huì)一直存在。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全專家南?！ね抡f，這也是向他人展示自己的一種方式。A.presenting展示；B.adjusting調(diào)整；C.restricting限制；D.devoting致力于。根據(jù)下文“whatyoursocialmediafootprintsaysaboutyou.”可知，人們?cè)跀?shù)字信息空間的分享會(huì)反映自己的情況，也是一種對(duì)自己的展示。故選A項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：簡(jiǎn)而言之，考慮一下你的社交媒體足跡反映了你什么。A.Incontrast相反；B.Inshort簡(jiǎn)言之；C.Infact事實(shí)上；D.Intheend最后。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，“considerwhatyoursocialmediafootprintsaysaboutyou.”是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)。故選B項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，當(dāng)你發(fā)布一些東西的時(shí)候，(問問自己)，“它反映了那些品質(zhì)嗎?”。A.printing打??；B.piling堆放；C.posting發(fā)布，上傳；D.passing傳遞。根據(jù)上文可知，NancyWillard認(rèn)為人們?cè)跀?shù)字信息空間的分享會(huì)反映自己的情況，所以在發(fā)布(post)東西前要想清楚是否能達(dá)到自己想要的效果，是否能反映出那些自己想要展示的品質(zhì)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：相反，父母應(yīng)該考慮幫助他們的孩子提前做好準(zhǔn)備。A.substitutefor代替；B.appealto呼吁；C.recoverfrom恢復(fù)；D.preparefor為……準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)下文“Giventhemasituation,”和“tojustpracticethoseskillsof9ormakingajokeofit.”可知，Justin建議父母要讓孩子提前練習(xí)，提前做準(zhǔn)備。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“給他們一個(gè)情境，”他說，“練習(xí)無(wú)視或拿它開玩笑的技巧。”。A.ignoring忽視；B.isolating使隔離；C.imitating模仿；D.identifying識(shí)別。根據(jù)“makingajokeofit”可推知，面對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌時(shí)，Justin的建議是不要太在意，可以選擇無(wú)視它或者拿它開玩笑。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你心煩意亂，要意識(shí)到你大腦中的“威脅反應(yīng)中心”已經(jīng)占據(jù)了主導(dǎo)地位。A.response反應(yīng)；B.review復(fù)習(xí)；C.relief緩解；D.reserve預(yù)訂。結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，生氣意味著我們會(huì)對(duì)威脅作出反應(yīng)，大腦中“威脅反應(yīng)中心”開始起作用。故選A項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的是，當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時(shí)，你的情緒管理和思維中心就會(huì)離線。A.integration結(jié)合；B.regulation管理；C.modification修改；D.interruption打斷。根據(jù)上文“thethreat10centreofyourbrainhastakenover”和“thinkingcentresgooffline”可推知，生氣時(shí)情緒管理(regulation)和思維就會(huì)下線，失控。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這樣整個(gè)經(jīng)歷在情感上對(duì)你來說就不會(huì)那么困惑了。A.conflicting相矛盾的；B.confusing令人困惑的；C.convincing令人信服的；D.comforting令人欣慰的。根據(jù)上文可知，心理學(xué)家Sherry建議換位思考，這樣當(dāng)被貶低時(shí)，這件事情就不會(huì)那么令人感到困惑(confusing)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：屏蔽冒犯者。A.offender冒犯者；B.stranger陌生人；C.sponsor資助者；D.partner合伙人。根據(jù)“Blocking”可知，要屏蔽的是網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌者，冒犯別人的人。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果這些行為確實(shí)從一次傷害性的冒犯升級(jí)為反復(fù)的、長(zhǎng)期的騷擾，有了這些證據(jù)會(huì)有所幫助。A.feedback反饋；B.resource資源；C.inquiry調(diào)查；D.evidence證明。根據(jù)上文“Takingscreenshots.Savingmessagethreads.”可知，作者建議留下證據(jù)。故選D項(xiàng)。【35題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)當(dāng)局能夠清楚地看到正在發(fā)生的事情時(shí)，他們就更容易介入。A.equally平等地；B.eagerly急切地；C.exactly確切地；D.extremely極度。結(jié)合上文和常識(shí)可知，作者建議留下證據(jù)，這樣做的目的是在必要的時(shí)候讓別人確切地(exactly)看到發(fā)生了什么。故選C項(xiàng)。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)A47-year-oldFrenchmanhadanunfortunateexperiencewhilewalkingaroundCannes.Hereheistotellusallaboutit.TheBlackHoleIworkinthephilosophydepartmentattheuniversity.Justlastweek,Ihadsomedrinkswithsomefriendsinabar.Afterafewglassesofwine,butnottoomany,mindyou,Ifelt.Itwasaboutsixintheevening,anditwasstartingtogetdark.Ithadbeenrainingheavilythepastfewdays,butthatnightitwaspleasantsoIdecidedtowalkhome.However,I'djustturnedthecornerintomystreetwhenallofasudden,"whoosh",Ifelldownanuncoveredmanhole.FlyingItwasanincredibleexperience.ItwasasifIwasflyingthroughtheair.Icouldfeelthecold,wetsidesofthedrain.Eventuallymybackwasrubbingalongtheside,until"splash",Ifellintoapoolofrunningwater.AWaterRideNowIwasmovingquitefast.Thecurrentwasverystrong—Iguessitwasbecauseofalltheheavyrainthathadfloodedthedrain.Luckilythewaterwasn'tverydeepsoIcouldkeepmyheadabovewater.TherewasnothingIcoulddo,soIlayback,withmyhandsbehindmyhead,asifIwasonslideinawaterpark,andjustletmyselfgo.Itwasquitepleasantreally,exceptfortheoccasionalmouthfulofsickeningwater,andahorriblesmell.Whenwasitgoingtoend?Iwasabouttofindout.TheEndoftheOrdealAllofasudden,Icouldseealightattheendofthetunnel.Itstartedoffquitesmall,butthenitgotbiggerandbigger.AfewsecondslaterIwasshotupviolentlyoutofthedrain,andontothebeach,rightbelowtheluxuriousMajesticHotel.Ilaythereforafewsecond,shaken,butunharmed.ThenIpickedmyselfup,walkeduptothehotelandtoldthemwhathadhappened.Ofcourse,atfirstitwashardtoconvincethemthatthisdirty,wetmiddle-agedmanwithahorriblesmellonhimwasinfactadignifieduniversityprofessor.Anyway,theyeventuallybelievedmeandallowedmetocleanmyselfinoneoftherooms.RecoveryMiraculously,Iwasuninjuredaftermy30-minutesride.Iamcurrentlyintheprocessofchargingthelocalcouncilwithfailingtowarnthepublicabouttheunmarkedmanhole.Meanwhile,thetownmayorhasblamed"unusuallystrongrainfall"forthesituation.36.Whydidthemanfallintotomanhole?A.Hewaswalkingtoofast. B.Hehaddrunktoomuchwine.C.Themanholewasuncovered. D.Theheavyrainblockedhisvision.37.Theunderlinedword"ordeal"probablymeans________.A.suffering B.spinning C.overflow D.offence38.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheman?A.Heblamedhismisfortuneontheunusuallyheavyrain.B.Hewasluckyenoughtogespottedbyahotelemployee.C.Hehadtoswimagainstthestrongcurrenttosurvive.D.Heisengagedinalegalcaseagainstthelocalauthorities.39.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthearticle?A.AFrenchman'sNightEncounter B.ARidedowntheDrainC.WatchoutforHiddenDangers D.DefendOne'sDignityinToughSituations【答案】36.C37.A38.D39.B【分析】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章講述了47歲的法國(guó)大學(xué)教授在晚上回家途中掉進(jìn)地面的檢修孔，在下水道里順?biāo)靼雮€(gè)小時(shí)的不幸遭遇?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“However,I'djustturnedthecornerintomystreetwhenallofasudden,"whoosh",Ifelldownanuncoveredmanhole.(然而，我剛拐進(jìn)我住的那條街，突然，“嗖”的一聲，我掉進(jìn)了一個(gè)沒有蓋的下水道)”可知，下水道的檢修孔沒有蓋上，所以他掉了下去。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段“Allofasudden,Icouldseealightattheendofthetunnel.(突然間，我在隧道盡頭看到了一線亮光)”、“AfewsecondslaterIwasshotupviolentlyoutofthedrain,andontothebeach,rightbelowtheluxuriousMajesticHotel.(幾秒鐘后，我從下水道里被猛烈地噴了出來，落到海灘上，就在豪華的Majestic酒店的正下方)”和“Ofcourse,atfirstitwashardtoconvincethemthatthisdirty,wetmiddle-agedmanwithahorriblesmellonhimwasinfactadignifieduniversityprofessor.(當(dāng)然，一開始很難讓他們相信，這個(gè)臟兮兮、濕漉漉、身上散發(fā)著難聞氣味的中年男子實(shí)際上是一位高貴的大學(xué)教授)”可知，本段描寫了他如何從下骯臟的下水道脫身，結(jié)束了可怕的下水道漂流，所以小標(biāo)題“TheEndoftheOrdeal”中的ordeal是指“在下水道漂流的痛苦”，suffering與其詞義相近，表示“痛苦”。故選A項(xiàng)。【38題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Iamcurrentlyintheprocessofchargingthelocalcouncilwithfailingtowarnthepublicabouttheunmarkedmanhole.(我現(xiàn)在正在起訴地方議會(huì)沒有提醒公眾注意未標(biāo)記的下水道)”可知，他正在起訴地方議會(huì)。故選D項(xiàng)。【39題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了47歲的法國(guó)大學(xué)教授在晚上回家途中掉進(jìn)地面的檢修孔，在下水道里順?biāo)靼雮€(gè)小時(shí)的不幸遭遇，故B項(xiàng)“ARidedowntheDrain(下水道漂流)”是最佳標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。(B)Wouldyouliketomakeourreaderssmile?Enterthisfunnystory-writingcompetitionandyoucouldseeyourstoryprintedinTheWeekJuniorandpublishedinaspecialdownloadablebook.Thingscanfeelquitestrangeandseriousatthemoment.Sometimesweallneedabreakfromrealitytoescapeintoastorythatmakesuslaughoutloud.That'swhereyoucomein.GuyBass(authorofStitchHeadandSkeletonKeys)wantyoutogivehimthegiggles.Usuallyit'sGuy'sjobtomakehisreaderslaugh,butnowhe'sturningthetablesashesearchersforthefunniestyoungwriterswhocangivehimAWRITELAUGH.He'slookingforninefunnystorieswrittenbychildrenagedfromfiveto13,topublishinaspecialbook.WhatyouwinTherearethreeagecategories:5-7years,8-10years,and11-13years.Therewillbeafirst,secondandthird-placedwinnerineachcategory.TheWeekJunior'seditorialteamwillbeselectingoneofthewinningstoriestopublishinthemagazine.Eachoftheninewinnerswillhavetheirstoryincludedinaspeciale-bookthatwillbeavailableonline.Alsoupforgrabsarestacksoffunnybooks,andayear'ssubscriptiontoTheWeekJuniormagazinefortheoverallwinner.HOWTOENTERStoriesshouldbenomorethan500wordslong.Theycanbeonanytopic,buttheymustmakethejudgeslaughoutloud.Askaparentorguardiantosendyourentrytoawritelaugh@littletigerco.ukDon'tforgettoincludeyournameandage.Beforeyouenterthecompetition,makesureyourparentorguardianhasreadthetermsandconditions.ThedosingdateforentriesismidnightonFriday31December.Notsurewheretostart?Guyhasaskedlotsofhisauthorfriendstosupplyhintsandtipstohelpgetyourcreativejuicesflowing.Visit/masterclasses/awritelaughtowatchvideofromGuyBass,LizPichon,A.F.Harrold,SwapnaHaddowandmanymore!*Team&Conditions:AWriteLaugh(the"Competition")isorganizedbytheLittleTigerGroup.Toviewthefulltermsandconditionsandrulesforentrypleasegotolittetiger.co.uk/a-write-laughPrivacy:Anypersonaldatarelatingtoentrantswillnotbedisclosedtothirdpartywithouttheindividual'spermission.Wewillonlyusetheinformationyouprovidetodetermineyouradmissibilityandtocontactyouinrelationtoyourentry.DatarelatingtoentrantswillbekeptbyLittleTigerGroupforareasonableperiodoftimeafterthecompetitioncloses,toassistLittleTigerGrouptooperatethecompetitioninasteadymannerandtodealwithanyinquiriesonthecompetition.40.Toenterthecompetition,theentrantsmust________.A.sendhis/herstorytoawritelaugh@littletiger.co.ukB.handinhis/herentryonFriday31DecemberC.useideasfrom/masterclasses/awritelaughD.writeashortfunnystoryonthetopicgivenbyGuyBass41.Whataretheprizesforthewinners?A.Allthefirst-placedwinners'storieswillbepublishedinTheWeekJunior.B.Thewinnerswillseetheirstoriesincludedinane-book.C.Thewinnerswillhavethechancetotalkwithfamousauthors.D.ThewinnerscansubscribetoTheWeekJunioratadiscount.42.Accordingtothetermsandconditions,________.A.personaldatawon'tbedisclosedunderanycircumstance.B.LittleTigerGroupownsthecopyrightonallthestoriesC.personaldatawillbeusedinrelationtothecompetitionD.LitterTigerGroupwillremovealldatarightafterthecompetition【答案】40.A41.B42.C【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了《少年周刊》雜志社準(zhǔn)備開展一次有趣的故事寫作征文比賽，文章對(duì)比賽的規(guī)則、要求、方式以及獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)等方面進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的說明?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章HOWTOENTER部分“Askaparentorguardiantosendyourentrytoawritelaugh@littletigerco.uk”（請(qǐng)家長(zhǎng)或監(jiān)護(hù)人將您的報(bào)名登記發(fā)送至awritelaugh@littletigerco.uk）可知為了參加比賽，參賽者必須將自己的故事發(fā)送至awritelaugh@littletiger.co.uk。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Whatyouwin部分“Eachoftheninewinnerswillhavetheirstoryincludedinaspeciale-bookthatwillbeavailableonline.“（九位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)咧械拿恳晃欢紝阉麄兊墓适聦戇M(jìn)一本特別的電子書中，這本書將在網(wǎng)上提供。）說明獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)邔⒃陔娮訒锌吹剿麄兊墓适?。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Privacy:Anypersonaldatarelatingtoentrantswillnotbedisclosedtothirdpartywithouttheindividual'spermission.Wewillonlyusetheinformationyouprovidetodetermineyouradmissibilityandtocontactyouinrelationtoyourentry.”（隱私：未經(jīng)個(gè)人許可，不得向第三方披露與參賽者有關(guān)的任何個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)。我們將僅使用您提供的信息來確定您是否可以參加，并就您的參加事宜與您聯(lián)系。）說明根據(jù)條款和條件，個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)將用于比賽。故選C項(xiàng)。(C)Youcantellalotaboutpeople'sgeneralstateofmindbasedontheirsocialmediafeeds.Aretheyalwaystweetingabouttheirbiggestannoyancesorpostingpicturesofparticularlycutekitties?Inasimilarfashion,researchersareturningtoTwitterforcluesabouttheoverallhappinessofentiregeographiccommunities.Whatthey'refindingisthatregionalvariationintheuseofcommonphrasesproducespredictionsthatdon'talwaysreflectthelocalstateofwellbeing.Butremovingfromtheiranalysesjustthreespecificterms—good,loveandLOL—greatlyimprovestheaccuracyofthemethods.“We'relivinginacrazyCOVID-19era.Andnowmorethanever,we'reusingsocialmediatoadapttoanewnormalandreachouttothefriendsandfamilythatwecan'tmeetface-to-face.”KokilJaidkastudiescomputationallinguisticsattheNationalUniversityofSingapore.“Butourwordsaren'tusefuljusttounderstandwhatwe,asindividuals,thinkandfeel.They'realsousefulcluesaboutthecommunitywelivein.”O(jiān)neofthesimplermethodsthatmanyscientistsusetoanalyzethedatainvolvescorrelatingwordswithpositiveornegativeemotions.Butwhenthoserecordsarecomparedwithphonesurveysthatassessregionalwell-being,Jaidkasays,theydon'tpaintanaccuratepictureofthelocalzeitgeist.Beingabletogetanaccuratereadonthemoodofthepopulationisnolaughingmatter.“That'sparticularlyimportantnowinthetimeofCOVID,wherewe'reexpectingamentalhealthcrisisandwe'realreadyseeinginsurveydatathelargestdecreaseinsubjectivewell-beingin10yearsatleast,ifnotever.”Tofindoutwhy,JaidkaandherteamanalyzedbillionsoftweetsfromaroundtheUnitedStates.AndtheyfoundthatamongthemostfrequentlyusedtermsonTwitterareLOL,loveandgood.Andtheyactuallythrowtheanalysisoff.Whythedisconnect?“Internetlanguageisreallyadifferentbeastthanregularspokenlanguage.We'veadaptedwordsfromtheEnglishvocabularytomeandifferentthingsindifferentsituations.”saysJaidka.“Take,forexample,LOL.I'vetweetedthewordLOLtoexpressirony,annoyanceandsometimesjustpuresurprise.WhenthemethodsformeasuringLOLasamarkerofhappinesswerecreatedinthe1990s,itstillmeantlaughingoutloud.”"Thereareplentyoftermsthatarelessmisleading,"saysJaidka."Ourmodelstellusthatwordslikeexcited,fun,great,opportunity,interesting,fantasticandthosearebetterwordsformeasuringsubjectivewell-being."43.Theresearchersturntosocialmediafeedsto________.A.helpwiththeanalysisofpeople'ssubjectivewell-beingB.locatethemost-frequentlyusedwordsC.provethedisconnectbetweenlanguageandemotionsD.makethepredictionmethodmoreeffective44.HowdidJaidkaknowtheanalysiswasn'taccurate?A.Itdidn'treflectthemoodoftheentiregeographiccommunityB.Itdidn'tmatchtheassessmentresultofthephonesurveys.C.Itdidn'tconsiderthefeaturesofInternetlanguage.D.Itdidn'ttaketheregionalvariationsintoaccount.45.WhichofthefollowingstatementswillJaidkamostprobablyagreewith?A.Face-to-facecommunicationisneededtoensurehappiness.B.Internetuseistoblameforthedecreaseinsubjectivewell-being.C.Internetlanguageshouldbeabandonedasasourceofscientificanalysis.D.Lessmisleadingwordsshouldbeusedinassessingsubjectivewell-being.【答案】43.A44.B45.D【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了，研究人員利用社交媒體來幫助分析人們的主觀幸福感，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用常用短語(yǔ)的地區(qū)差異所產(chǎn)生的預(yù)測(cè)并不總是反映當(dāng)?shù)氐男腋顟B(tài)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Inasimilarfashion,researchersareturningtoTwitterforcluesabouttheoverallhappinessofentiregeographiccommunities.(以類似的方式，研究人員正在Twitter上尋找關(guān)于整個(gè)地理社區(qū)總體幸福感的線索)”可知，研究人員利用社交媒體來幫助分析人們的主觀幸福感。故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Butwhenthoserecordsarecomparedwithphonesurveysthatassessregionalwell-being,Jaidkasays,theydon'tpaintanaccuratepictureofthelocalzeitgeist.(但當(dāng)這些記錄與評(píng)估地區(qū)福祉的電話調(diào)查相比較時(shí)，Jaidka說，它們并不能準(zhǔn)確描繪出當(dāng)?shù)氐臅r(shí)代精神)”可知，Jaidka知道分析不準(zhǔn)確是因?yàn)楹碗娫捳{(diào)查的評(píng)估結(jié)果不一致。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“"Thereareplentyoftermsthatarelessmisleading,"saysJaidka."Ourmodelstellusthatwordslikeexcited,fun,great,opportunity,interesting,fantasticandthosearebetterwordsformeasuringsubjectivewell-being."(“有很多術(shù)語(yǔ)不那么具有誤導(dǎo)性，”Jaidka說，“我們的模型告訴我們，像興奮、有趣、偉大、機(jī)會(huì)、有趣、美妙等詞是衡量主觀幸福感的更好的詞?！?”可知，Jaidka可能會(huì)認(rèn)同D選項(xiàng)“在評(píng)估主觀幸福感時(shí)，應(yīng)該少用誤導(dǎo)性的詞語(yǔ)”的說法。故選D。SectionCDirections:Readthepassageca