功能文體學(xué)視角下國(guó)際商務(wù)合同的翻譯研究

功能文體學(xué)視角下國(guó)際商務(wù)合同的翻譯研究摘要TheimplementationofChina'sreformandopening-uppolicyhascreatedaresourceadvantagefortheriseofexporttradeandprovidedagoodserviceplatformforinternationaltrade.Asalegallybindingdocument,internationalbusinesscontractsplayavitalroleintheresponsibilityandobligationsbetweenstandards.Inordertobetterpromotethecooperationbetweenthetwoparties,accurateandstandardizedtranslationofinternationallegalcontractshasbecomeanindispensablepart.MasteringthetranslationskillsofbusinesscontractshasfurtherimprovedourunderstandingofChineseandEnglishinthebusinessreceptionindustry,thusimprovingourmanagementcommunicationandEnglishinterpretationskills.Inordertobetterdisplaytheideasinthearticle.Thepaperismainlydividedintofivechapters:Thefirstchapterbrieflyintroducestheresearchenvironment,researchtasksandpaperframework;Thesecondchapterisabriefdescriptionofthebasicknowledge;Chapterthreestudiesthelexical,grammaticalandtextualfeaturesofinternationalbusinesscontracts.ThefourthchaptertakesthefunctionalstylisticsasthecarriertotranslateandanalyzetheactualexamplesintoChinesefromtheperspectiveofthestylisticactivitywords,lawsandregulationswordsandaparagraphintheancientcontract.ChapterVistheresult,summarizingtheresearchonbusinesscontracttranslation,thelimitationsoftheresearch,andthesuggestionsforfurtherresearch.關(guān)鍵詞：FunctionalStylisticPerspective;InternationalBusinessContract;TranslationIntroductionThischapterbrieflyintroducesthebackgroundandtargetmaterialstructureofthepaper.Thefirstsectiondiscussestheresearchenvironmentoffunctionalstylisticsandinternationalbusinesscontracts.Thesecondsectiondiscussesthepurposeofthethesis,andthethirdpartbrieflydescribesthestructureofthewholethesisinordertobetterdisplaytheideasofthegraduationthesis.ResearchbackgroundAtthisstage,functionalstylisticresearchinChinamainlyincludesthefollowingaspects:literaryresearch,tourismEnglishtranslation,etc.Atthelevelofliteraryresearch,LiZiguochun(2016)elaboratedthenovelcollection"TheGreatGatsby"underthepremiseoffunctionalstylistics,anddescribedthethemeofthenovelwithHalliday'smodel.MaoConghuiandFanYuanyuan(2018)elaboratedthetourismEnglishtranslationfromtheaspectsofconceptualfunction,socialfunctionandcontextualfunction,andproposedcorrespondingtranslationstrategies.However,theuseoffunctionalstylisticstostudybusinesscontractsisrelativelyrare,usuallyLiuYuanyuan(2017),whostudiesthestylisticcharacteristicsofbusinesscontractsthroughthepremiseoffunctionalstylistics.DaiGuiyu(2012)usedfunctionalstylistics,pragmatics,stylisticscognitivestylistics,criticalthinkingdiscourseanalysistoexplorethestylisticfeaturesandfunctionsofinternationalbusinessEnglish.Itmainlyshowstheapplicationoftechnicalterms,preciseandprecisetechnicalterms,ancientwordsandtheirsynonymsorrepeatedapplications.Themodernlogicresearchofbusinesscontractsmainlyincludesteleologyandthebasictheoryoffunctionalequivalence,namelyteleology.Forexample,ShiWangjuan(2018)proposedinthebusinesscontracttranslationstrategy.Itsbasictheoriesaremainlyembodiedin:persistinginobjectivereality,improvingtheaccuracyofbusinessEnglishtranslation,persistingintheprincipleofconsistency,ensuringthecommunicationandcommunicationofbusinessreception,persistinginthestandardofloyalty,andshowingcross-culturalcommunication.Takingthebasictheoryoffunctionalequalityasanexample,JinFangqi(2018)proposedItalsoexpoundstheexpressioncharacteristicsofbusinesscontractsandtheimportanceoffunctionalbasistheoryinlegalcontracttranslation.Inaword,functionalstylisticsismainlyusedtostudythestylisticcharacteristicsofcontracts,butinthetheoryoflegalcontracttranslation,theprobabilityoffunctionalliteratureisnotveryhigh.Inotherwords,fromtheperspectiveoffunction,thetranslationofbusinesscontractsisrelativelyrare.Sheputforwardthreesimplefunctionalbasictheoriesatthelevelofsocialfunction,andtookthecontractandChinesetranslationversionnumberastheresearchobjective.BecauseshefocusesonanalyzingthedifferencesbetweensuchChinesetranslationandcorrespondingtranslationstrategies.Inaddition,ZhuJianxiang(2014)proposedthetranslationprinciplesinthebusinesscontracttranslationstrategyfromtheperspectiveofstylistics,mainlyincludingthestylisticstandards,culturaladaptationstandardsandprocedurallanguagestandards.TheobjectivesofthethesisAlthoughmanyscholarshavestudiedthisfieldfromdifferentperspectives,andhavegivenmanytranslationtechniquestofollowtheprinciples.Thekeyofthisresearchistobuildontheperspectiveofwordsandmorphology.FewscholarshavetranslatedintoChinesefromthefunctionalperspectiveofinternationalcommercialcontracts.Therefore,thispaperattemptstomakeasystematicstudyofthestyleinthetranslationofinternationalbusinesscontractsfromtheperspectiveoffunctionalstyle.Accordingtothecharacteristicsoffunctionalstyleintermsoftranslation,especiallyintermsofwords,vocabularyandgrammar,analyzingbusinesscontractscanenhancetheunderstandingofbusinesscontracttranslationwithfunctionalstyle,andrelyonfunctionalstylisticstomakethetranslationofbusinesscontractsclearerandeasier.OrganizationofthethesisInordertofacilitatethepresentationoftheideasinthepaper,thepaperisdividedintofivechapters:Thefirstchapterbrieflyintroducestheresearchenvironment,researchtasksandtheframeworkofthepaper;Thesecondchapterisabriefintroductionofbasicknowledge;Thethirdchaptershouldbethestudyofthelexical,grammaticalandtextualfeaturesofinternationalbusinesscontracts.ChapterIVistotranslateandanalyzespecificexamplesintoChineseunderthepremiseoffunctionalstylistics,whichiscarriedoutfromtheperspectiveofancientcontracttext,lawsandregulations,andaparagraph.Thefifthchapteristheresult,whichsummarizesthecurrentsituation,limitationsandsuggestionsforfurtherstudyofbusinesscontracttranslation.TheoreticalOverviewInthispaper,therelevanttheoriesanddefinitionswillbeintroducedindetail,includingtheconceptofinternationalbusinesscontracts,andabriefintroductionandcommentsontheirfunctionalstylistics.Thiscanmaketherelevantbasictheoriesinthepaperclearer.DefinitionandFeaturesofInternationalCommercialContractsBecausethecontractislegallybinding,theinternationalcommercialcontractclearlystipulatestheresponsibilitiesandobligationstobeobservedbyeachother,andatthesametimegivesbothpartiesreasonableandlegalrightsandinterests.Article2oftheContractLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaclearlydefinesthecommercialservicecontract:"Acontractisanagreementbetweenthegeneralpartner,legalpersonorotherorganizationtoestablish,changeorterminatethecivillitigationrightsandobligationsrelationship".Thecommercialcontractcontainsconsensusclausesannouncedandestablishedinaccordancewiththelawtoconfirmtherespectiverightsandobligationsofthepartiesconcernedincarryingoutsomebusinessrelations.Suchprovisionsmustbeobservedtogetherthroughfairness."Thestatementofthemodelcontractmainlyhasthefollowingcharacteristics:first,useacomplexparagraphtomakethemeaningofthewordmoredetailed.Second,oftenusethestatement,becausethestatementcanbetterdefineandexpresstheresponsibilityandcontrolpowerbetweencommercialcontracts,topreventdifferences.Third,thepassivevoicefocusesontheapplicationofthepassivevoicencontract,becausethecontractcontentmustpreventpersonalthoughts,thepassivevoicecanbemoreobjectiveAndfairnessandjustice"(GaoKejin,2016:168-169)AnIntroductiontoFunctionalStylisticsFunctionalstylisticsisagenrethatappliessystematicfunctionallexicalanalysis."Functionalstyle"istheabbreviationof"systemicfunctionalstyle",referringtothegenreofappliedlinguisticsbasedonHalliday'ssystemicfunction.Hallidaydistinguishedthe"purefunction"or"metafunction"ofthreelanguages:Thefunctionofexpressingthespeaker'sworkexperience;Theinterpersonalfunctionofexpressingthespeaker'sstateofmind,evaluationandtherelationshipbetweenpersonasininterpersonalcommunication,andthetextualfunctionofitsinstitutionalstatements.Thesethreepurefunctionsareinterrelatedandformthesemanticlayerorthethreemainpartsofthe"developmentpotentialofpracticalmeaning"(LiuYuanyuan,2017:47-48)Thecoreideaoffunctionalstylisticsmainlyreferstotheconceptualfunction,interpersonalcommunicationfunctionandcontextualfunctionoflanguage,andwhatlanguageisabout.Itmainlydescribesthelogicalorderbetweenthingsandthedescriptionofparticipatorythings.Secondly,thekeyofsocialfunctionissummarizedassocialpracticalmeaning,whichusuallyreferstothefunctionoflanguageparticipation,explainingthespeaker'smentality,theharmtoothers'positionandtherolerelationshipbetweenspeakers.Thesentencefunctionmainlyreferstothefunctionrelatedtolanguage,thatis,tocompletethepracticalmeaningoflanguage,andtheoverallpracticalmeaningthatcanbeexpressedthroughallcontracts,thatis,thepotentialpracticalmeaningofthecontract."Theimportantusevalueoffunctionalstylisticsdependsonthefactthatitmainlypresentsspecificdefinitionsbymeansofformatandlanguage,andreflectsthepotentialnoveltyanduniquemeaning.Thisishowwecanobtaincorrespondingideasintheformat,andthenhighlightthefixedfunctionofthetext,andenablepeopletounderstanditsspecificvalueandmeaningwiththemainfeatureoflanguagestyle."(YangZhixin,2018:186-187).TheDevelopmentHistoryofFunctionalStylisticsThedevelopmentoffunctionalstylisticscanbedividedintothreestages,namely,1950s,1960sand1980s."Stylisticsbeganwiththeapplicationoflinguistictheoriesintheanalysisofliterarytextsinthe1950s.Ithasdevelopedintoabasicdisciplinebasedontheresearchofliteratureandlanguagescience"(Leech2008:1)."Functionalstylisticsisagenreofstylistics,whichcanbedividedintobroadandnarrowsenses.Inthebroadsense,functionalstylisticsisclearlydefinedasstylestylistics,whichreferstothegenreofstylisticanalysisbasedontheconceptoffunctionalrealism."ItgenerallyincludesthefunctionalstylistictheoryofWarsawschool,Halliday'ssoftwarefunctionalstylistictheoryandBakhtin'stheoryofliteraryandsportsactivities;Onasmallscale,functionalstylisticsistheabbreviationof"systemsoftwarefunctionalstylistics",referringtothescientificresearchofstylisticsfromthetheoreticalperspectiveofsystemsoftwarefunctionallinguistics(LiuShisheng,SongChengfang,2010:278-288)Sinceitwasclearlyputforwardinthe60thcenturyofthe20thcentury,functionalstylisticshasflourishedandisoneofthemostcompleteandpopularbranchesorfactionsinthedevelopmentofculturalandsportsactivities(Panama,2012).ShenDan(2000)summarizedtherapiddevelopmentofstylisticsinwesterncountriesattheturnofthecentury,andintroduceditsbackground,theoreticalcharacteristicsandapplicationoffunctionalstylisticsinthe20thcentury.WhenShen(2012)introducedthedomesticscientificresearchofwesternstylisticstooverseasindetail,healsosummarizedthedevelopmenttrendoffunctionalstylisticsinChinainthenewera.LiuShishengandSongChenfang(2010)systematicallyexpoundedthetheoreticalinsightsoffunctionalstylisticsanddiscussedthefuturedevelopmenttrendoffunctionalstylistics.Inthe1980s,withtheprevalenceofcriticallinguisticsandcriticaldiscourseanalysisintheresearchofstylisticscience,functionallinguisticsroseagain(Panama,2012).Withtheextensiveapplicationoffunctionallinguisticsinmultimodaldiscourseanalysisinstylisticresearch,functionalstylisticswillhaveahigherdevelopmenttrendinthenewera.Inaddition,functionallinguisticshasabroadandopentheoreticalframework(Martin&White2005:xii),whichnotonlyallowsfunctionallinguisticstoprovideasmanyspecialtoolsforstylisticanalysisaspossiblebyenrichingitstheoreticalframework,butalsoprovidesmoreoutletsforthecombinationoffunctionalstylisticsandotherstylisticschools.TheoreticalFeaturesofInternationalCommercialContractThischapterdiscussesthecharacteristicsofcommercialcontracttheoryfromtheperspectiveofvocabulary,grammarandcontext.Firstofall,fromtheperspectiveofvocabularycharacteristics,theEnglishlanguageofthecontractissimpleandclear.Secondly,fromtheperspectiveofgrammaticalcharacteristics,thecontracthasprecisestructure,valuablelogicalthinkingandstrongthinkinglogic.ThecontractEnglishismoreinclinedtousethedeclarationlanguagetoexpress,andisinastrictandestablishedform.ToachievetheoverallgoaloftranslatingcontractsintoChineseinanappropriateandclearway,itisnecessarytotrainandunderstandthedifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.OnlyinthiswaycanwereallymakecontinuousprogressingettingabetterversionnumberofChinesetranslationsandimproveourefficiencyinbusinesscontracttranslators.LexicalFeaturesofBusinessContractEnglishEnglishcommonlyusedinbusinesscontractsbelongstothelegallanguage,whichisdifferentfromtheeverydaywordsusedinotherfields."Therefore,itisindispensabletoreflecttheprecise,announcedandsolemnlanguagefeaturesofthecontract,andtheapplicationofrigorouswordsandancientsayingsisadistinctivelanguagephenomenonofthistypeofcontract"(LvYingli,LiuYichu,2018：92-94）.Thevocabularyshallmeettherequirementsofcontracttemplateconstructiononthepremiseofaccuracyandaccuracy.Fromtheperspectiveoffunctionalstylelearningandtraining,theEnglishcontractmodellanguagepaysmoreattentiontotheapplicationofmodewords,technicalwords,archaicwordsandcoordinatewords.""isthemostcommonEnglishwordintheEnglishcontractmodel.Secondly,Englishbusinesscontractsalsousealotoftechnicalprofessionallawsandregulationsandindustrialproductionvocabulary,whicheffectivelypreventsthedivergenceofcontractmodel.Third,therearemanywordswithalonghistoryincommercialcontracts.Thisvocabularyismainlycomposedofprepositionsorcompoundprepositions,suchas"here,there,where,here".InlearningEnglishbusinesscontracts,thereareparallelEnglishwords,suchas"and,or",whichwillhaveimportantusevalueinimprovingthepredictabilityofcontracts.Forexample,inthesentence"theworkshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththerelevantprovisionsofthecontract",theapplicationof"accordingto"ismorestrictandannouncedthan"accordingto".SyntacticFeaturesofBusinessContractEnglishThesentenceofbusinesscontractisdifferentfromotheruniqueEnglishbecauseithasuniquesyntacticcharacteristicsandrelativelystrictandregularsyntacticstructure.Statementstatementsaremainlyusedintheagreementtodescribetherealsituationandpromisetheresponsibilitiesandobligationsbetweeneachother.Thesyntacticideaistodeclarefriendship.Inordertomeettheneedsofbusinessnegotiation,theidentitytextofbusinessreceptionshowsgreatuniquenessinthegrammaticalstructure.Firstofall,therearemanystatementsaboutthechemicalprocessandthewholeprocessofspeechinthebusinesscontract,thatis,thestatementsinthebusinesscontractmainlydescribehowtodoandsay,andwhatrightshehasandwhatobligationsheshouldperform.Secondly,themorphologyofcommercialcontractscontainsmorerestrictiveelements,usuallyparticiplephrasesandprepositionalphrasesinthepast,andsomeenvironmentalelementsoftheirprocess,inordertobetterexpresstheconnotationofstandards,methods,timeandplace.Thiscaneffectivelyavoidmisunderstandingscausedbythecontract.Third,commercialcontractsusemanysentencepatterns,suchas"others,onepartymustdo",tofurtherdistinguishtheinterestsofallpartiesconcerned.Fourth,manypassivevoicesareusedincommercialcontracts,whichismoreconducivetoestablishingtherelevantobligationsbetweeneachotherandmakingthecontractclearer.Fifthly,fromtheperspectiveoffunctionalstylistics,businesscontractsusemoreexpressionsofnominalization,whichhelpstoachievesimplicity,accuracy,declarationandobjectiveprovisions.Atthesametime,inordertofurtherclarifytherightsandinterestsoftheparties,conditionalsentencesarefrequentlyusedinbusinesscontracts.InternationalbusinesscontractsshouldbesignedafterbothpartiesreachanagreementonrelevantobligationsEveryonehastherightandperformstheobligationsestablished,butthedrivingoftherightandtheperformanceoftheobligationsareattachedtosomerequirements.Therefore,conditionalsentencesaregenerallyapplicabletoalargenumberofcommercialcontracts.Itgenerallytakes"if,unless,inthecaseof..."asspecificguidance.,Itcanbedirectlytranslatedas"if..."TextualFeaturesofBusinessContractEnglishCommercialcontractsbelongtoelegantstyle,whichmakesthemhaveformalcharacteristics.Thetextcharacteristicsofcommercialcontractshavethreecharacteristics.Thefirstcharacteristicislogic.Thebasicstyleofacontractisoneofthemostessentialcharacteristicsoforganizationaltranslation,whichistheproceduralflow,provisionsandrequirements.Logicismainlymanifestedinlanguagestyle.Inordertoobtainthecoherenceandclarityoflanguageandwriting,therelevantclausesofbusinesscontractsareusuallysimilarinsentencecomposition,andthesecondismulti-polarization.Becausethecommercialcontractisthebasicwrittenformoflawsandregulationsforbothpartiestomaintaintheirrights,anditstermsarestipulatedtouseelegantlanguageorformalstyle.Thelanguagecanbechangedorchangedonlyaftermutualagreement.Itcannotbeusedatwill.Thethirdisprofessionalability.Commercialcontractsarehighlyandmoreprofessional,involvingfinancialindustry,commerceandtrade,customsdepartments,goods,commercialinsurance,warehousinglogistics,freightlogistics,inspectionandquarantine.Commercialcontractsarecomprehensiveinvariousfieldsofprofessionalknowledge."Therefore,thewholeprocessoftranslationisaprocessofacceptingandintegratingnewmarkets.Thoseessentialcharacteristicsofbusinesscontracttextdependonthestrictproceduralproceduresthatshouldbefollowedinthewholeprocessofbusinessreceptiontranslation"(GaoKejing,2016:168-169)TranslationofInternationalContractonFunctionalStylisticsThispaperwillintroduceandanalyzethepracticalexamplesofinternationalcommercialcontractsindetailtodeeplyunderstandthetranslationofcommercialcontracts.Thekeypointoftranslationanalysisishowtotranslatethearchaiclanguage,lawsandregulationsvocabularyandsentenceswithlongstructureinamoreflexibleandlogicalform.TheTranslationofArchaisminBusinessContractAncientGreekiswidelyusedinglobalbusinesscontractsItenhancestheauthorityandstyleofthevideo,andisconducivetotheaccuracyandrigorofthecontract.Inaddition,itcanalsoreflectthetraditionaltrendofthelanguageoflawsandregulationsandtheannouncement,seriousandrigidcontractcreation.Ancientwordsarerarelyusedinotherliteraryandculturalactivities.Theapplicationofarchaicwordsalsohelpstomaintaintheaccuracyofspecificcontentandpreventmisunderstandingbetweenthetwosides.Theoldsayingisapreposition,suchas"hereto,there,whereof,"andsoon.Inthetradingstyle,thefrequentuseofarchaiclanguageconstitutestheuniquelinguisticfeatureofEnglishbusinesscontracts.Ingeneral,theuseofsuchwordsandsentencesmakesthelanguageofthecontractsoundseriousandelegant.OldEnglishiscommonlyusedasfollows:1.Theprevioustext:theprevioustext.2.Inwhich:inwhich.3.Fromwhich:bywhich.ThisancientlanguageismainlyusedininternationalbusinessEnglishagreements.AlthoughyoucansearchthemeaningofthesewordsinmodernChinesegrammar,theyaredifficulttoapply.Therefore,whenwecarryouttranslation,weshouldcombinethesetwowordswiththesyntacticstructureandusethemtogetherintheprecedingandfollowingtexts.ItcanbeseenthatthewordswidelyusedincommercialcontractsaresomecompoundprepositionsinancientGreek.Forexample,thewordshereandtherehavebeencombinedwithoneormorepronounstoformcompoundprepositions,suchas(inthis),(inthefollowing),(init),(init),to(attached),etc.TheTranslationofLegalVocabularyinBusinessContractLegalEnglishistheexpressionusedtodrawupbusinesscontracts.Therefore,thetranslationoflegalEnglishisparticularlyimportantinallstudies.TheEnglishwordscommonlyusedinbusinessEnglishareveryprofessional,whichisinevitableinbusinesscontracts,becausebusinesscontractsinvolveallwalksoflifeinbusinessactivities.Commercialcontractsmainlyincludesalescontracts,rentalcontracts,processingandassemblyagreements,etc.,Itmainlycoversmanyindustrialfields,suchasimportandexporttradeandlaw,soitisnaturaltoapplytechnicalterms.Technicaltermsmustbemonomorphic,andhaveahighdegreeofambiguityandambiguity.Therefore,iftheexpressionofwordsisunchanged,itcannotbechangedatwill.Forexample,the"acceptance"inthebusinessreceptionistranslatedas"acceptance"andcannotbetranslatedas"acceptance".Inaddition,the"clause"inthecontractindicatespaymentorexpense,andthe"standard"indicatesotherconditions.However,"termsandconditions"shouldbetranslatedinto"provisions"."standardsandrequirements"refersto"agreement","forceandactualeffect"refersto"workdisciplinerequirements".Inaddition,commercialcontractshavelegaleffect.Thelanguageusedshouldnotonlyusecommercialserviceterms,butalsouselegalterms.Thewordsusedshouldreflecttheauthorityofthecontractandtheauthorityofthelaw.Inaddition,thewideuseoftermsisanimportantfeatureofthelanguageexpressionofinternationalbusinessEnglishcontracts,especiallycommercialandlegaltermsincontracts.Becausethecommercialcontractwasfirstusedasadocumentwithlegaleffect,itisnaturaltouserelevantlegaltermsandvocabularywhendraftingthecontract.Forexample,(because),beforenow(specifically),itisherebycertified(specifically).Atthesametime,thecommonwordswidelyusedinEnglishbusinesscontractshavebeenconvertedintofixedverbs.Fromthispointofview,thecontractinthisfieldisalegaldocument,suchaslimitation(timeliness),incorrect,incorrect(negligence),prosecution,prosecution(prosecution).Inaddition,thecommercialcontractsofcompaniesinvariousindustriesmayinvolveinterests,soTheindustrialtermsofnegotiabledocuments(negotiabledocuments),rustandbonesightletterofcredit(rustandbonesightletterofcredit),accountingobligations(confidentialityobligations),andfaultdetermination(transferredfaultobligations)mustbeapplied.Inaddition,theabbreviationoflegaltermsisverycommonintransactions.Forexample,CIF:cost,insuranceandtransportationexpenses(cost,insuranceandtransportationexpenses),CIP:deliveryandcommercialinsurancepaymentconsignee(freightpremiumpaidto),FOB:supplyonboard(supplyonboardattheportofshipment),CPT:deliverypaymentconsignee(freightpaidto).TheTranslationofLongSentenceinBusinessContractAsmentionedearlier,theapplicationofaparagraphinaglobalbusinesscontractisthemostcommonfeatureoftheformofannouncementliterature.Inordertoshowthisfeatureconveniently,thissectionalsoprovidestwoexamples.Example1:"ThecontractissignedbyPartyA(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA)andPartyB(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB)onJune26,2018inShantou,GuangdongProvince,China,onthebasisofequalityandmutualbenefit,throughcommunicationandnegotiation."(LuoTianhong,2019:59-60).TheChinesetranslationisasfollows:A(hereinafterreferredtoastheBidInviter)andB(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB)signedthecontractonJune26,2018inShantou,GuangdongProvince,China,adheringtothebasicprinciplesofequality,mutualbenefitandcommunicationandnegotiation.Inthisexample,thepreamblebrieflydescribesthepartiestothecontract,whichisusuallylocatedinthepreambleofthecontract.Therearemanysemicolonsinthesentence,whichmakesitdifficulttounderstandhowtheactorcanbetterandsystematicallytranslateChinese.InChinese,thesentenceorsentenceofthecurrenttimehasbeentranslatedfirstinChinese,andtheninChinese.InEnglish,onthecontrary,itputstimeinthesecondhalfofthesentence.Fromthisexample,wecanseethatChinesetranslationfollowsthebasicprincipleof"differentwordorderbetweenChineseandEnglish".Example2:"PartyBshallnotacquireorconsidertherighttousethetrademarkorcopyrightoranyotherownershipintheintellectualpropertyoritsderivative,rewrittenoraltered"(ZhaoMengying,2017:24).TheChinesetranslationversionnumberis:PartyBmaynotacquireorpossessthetrademark,copyrightandanyotherpropertyrightsintheintellectualpropertyrights,ortherighttoevolveandtransformthem.Inordertobetterunderstand,"they"canbecalled"ofthat",whichmeans"inthis".Intellectualpropertyrightsshouldbepartofintellectualpropertyrights,becauseintellectualpropertyrightsincludepatents,trademarkrights,copyrights,etc."Thereof"needstobeappliedinthetranslationofintellectualproperty.Accordingtothemeaningoftheoriginaltext,thetreatmentof"or"oftheoriginaltextgenerallyincludes"trademark","copyrig