中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)-提分特訓(xùn)精講-第二編-題型解法指導(dǎo)-專(zhuān)題五-閱讀理解(含任務(wù)型閱讀)材料市賽課公開(kāi)課

專(zhuān)題五

閱讀了解(含任務(wù)型閱讀)1/271.閱讀了解題主要考查考生綜合利用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)能力,包含閱讀能力、了解能力、歸納概括能力、邏輯推理能力以及對(duì)閱讀材料評(píng)定能力。試題中所選閱讀文章題材廣泛,包括政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)文化、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、歷史、地理、科技等各個(gè)方面。體裁多樣,包含記敘文、說(shuō)明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文以及新聞報(bào)道、廣告、通知、說(shuō)明等各種文體。2.中考對(duì)閱讀了解考查重點(diǎn):(1)依據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法推斷、了解生詞含義;(2)掌握段落中句與句之間邏輯關(guān)系;(3)歸納文章主題,了解故事情節(jié),預(yù)測(cè)故事情節(jié)發(fā)展和可能結(jié)局;(4)依據(jù)不一樣閱讀目標(biāo),利用簡(jiǎn)單閱讀策略獲取主要信息,按要求完成題目。3.考查主要方式:選擇型閱讀了解和任務(wù)型閱讀了解。2/274.在做此題時(shí),要注意以下幾個(gè)方面:(1)做好閱讀預(yù)測(cè)依據(jù)文章標(biāo)題(副標(biāo)題)、插圖以及相關(guān)背景知識(shí)和社會(huì)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn),對(duì)文章大致內(nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。然后閱讀文章第一段,并對(duì)自己預(yù)測(cè)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證、糾正,同時(shí)抓住主題句、關(guān)鍵詞,從而更加好地從整體上去了解和把握文章中心。(2)依據(jù)主題句定短文中心主題句通常置于段落開(kāi)頭,有時(shí)在段落末尾和中間,其它句子通慣用來(lái)說(shuō)明和闡述主題句。若把一個(gè)個(gè)主題句加以整理,就能悟出其中心思想,同時(shí)還能夠回避、排除個(gè)別生詞、難句(等困難信號(hào))所帶來(lái)干擾。但也有一些文章中心思想常貫通在全文中,因而要綜觀(guān)全文,對(duì)全文有一個(gè)透徹了解。(3)掌握詳細(xì)事實(shí)和主要細(xì)節(jié)閱讀文章時(shí),要培養(yǎng)識(shí)別和記憶詳細(xì)事實(shí)、主要細(xì)節(jié)習(xí)慣。3/27(4)利用構(gòu)詞法、語(yǔ)境線(xiàn)索等來(lái)推測(cè)關(guān)鍵詞義在閱讀文章過(guò)程中,經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到一些生詞,假如不知道這些詞義就會(huì)妨礙了解。但大部分生詞是能夠依據(jù)上下文,結(jié)合構(gòu)詞法,或借助文章中語(yǔ)境線(xiàn)索來(lái)幫助猜測(cè)詞義。這有利于考生加緊閱讀速度,提升閱讀了解能力。(5)改進(jìn)閱讀方式學(xué)會(huì)掃讀(scanning),快速瀏覽全文,經(jīng)過(guò)把握主題句領(lǐng)會(huì)文章大意,辨析文體,掌握篇章結(jié)構(gòu),進(jìn)而抓住文章中心。學(xué)會(huì)跳讀(skipping),在瀏覽全文基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行跳讀,以回答個(gè)別事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題。有些細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題不能直接在短文中找到答案,必須進(jìn)行必要綜合、歸納、轉(zhuǎn)換才能取得。這些細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題通常包括數(shù)據(jù)、時(shí)間、人稱(chēng)、代詞指代、動(dòng)作行為關(guān)聯(lián)、動(dòng)作行為者與承受者、地點(diǎn)和空間、表示方式、因果、條件、內(nèi)涵與外延等。4/27題型1題型2題型1選擇型閱讀了解典例1ManyfamilieswithchildrenspendtheirsummerholidaysinVineyard.OneofthepopularplacesforfamiliesistheFlyingHorsesCarousel(旋轉(zhuǎn)木馬).Theybuiltthecolorfulhorsesin1876.AndoneofthebestplacesforchildrentoswimatistheJosephbeach.ThewaterthereiswarmerandcalmerthanthatatsomeoftheotherVineyardbeaches.Peoplecanwalkthroughmorethanninekilometersoffields.Theycanlearnabouttheplantsandanimalsontheisland.Peoplecanalsositonthebeachtowatchthesunset.Asthesungoesdowninthesky,itpaintsyellow,red,andothercolorsontheclouds.5/27題型1題型2ManysummervisitorsalsotraveltoNantucket.It’sanotherislandnearMassachusetts.Visitorslikethisislandbecauseofitsbeaches,itsopenlandanditstrees.NantucketissmallerthanVineyard.ThenameoftheonlytownonNantucketIslandisalsoNantucket.Manyvisitorssaythemostinterestingpartofthetownistheareaofhomes.Theislandisfamousforitssmallgrayhouseswithroses(玫瑰)growingonthem.MostvisitorswhogotobothNantucketandVineyardenjoyalmosteverythingabouttheislands.Thecrowdsduringthewarmseasonleadto(造成)heavytrafficandlonglinesforservices.Yet,mostvisitorsreallyenjoytheirholidaysinVineyardandNantucket.6/27題型1題型2答案解析解析關(guān)閉細(xì)節(jié)了解題。由第一段第四、五句“AndoneofthebestplacesforchildrentoswimatistheJosephbeach.ThewaterthereiswarmerandcalmerthanthatatsomeoftheotherVineyardbeaches.”可知答案。答案解析關(guān)閉A1.WhydochildrenliketoswimattheJosephbeach?A.Becausethewaterthereiswarmerandcalmer.B.Becausetheirparentsliketoswimthere.C.Becausetheycanplaygamesthere.D.Becauserosesaregrowingonit.7/27題型1題型22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sunset”mean?A.打魚(yú)

B.彩虹C.日出 D.日落

答案解析解析關(guān)閉詞義猜測(cè)題。由下一句中”Asthesungoesdown...(當(dāng)太陽(yáng)落下去時(shí)候)”可知該詞義為“日落”。答案解析關(guān)閉D8/27題型1題型2答案解析解析關(guān)閉細(xì)節(jié)了解題。由第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Manyvisitorssaythemostinterestingpartofthetownistheareaofhomes.”可知答案。答案解析關(guān)閉B3.ThemostinterestingpartofthetownofNantucketis

.

A.theFlyingHorsesCarouselB.theareaofhomesC.thebeautifulrosesD.thebeautifulbeaches9/27題型1題型24.AretheretoomanyvisitorsinNantucketandVineyardinsummer?A.No,therearen’t. B.Yes,thereare.C.Wedon’tknow. D.Wehopeso.答案解析解析關(guān)閉推理判斷題。從最終一段倒數(shù)第二句可知,在溫暖季節(jié),擁擠人群造成交通堵塞并形成等候長(zhǎng)隊(duì),所以推斷在夏季游客很多。答案解析關(guān)閉B10/27題型1題型25.What’sthemainideaofthisarticle?A.Howtospendsummerholidays.B.Vineyardisagoodplacetovisit.C.Nantucketisfamousforitssmallgrayhouses.D.Thetwoislands—VineyardandNantucket.答案解析解析關(guān)閉主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文主要介紹了Vineyard和Nantucket這兩個(gè)適合夏天旅游島嶼。答案解析關(guān)閉D11/27題型1題型2

方法突破1.詞義猜測(cè)題:①依據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容猜測(cè)詞義。如:...most

of

us

agreed,however,Bill

dissented...大部分人同意,從however

一詞可推知dissent

意思為“不一樣意”。②依據(jù)背景知識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義。③依據(jù)文章中所舉例子猜測(cè)詞義。如:...The

Germans

are

very

hard-working.They

like

tidiness,especially

the

women,who

always

keep

their

homes

clean...A.整齊

B.平靜

C.時(shí)尚

D.隨意12/27題型1題型2做這個(gè)題目時(shí),要依據(jù)后文內(nèi)容來(lái)進(jìn)行推測(cè)。由后文especially

the

women,who

always

keep

their

homes

clean...“尤其是婦女,總是把家保持得很潔凈……”可推知:德國(guó)人喜歡是潔凈、整齊。所以選A項(xiàng)符合題意。④依據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義。⑤依據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義。13/27題型1題型22.細(xì)節(jié)了解題:①把握次序標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。②把握定位詞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。如例文中“...the

most

interesting

part

of

the

town...”是第3小題解題關(guān)鍵詞。③把握排除法標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。3.推理判斷題:①抓住關(guān)鍵信息進(jìn)行正向或逆向推理。如例文中“The

crowds

during

the

warm

season

lead

to(造成)heavy

traffic

and

long

lines

for

services.”是解答第4小題依據(jù),造成了交通堵塞和人們排起長(zhǎng)隊(duì)原因,是游人眾多。②整合全文信息進(jìn)行推斷。③利用語(yǔ)境褒貶性進(jìn)行信息推斷。14/27題型1題型24.主旨大意題:①重點(diǎn)閱讀語(yǔ)篇首尾和各段首尾,尋找主題句。②注意出現(xiàn)頻率較高詞語(yǔ),文章中關(guān)鍵詞經(jīng)常屢次出現(xiàn),它常蘊(yùn)含著文章中心思想。如例文中屢次出現(xiàn)Vineyard和Nantucket這兩個(gè)詞,且全文為之展開(kāi)描述。所以在第5小題中,D項(xiàng)就是例文中心。③概括性較強(qiáng)選項(xiàng)優(yōu)先,片面選項(xiàng)勿選。15/27題型1題型2The33-year-oldCannavarooncehelpedItalytogetitsfourthWorldCuptitle.Thistime,hecompetedwithtwostrikersZineZidaneandRinaldinho.Hefinallybeatthem.Alotofpeoplesaidthisawardshouldhavegonetoastriker.ButCannavarohasagainbeatenthisview.CannavarolearnedtoplayfootballinatownofNaples,Italy.Later,hebecameaballboyatthecity’sstadium.ThatwasbeforeheenteredtheSeriesAgameinhiscountry.16/27題型1題型2WhiletheItalianfootballclubswerecriticized(批評(píng))becauseofscandals(丑聞),hesetarolemodelbytryinghisbesttodowellineverymatch.Ithasencouragedotherplayersandgivenhopetothecountry’sfootballspirit.Cannavarostandsoutmostforhisleadership.AscaptainofItalyattheWorldCup,heknewhowtobringoutthecountry’sdefensivetradition.AlotoftopdefenderswereborninItaly.17/27題型1題型2答案解析解析關(guān)閉細(xì)節(jié)了解題。由短文第一段二、三句以及下文可知,有些人認(rèn)為球場(chǎng)上前鋒才能得到掌聲,不過(guò)FabioCannavaro證實(shí)這一觀(guān)點(diǎn)是錯(cuò),即每個(gè)人都能拿到最高獎(jiǎng)。故選D項(xiàng)。答案解析關(guān)閉D1.Whichofthefollowingideawillthewriteragree?A.Thestrikerswhomakethegoalsshouldwintheloudestapplause.B.Strikersaretheonlyheroesthatcangetthetopawards.C.OnlyforwardsandmidfielderscangetanawardliketheFIFAWorldPlayer.D.Thetopawardmaygotoanywonderfulplayer.18/27題型1題型2答案解析解析關(guān)閉細(xì)節(jié)了解題。由短文倒數(shù)第一、二段可知,C項(xiàng)正確。答案解析關(guān)閉C2.According

to

the

passage,which

of

the

following

is

TRUE?A.Cannavaro

appears

in

every

match

of

the

Italy.B.Cannavaro

beat

Zine

Zidane

and

Rinaldinho,and

that’s

why

he

won

the

Golden

Ball

Award.C.Cannavaro

contributes

a

lot

to

helping

his

country’s

team.D.Cannavaro

himself

thought

the

top

award

should

be

given

to

a

striker.19/27題型1題型2答案解析解析關(guān)閉推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第一段第一、二句可知,Cannavaro被選為隊(duì)長(zhǎng)是因?yàn)槠漕I(lǐng)導(dǎo)力,故選A項(xiàng)。答案解析關(guān)閉A3.Cannavaro

was

chosen

to

be

captain

of

Italy

because

of

.

A.his

leadership

B.his

nationalityC.his

spirit

D.his

role20/27題型1題型2答案解析解析關(guān)閉事件排序題。將選項(xiàng)定位到文中對(duì)應(yīng)位置,可知事件發(fā)生先后次序是c-a-d-b,故選B項(xiàng)。答案解析關(guān)閉B

4.Put

the

following

statements

into

the

right

order.a.Become

a

ball

boy

at

the

city’s

stadium.b.Win

the

FIFA

player

of

the

Year

award.c.Learn

to

play

football

in

a

town

of

Naples.d.Enter

the

Series

A

game

in

his

country.A.a-c-d-b

B.c-a-d-b

C.a-d-c-b

D.c-a-b-d21/27題型1題型2答案解析解析關(guān)閉標(biāo)題概括題。本文主要講述了作為后衛(wèi)FabioCannavaro取得了足球最高獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)及其成就。故選B項(xiàng)。答案解析關(guān)閉B5.Which

is

the

best

title

for

the

passage?A.The

FIFA

Player

of

the

Year

AwardB.Defender

Wins

Big

Football

AwardC.The

American

Footballer

Fabio

CannavaroD.Cannavaro

and

His

Team22/27題型1題型2題型2任務(wù)型閱讀了解典例2閱讀下面短文,依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成句子。Afewdaysago,Iraninto(撞上)astrangerashepassedby.Isaidsorrytohim,andhesaid,“Excusemetoo,Iwasn’tevenwatchingforyou.”Wewereverypolite,thisstrangerandI.Thenwewentonourwayaftersayinggoodbye.Laterinthekitchenathome,asIcookedourmeal,mydaughterBettywalkeduptome,veryquietly.WhenIturnedaround(轉(zhuǎn)身),Inearlyknockedherdown.“Getoutoftheway!”Ishoutedangrily.Sheranaway,crying.Thatnight,whenIlayinbed,myhusbandsaidtome,“YouweresorudetoBetty.Goandlookaroundonthekitchenfloor,andyou’llfindsomeflowersthere.Bettybroughtthoseforyou.Shepickedthemherself—pink,yellow,andyourfavoriteblue.”23/27題型1題型2WhenIheardthis,Ithoughtdeeply:Whilemeetingwithastranger,Iwascalmandpolite;butwithmydaughter,Iwasnotpatient(耐心).Ifeltsadandtearsbegantofall.IquietlywenttoBetty’sbed,“Wakeup,mydear,”Isaid,“Aretheseflowersyoupickedforme?”Shesmiled,“Ifoundthembythetree.Iknewyou’dlikethem,especiallytheblue.”Isaid,“IamsosorrythatItreated(對(duì)待)youthatwaytoday.”Andshewhispered(悄聲說(shuō)),“Mommy,that’sokay—Istillloveyouanyway.”Ikissedherandsaid,“IloveyoutooandIdolovetheflowers.”ThatdayBettygavemealessononhowtogetalongwitheachotherinthefamily.Ispentmuchtimeonworkbeforeanddidn’trealizehowimportantfamilylifewas.Idecidedtodobetterinthefuture.24/27題型1題型21.Thewriter

toastrangerwhensheranintohim.

2.WhenthewriternearlyknockedBettydown,she

ather.