2024屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀真題長難句解析89-90

一、長難句翻譯

89.ThisentailsreducingourdependenceontheNorthAmericanmarket,whoseprogramsrelate

toexperiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromourown.

90.TheyareamongthegrowingnumberofAmericanswho,drivenbyhigherlivingcostsanda

fallingeconomy,havetakenupvegetablegardeningforthefirsttime.

二、長難句翻譯解析

89.ThisentailsreducingourdependenceontheNorthAmericanmarket,whoseprogramsrelate

toexperiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromourown.

01斷句

該句的信號詞有：

①介詞短語②從句劃分/逗號劃分③從句劃分

所以斷句完成后如下：

Thisentailsreducingourdependence/ontheNorthAmericanmarket,/whoseprogramsrelate

toexperiencesandculturaltraditions/whicharedifferentfromourown.

02找主謂，定主從

第一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是Thisentails；第二個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是programsrelateto;

經(jīng)過分析，本句中有兩個從句：

Thisentailsreducingourdependence/ontheNorthAmericanmarket,/whoseprogramsrelate

toexperiencesandculturaltraditions/whicharedifferentfromourown.

03分析主句和從句

本句的主干是：Thisentailsreducingourindependence.

①這是本句的主句部分。主語是代詞This,謂語動詞是entails。后面的介詞短語［ontheNorth

Americanmarket］可以看做后置定語，修飾名詞dependence。這半句的意思是：這需要我們

減少對北美市場的依賴。

entail：v.使必要;需要

entaildoingsth需要做某事

eg:Thejourneywillentailchangingtrainstwice.

這趟旅程要轉(zhuǎn)兩次火車。

reduce:v.降低,減少，縮小n.reduction

eg:Smallbusinesseswillneedtoreducecostsinordertosurvive.

小企業(yè)要想生存必須剝削成本。

dependence:n.依賴，依靠

②出新的引導(dǎo)詞whose,在這句話中它引導(dǎo)的是非限定性定語從句，修飾前面的【North

Americanmarketlo從句的主語是programs,謂語是relateto。這半句的意思是：北美市場

的節(jié)目涉及經(jīng)歷和文化傳統(tǒng)。

program:計劃，方案；節(jié)目；安排

eg:What'syourfavouritetelevisionprogram?

你最喜歡的電視節(jié)目是什么？

relate:v.相聯(lián)系，有關(guān)聯(lián)。

eg:Thechargesoffraudrelatetoeventsthattookplaceovertenyearsago.

這些欺詐指控涉及十多年前發(fā)生的事件。

③又出現(xiàn)了新的引導(dǎo)詞which,which也是引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞experiencesand

culturaltraditionsowhich在從句中充當(dāng)主語，謂語動詞是are。這半句的意思是：（那些經(jīng)驗(yàn)

和傳統(tǒng)）與我們不同。

04參考譯文

這就要求我們減少對北美市場的依賴，他們涉及經(jīng)歷和文化傳統(tǒng)的節(jié)目與我們的大相徑庭。

90.TheyareamongthegrowingnumberofAmericanswho,drivenbyhigherlivingcostsanda

fallingeconomy,havetakenupvegetablegardeningforthefirsttime.

01斷句

該句的信號詞有：

①從句引導(dǎo)詞who②標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號逗號③標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號逗號④介詞短語

所以斷句完成后如下：

TheyareamongthegrowingnumberofAmericans/who,/drivenbyhigherlivingcostsanda

fallingeconomy,/havetakenupvegetablegardening/forthefirsttime.

02找主謂，定主從

第一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是Theyare；第二個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是whohavetakenup;

下面畫一下句子主要結(jié)構(gòu)和重點(diǎn)講解的成分：

Theyare/who,/drivenbyhigherlivingcostsanda

fallingeconomy,/havetakenupvegetablegardening/forthefirsttime.

03分析主句和從句

本句的主干是：TheyareamongthegrowingnumberofAmericans.

①這句話是本句的主干部分。主句的主語是They,謂語動詞是are。among的意思是“在…

當(dāng)中〃。后面的thegrowingnumberofAmericans,可以翻譯為〃越來越多的美國人〃。

②出現(xiàn)了從句引導(dǎo)詞who,仔細(xì)分析可以判斷，這是由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞

Americanso要注意一下后面的這個插入語的成分，[drivenbyhigherlivingcostsandafalling

economy],這一部分是過去分詞短語作原因狀語。意思是〃迫于生活成本的上升和經(jīng)濟(jì)的衰

退〃。再回到本句的定語從句，從句的謂語部分是賓語是

havetakenupovegetablegardeningo

后面的介詞短語是時間狀語。

重點(diǎn)詞匯講解：

livingcosts生活成本

fallingeconomy這里是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語前置修飾economy,表示“正在衰退的經(jīng)濟(jì)，下滑的

經(jīng)濟(jì)”。

takeup開始從事（新工作）；對某事物產(chǎn)生興趣;開始花時間從事某事；占據(jù)

eg:Rogertookpaintingupforawhile,butsoonlostinterest.

羅杰有段時間喜歡上了繪畫，但很快就又沒了興趣。

04參考譯文

越來越多的美國人迫于生活成本的上升和經(jīng)濟(jì)的衰退，首次開始經(jīng)營蔬菜園子，他們就在其

中。

三、長難句拓展

1.Mostofthefirst-generationstudents（59.1percent）wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederal

grantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthe

studentswithatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.

下列對該句的分析和理解中，正確的為O（多選）

A.withatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree為后置定語彳修飾thestudents

B.佩爾助學(xué)金是一項(xiàng)為有經(jīng)濟(jì)需要的本科生設(shè)立的聯(lián)邦補(bǔ)助

C.大多數(shù)第一代大學(xué)生都獲得了佩爾助學(xué)金的資助

D.父母中至少有一人獲得本科學(xué)歷的學(xué)生中只有少部分人獲得佩爾助學(xué)金的資助

正確答案：ABCD

1.小詞典

recipient[n'sipiant]n.接受者

PellGrants佩爾助學(xué)金

undergraduate[Anda'graed3U9t]n.本科生

2.本句是由連詞while連接的并列句，前后兩個分句構(gòu)成對比關(guān)系。分句一中插入afederal

grantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,作PellGrants的同位語；分句二中onlyfor8.6

percentofthestudentswith....作狀語，其中with短語作后置定語，修飾thestudentSo

3.參考譯文：大多數(shù)“第一代大學(xué)生”（59.1%）都獲得了佩爾助學(xué)金，一項(xiàng)為有經(jīng)濟(jì)需要的

本科生設(shè)立的聯(lián)邦補(bǔ)助金，然而對于那些父母中至少有一人獲得了本科學(xué)歷的學(xué)生而言，這

一比例僅為8.6%。

2.Withtheblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplacein

makingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it'snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedat

home.

下列對該句的分析和理解中，正確的為。（多選）

A.it是形式主語，真正的主語是womenaremorestressedathome

B.女性在家中壓力更大的原因之一是角色的模糊化

C.thatthehomefront...workingwomen解釋了造成女性在家中壓力更大的一個事實(shí)

D,相比較于在家庭大后方，職業(yè)女性在工作職場中更難作出自我調(diào)整

正確答案：ABC

L小詞典

blur[bl3⑺]V.（使）變得模糊不清；（使）難以區(qū)分

thehomefront家庭方面；（戰(zhàn)爭的）大后方

lagwellbehind遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于

2.本句是復(fù)合句。主句是it'snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome,其中it

是形式主語，真正的主語是其后面that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。另外，主句由and連接的2個原

因狀語修飾，其中，在第二個原因狀語中，thefact后接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，具體說明

“事實(shí)”的具體內(nèi)容，inmaking…為狀語,解釋“l(fā)agswellbehind”的具體方面。

3.參考譯文：由于角色的模糊化，以及職業(yè)女性在家庭大后方比在工作職場中更難作出自我

調(diào)整這一事實(shí)，女性在家中的壓力更大，這一點(diǎn)不足為奇。

Unit2MakingaDifference

UI:TheWellthatChangedtheWorld

Asasix-year-oldCanadianschoolboy,Ryanhadtrouble(believe)thewords

(speak)byhisteachermanypeoplein(develop)Africancountries

couldn'tgetenoughcleanwater.Helookedacrosstheclassroomatthedrinkingfountain.Itwas

veryclose~~onlytenstepsaway.So,Ryanaskedhimself,“WhydosomeAfricanchildrenhaveto

walktenkilometrestogetwatereveryday?Andwhyisthewaterdirtythatitmakesthem

sick?”YoungRyanthought,"'Lifeiseasyforme,hardforthosepeople.Whydon'tIhelp?”

Atfirst,hisplanwas（plan）moneytobuildasinglewellsomewhereinAfrica.He

cleanedwindowsanddidgardeningforhisfamilyandneighbours.Hesoonreachedhisfirsttarget

of$70,butwhenhegavethemoneytoacharity,he（tell）thatitactuallycost$2,000to

buildawell.Seventydollarswasonlyenoughforahandpump.Ryanunderstoodthatahand

pumpwouldn'thelpthechildren.theyneededwasawelldugneartheirhomes.

Twothousanddollarswasalotofmoney,Ryandidn'tgiveup.Hewasdeterminedto

helpotherchildrenhavecleanwater.Hestartedtoaskhelpfromhisclassmatesand

neighboursandpersuadedthemtodonatemoney.Atthesametime,afriendofRyan'smother

helped（瑞安的事為公眾所知了）.Afterseveralmonths,Ryanhadraisedthe

$2,000,withawellwasbuiltnearaprimaryschoolinUganda.Thechildrenattheschoolno

longerneededtowalkforhourstogetwater.Theyweregrateful____himandinvitedhimtovisit.

InUganda,Ryanatlastsawthefinishedwellwithhisowneyes.Butthatwasnotall.Healso

sawhundredsof（delight）studentshadturnedouttowelcomehim.Theysang

anddancedhappily.Someevenofferedhimfoodandgifts.AtfirstRyanwasnervous,butsoon

_____________________（他就感到一陣溫暖）.___________________________________________

（他真的改變了這些孩子的生活。）.（他突然笑了起來）.

Later,Ryan'sexperienceledhimtosetupafoundationtoencouragemorepeopletohelp.

Many（inspire）peoplegavehimtheirsupport.Ryan'sfoundationcontinuestoattract

supportfrommoreandmorepeople,theworkofbuildingmorewellscangoon.Today,

over800,000peoplein16countriesacrossAfricahavebenefitedfromthe（改變?nèi)?/p>

一生的禮物）ofclean,safewater.

Now,asanadult,Ryansaysthatthequestiontoaskisnot"Whydon'tIhelp?”,but"How

canIhelptoday?”.（這

份領(lǐng)悟，始于一個有勇氣和毅力實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想的六歲男孩那顆堅定不移的心。）

DIThePowerofGood

“TheBritishSchindler”：thelifeofNicholasWinton

ItisAugust1939,andagroupof（fright）children（board）atrainat

Prague?sWilsonStation.Their（傷心的）parentsdonotjointhem.Indeed,theyfear

theymayneverseetheirchildrenagain.Buttheyknowthattheirchildrenwilllive.Theseare

amongthe669children,mostofthemJewish,thatNicholasWintonwillgoontosave

deathatthehandsoftheNazis.

NicholasWintonwasbornon19May1909inLondon,toGerman-Jewishparents.The

familylatertookBritish（nation）.（一畢業(yè)），Wintonworkedinbanksin

GermanyandFrance.HereturnedtoBritainin1931,heworkedinbusiness.

December1938,afriendaskedWintontocometoPraguetoaidpeoplewere

escapingfromtheNazis.InPrague,Wintonsawpeople（生活在惡劣的環(huán)境中）

andliveswereindanger.Hedecidedtohelptransportchildrento（safe）inBritain.

Heestablishedanofficetokeeprecordsofthechildren,andthenreturnedtoBritaintofind

（臨時的）homesforthem.Heused（donate）fundsandhisownmoneytopay

the50poundsperchildtheBritishgovernmentrequired.ByAugust1939,Winton

(save)669children.

DuringWorldWarII,Winton(擔(dān)任)anofficerinBritain'sRoyalAirForce.Heleft

themilitaryin1954.Hethenworkedforinternationalcharitiesandforvariouscompanies.Forthe

mostpart,hedidnotmentionthechildrenhesaved,andhisactionssoon

___________________(淡出了人們的記憶).

Thatallchangedin1988whenhiswifeGretefounda(forget)journalathome.

Thejournalcontainedphotographsandnamesofthechildrenandaddressesofthefamiliesthat

tookthem.Shesentthejournaltoanewspaper,andthatyearWintonwasseenonthe

BritishtelevisionprogrammeThafsLife.Atonepoint,thehostaskedpeopleintheaudienceto

standupifNicholasWintonhadsavedtheirlives.AshockedWintonwatchedas

the(majorOofpeoplerosetotheirfeet.Theprogrammebroughthisactionstopublic

attention,andWintonbecamea(respect)figurearoundtheworld.

Later,Wintonreceivedvarioushonourshisachievement,(include)a

knighthoodin2003,andtheCzechgovemmenfshighesthonour,theOrderoftheWhiteLion,in

2014.

NicholasWintonpassedawayon1July2015,theageof106.AstheChinesesaying

goes,"Akind-heartedpersonlivesalong

3.TUYOUYOUAWARDEDNOBELPRIZE

Thisyear'sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou

(co-winner),whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,acrucialnewtreatmentfor

malaria.Artemisininhassavedhundredsofthousandsoflives,andhasledtoimprovedhealthfor

millionsofpeople.Over200millionpeoplearoundtheworldgetmalariaeachyear,andabout

600,000diefromit.Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andis

thoughttosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.

TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasbominNingbo,China,on30December

1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.Aftershegraduated,she

workedattheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicineinBeijing.In1967,theChinese

governmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentfor

malaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.Inthebeginning,TuYouyou

wenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.In1969,shebecame

theheadoftheprojectinBeijing,anddecidedtoreviewancientChinesemedicaltextstofind

traditionalbotanicaltreatmentsforthedisease.Herteamexaminedover2,000oldmedicaltexts,

andevaluated280,000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.Fromtheirresearch,theydiscovered

andtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefight

againstmalaria.

Onemedicaltextfromthefourthcenturysuggestedusingtheextractfromsweet

wormwoodtotreatafever.Tu'steamtestedacollectionofdriedwormwoodleavesbutfoundno

effect.Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreat

malaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.Theirprojectgotstuck.However,TuYouyouwouldnot

acknowledgedefeat.Sheanalysedthemedicaltextsagain,andbychance,shefoundonesentence

suggestingadifferentwaytotreatthewormwood.Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweet

wormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.Usingalowertemperaturetodrawoutthe

extract,shefoundasubstancethatworked.Afterfailingmorethan190times,theteamfinally

succeededin1971.TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineon

themselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,most

ofwhomrecovered.Thismedicine,whichwascalledartemisinin,soonbecameastandard

treatmentformalaria.

AccordingtoTuYouyou,thediscoveryofartemisininwasateameffort.Uponhearingthat

shehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine.Thereisateam

behindme,andallthepeopleofmycountry.Thissuccessprovesthegreatvalueoftraditional

Chinesemedicine.ItisindeedanhonourforChina9sscientificresearchandChinesemedicineto

bespreadaroundtheworld.^^

4.THEMANWHOCHANGEDOURUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEUNIVERSE

AlbertEinstein,whoisperhapsthegreatestscientistinmodernphysics,isoften

consideredoneofthesmartestmenwhoeverlived.Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld,

themostwell-knownbeingthegeneraltheoryofrelativityandthefamousformulaE=mc2.

Einsteinwasnotonlyagenius;hewasacourageousandkindfigurelovedbymanypeople.

ThisgentlegeniuswasbominGermanyon14March1879.Whenhewas16,hetriedto

enteruniversityinSwitzerland,butfailedduetohislowscoresinthegeneralpartoftheentrance

exam,despiteobtainingexceptionalscoresinmathsandphysics.Afterstudyingforanotheryear,

hemanagedtopasstheexam,enteringuniversityin1896andgraduatingin1900.

Aftertwoyearsoflookingforworkasateacher,EinsteintookajobasaclerkintheSwiss

patentoffice.Whileworkingthere,outofastrongpassionforknowledge,hecontinuedtostudy,

earningadoctorateinphysicsin1905.Thatsameyear,whichw