閱讀理解（段落大意題）方法與練習-2023年高考英語第二輪復習閱讀理解 解析版

2023年高考英語第二輪復習點對點刻意訓練

專題06閱讀理解（段落大意題）對策與訓練解析版

目錄內容

板塊一命題規(guī)律探究

板塊二高考真題引領

板塊三名校模擬演練

命題規(guī)律探究

解箸戟:洛太慈爸盛t鍵是抓住段落的主題句。一般而言，每個段落總有一

個中心，通常中心思想會在首句或尾句體現(xiàn)出來，這就是常說的段落主題句。總

體來說，采用歸納法的段落，細節(jié)表述在前，歸納概括在后，主題句在段尾；

采用演繹法的段落，先提出觀點，后舉例子，由一般到特殊，主題句出現(xiàn)在段

首，這種現(xiàn)象較多出現(xiàn)在說明文和議論文中；若作者采用“特殊—一般-＞特殊”

的方式，主題句可能出現(xiàn)在段落的中間。有時，作者沒有寫出明顯的主題句，考

生要學會根據(jù)段落的內容概括出主題句。

一、段落大意題設題方式

1.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

2.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusabout...?

3.Inthelastparagraph,theauthormainlytellsus.

4.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

5.Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsusthat.

二、正確選項的特征

1.通常不含細節(jié)信息的詞。

2.通常不含絕對意義的詞。

3.能概括全文或某段的全部內容；涵蓋性強，精確度強，恰當?shù)谋硪夥秶颓?/p>

感色彩。

三、干擾選項的特征

1.過于籠統(tǒng)，不知所云。所概括的內容超出原文的范圍。

2.以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的細節(jié)內容或個別詞語做出選項內容。

3.移花接木，偷換概念。選項中定語和狀語影響語意范圍，或者把屬于A的內

容放在B上。

4.主觀臆測，無中生有，選項中關鍵詞也在文中提及，但選項的實際含義與文

章主題無關。

四、段落大意題思維導圖

段首：說明文和議論文中的主題

首尾兼顧句常在段首

抓

段尾：先表述細節(jié)，后歸納概

住知段意

段括，段落主題句在段M

落段中間：先用一句或幾句話引出要表達的主

主題，再陳述主題?然后論述細行，即引出主題

題

一段落中心一再論述

句

沒有明顯段落主題句時,需慨括段落內容，

總結段落大意

高考真題引領

（2020全國I卷D篇，保留原題序號）

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.

Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,

discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswere

showntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B?Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

破題關鍵點

第一步讀文章，概括段意

本段通過列舉兩項科學研究來說明綠色植物對人類的好處。

第二步析選項，斟酌判斷

對不同植物的一項新研究。原文中提到對綠色植物的研究，但不以偏概全，

A

是該段的主旨。斷章取義

犯罪率大幅下降。用犯罪率下降來證明的是綠色植物的好處，故混以偏概全，

B

淆主次。斷章取義

來自不同工作場所的員工。以偏概全，

C

雖涉及到工作場所的員工，但是以偏概全，不是本段的主題。生搬硬套

綠色植物的好處。本段主旨就是列舉兩項科學研究來說明綠色植物涵蓋性強，

D

對人類的好處。該項是對本段內容的精煉總結和概括。覆蓋全段

第三步對比選項得出答案

自主解答：D

（2017全耳II卷C篇，保留原題序號）

（2017?全國卷∏,C篇節(jié)選）TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhas

completeditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithin

thenextyear.Thevehicle——namedtheTransition——hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfold

upsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslast

month,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.ltfliesusinga23-gallon

tankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.

B?Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

［解題思路］

第一步

thefirstparagraphmainlyabout

題干關鍵詞

第二步at1,400feetforeightminutes,70milesperhour,a23gallontank,35miles

原文關鍵詞pergallon

ThebasicdataoftheTransition.

A直接概括

（飛行汽車/Transition的基本數(shù)據(jù)。

Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

B飛行汽車的優(yōu)點。一,曲解文意

第三步比對

選項關鍵詞

Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

C飛行汽車的潛在市場。'無中生有

ThedesignersoftheTransition.

D以偏概全

飛行汽車的設計者。

自主解答：A

（2022新高考I卷D篇，保留原題序號）

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m”and"a”to

therareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.ButWhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthan

others?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonew

speechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld,slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalled

labiodentals,suchas"f'and??v,?weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofter

foods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,has

foundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（對

齊）,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupper

teeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure（結構），makingiteasiertoproducesuch

sounds.

Theteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagriculturein

theNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn,thavetodoas

muchworkandsodidn,tgrowtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundof

worldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof4tf,andiV,increasingremarkablyduring

thelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmany

hunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhen

humanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnot

necessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyof

speechsoundsthatWefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiological

changeandculturalevolution,,,saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi,sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.

B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.

D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.C

【導語】本篇是一篇說明文。主要介紹因為飲食的改變導致了現(xiàn)在在世界上一半的語言中

發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的語音。

w

32.Do細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharles

Hockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f"andHVM,weremore

commoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateamofresearchersledby

DamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrend

arose.（30多年前，學者CharleSHOCkett注意到，被稱為唇齒音的語音，如“f”和“v”,

在吃軟食物的社會的語言中更常見?，F(xiàn)在，瑞士蘇黎世大學的DamianBIaSi領導的一組研

究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一趨勢產生的方式和原因可知DamianBlasi的研究重點是在語言的演

變上。故選D。

33.Co細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的wTheydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteeth

ofancienthumanadultswerealigned,makingithardtoproducelabiodentalsywhichare

formedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbite

structure,makingiteasiertoproducesuchSOiIIIdS.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，古人類的上門牙和下門牙是

對齊的，因此很難產生唇齒音，唇齒音是通過下唇接觸上牙齒而形成的。后來，我們的下

顆變成了覆蓋咬合結構，更容易發(fā)出這樣的聲音）”可知，因為古代成年人的下顆結構使他

們很難發(fā)出唇齒音。故選C。

34.Ao主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中的"Analysesofalaiigiiagedatabasealsoconfirmedthat

therewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withthe

useof"f"andαvwincreasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesounds

arestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.（對語言數(shù)據(jù)庫的

分析也證實，在新石器時代之后，世界語言的發(fā)音發(fā)生了全球性的變化，在過去幾千年里，

“f”和“v”的使用顯著增加。這些聲音在今天許多狩獵采集者的語言中仍然沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)）”

可知，第五段主要是通過列明數(shù)據(jù)分析結果來進一步證明研究結果。故選A。

35.Co推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“"Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnot

necessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehuge

varietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthings

likebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,wsaidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearch

team.（研究小組成員SteVenMOran說：“自從人類出現(xiàn)以來，我們使用的語音不一定保持

穩(wěn)定，我們今天發(fā)現(xiàn)的各種語音都是生物變化和文化進化等復雜相互作用的產物?號”可知，

StevenMoran認為語音是一個復雜的動態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選Co

（2022全國甲卷D篇，保留原題序號）

Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecity

discovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortof

there—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthat

makesthecity.

AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.I

spentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshut

downtheengine,andWewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.

'Tllmisstheseoldboats,“hesaidasweparted.

“Howdoyoumean?”Iasked.

“Oh,they,rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey,renotsoelegant,

andthey,renotfuntopilot.Butthat,sprogress,Iguess.”

EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords（口號），and

traditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity,sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinits

rushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinest

buildings.44Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,,,shesaid.t?Wecan,tseemtomakeupourminds

whetherwewantamodemcityoratraditionalone.Ifsaconflictthatwearen,tgettinganybetterat

resolving（解決）.”

Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.Iconsideredthis

whenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.uManypeoplesaythatwelackculture

inthiscountry,,,hetoldme.??WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,

brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We,ve

gotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It,sa

prettyhardcombinationtobeat.”

Heisright,butIcan,thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Sydney,sstrikingarchitecture.

B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.

C.ThekeytoSydney,sdevelopment.

D.Sydney,stouristattractionsinthe1960s.

33.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?

A.Hegoestoworkbyboat.

B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.

C.Hepilotscatamaranswell.

D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.

34.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?

A.Itislosingitstraditions.

B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.

C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.

D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.

35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.

B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.

C.modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.

D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.

32-35DDAA

【解題導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過作者和悉尼人士的交流介紹了悉尼發(fā)展中

面臨的問題。

32.C。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedin

Sydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.（20世紀60年代初，澳大利亞悉尼發(fā)生了

一件大事。這座城市發(fā)現(xiàn)了它的港口）”以及“Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.（但是是

港口造就了城市）”可知，本段主要介紹了悉尼發(fā)展的關鍵是港口。故選C。

33.Do細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilot

Sydneyferryboatsforaliving.（30歲出頭的AndrewReynolds是個快樂的小伙子,他在悉尼

擔任渡輪領航員為生）“、第三段"'Hmisstheseoldboats.（我會想念這些舊船的）”以及第五段

wCatamaransarefaster,butthey,renotsoelegant,andthey,renotfuntopilot.（雙體船更快,

但它們不那么優(yōu)雅，駕駛起來也不有趣）”可知，渡輪領航員AndrewReynolds喜歡老式渡

船。故選D。

,

34.Ao推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“ShirleyFitzgerald,thecitysofficialhistorian,toldme

thatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,including

manyofitsfinestbuildings.（悉尼的官方歷史學家ShirleyFitzgerald告訴我，在20世紀70

年代奔向現(xiàn)代化的過程中，悉尼把很多它的過去都拋在了一邊，包括許多最漂亮的建筑）”

可推知，ShirleyFitZgerakl認為悉尼匆忙奔向現(xiàn)代化，正在失去它的傳統(tǒng)。故選A。

35.A推理判斷題根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第一句...beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasits

attractions.可知，作者認為一個城市新舊并存是非常有魅力的。根據(jù)下文中Anthony的觀

點...afoundationbuiltonancientcultureswithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.

和最后一段Heisright...可知，Anthony認為澳大利亞是一個建立在古老文化基礎上并同

時充滿活力的年輕國家，作者認同其觀點。

名校模擬演練

（爹023秋?安徽滁州?高三?？计谀〢researchteamledbyDelPozoCruzfromthe

UniversityofSouthernDenmark,recentlypublishedastudythatfoundwalking10,000stepsaday

loweredtheriskfordementiaby50%.

However,ifwalkingoccuιτedatabriskpaceof112stepsaminutefor30minutes,it

maximizedriskreduction,leadingtoa62%reductionindementiarisk.The30minutesof

fast-pacedwalkingdidn,thavetooccurallatonce-itcouldbespreadoutovertheday."Our

takeisthatintensityofsteppingmatters—overandabovevolume,,,saidCruz.

Thenewstudyfollowed78,500peoplebetweentheagesof40and79fromEngland,

ScotlandandWaleswhoworewriststepcountersfor24hoursadayoverasevendaystretch.

Aftercountingeachperson,stotalnumberofstepseachday,researchersplacedthemintotwo

categories:Fewerthan40stepsperminute,whichismorelikewhenyou,rewalkingfromroom

toroom-andmorethan40stepsperminute,orso-called“purposeful”walking.Athirdcategory

wascreatedforpeakperformers-hosewhotookthemoststepsperminutewithin30minutes

overthecourseofaday.

Aboutsevenyearslater,researcherscomparedthatdatatomedicalrecordsandfoundpeople

whotookthemoststepsperminuteshowedthebiggestreductioninriskforcancer,heartdisease

andearlydeathfromanycause.

Researchersfoundtheassociationbetweenpeak30-minutestepsandriskreductiontobe

dependentonthediseasestudied:Therewasa62%reductionfordementia,an80%declinefor

cardiovasculardiseaseanddeath,andabouta20%dropinriskforcancer.

What,sthetakeaway?Youdon,thavetofixateonthenumbersofsteps.??Spend30minutes

beingbreathlessatwhateverpaceyou,reat,andthenkeepchallengingyourselftobeslightly

unsatisfiedatyourcurrentlevelsoyoucangetbetterandbetter,“saidDr.AndrewFreeman.

I.Whichaspectofwalkingdoesthestudyfocuson?

A.Itstime.B.Itspace.C.Itslength.D.Itspopularity.

2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesubjectsinthethirdcategory?

A.Theyaretheoldest.B.TheyarefromWales.

C.Theywalkthequickest.D.Theywalkwithoutstepcounters.

3.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytellusaboutthestudy?

A.Itsfindings.B.Itsprocedures.

C.Itsmedicalapplication.D.Itstheoreticalsignificance.

4.WhatdoesFreemansuggestwalkersdo?

A.Counttheirstepsasexactlyaspossible.B.Sparethemselves30minuteseveryday.

C.Aimalittlehigherthantheirpresentlevel.D.Setaspecificgoalforthemselveseach

day.

【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.C

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)如果以每分鐘112步的快走速度行走

30分鐘，則可最大限度地降低風險，使癡呆風險降低62%。介紹了研究開展的過程以及結

果。

1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“However,ifwalkingoccurredatabriskpaceofl12stepsa

minutefor30minutes,itmaximizedriskreduction,leadingtoa62%reductionindementia

risk.The30minutesoffast-pacedwalkingdidn,thavetooccurallatonce—itcouldbe

spreadoutovertheday.uOurtakeisthatintensityofsteppingmatters—overandabove

volume,wsaidCnIZ.（然而，如果以每分鐘112步的快走速度行走30分鐘，則可最大限度地

降低風險，使癡呆風險降低62%o30分鐘的快節(jié)奏步行不必一次完成，可以分散到一天中。

克魯茲說：“我們認為，步伐的強度比音量更重要）”可知，這項研究關注的是步行速度。故

選B。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Athirdcategorywascreatedforpeakperformers—hosewho

tookthemoststepsperminutewithin30minutesoverthecourseofaday.（第三類是為表現(xiàn)

最好的人設計的——在一天中30分鐘內每分鐘走的步數(shù)最多的人）”可知，第三類人走路最

快。故選C

3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“Researchersfoundtheassociationbetweenpeak30-minutesteps

andriskreductiontobedependentonthediseasestudied:Therewasa62%reductionfor

dementia,an80%declineforcardiovasculardiseaseanddeath,andabouta20%dropin

riskforCanCer.（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，30分鐘的步數(shù)峰值與風險降低之間的關聯(lián)取決于所研究的

疾病：癡呆風險降低62%,心血管疾病和死亡風險降低80%,癌癥風險降低約20%）”可知，

第5段主要告訴我們研究結果。故選A。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“What'sthetakeaway?Youdon,thavetofixateonthe

numbersofsteps.fc6Spend30minutesbeingbreathlessatwhateverpaceyou,reat,andthen

keepchallengingyourselftobeslightlyunsatisfiedatyourcurrentlevelsoyoucangetbetter

andbetter/9saidDr.AndrewFreemalι.（有什么好處？你不必拘泥于步數(shù)。安德魯?弗里曼博

士說:“花30分鐘讓自己以任何速度喘不過氣來，然后不斷挑戰(zhàn)自己，讓自己對目前的水平

略感不滿，這樣你就可以變得越來越好。可知，弗里曼建議步行者的目標比他們現(xiàn)在的

水平高一點。故選C。

（2023秋?福建龍巖?高三校聯(lián)考期末）It'sallrighttocry.Really.Althoughit,softenseen

asasignofweakness,cryingcanbejustwhatthedoctororderedforsortingthroughChaotiC（混舌L

的）emotionsandcheeringup.

Ourgeneraldisapprovalofemotionalexpressionandcryingspecificallystemsfrom

childhood,saidStephenSideroff,anassistantprofessor.Askids,we,reoftentaughttorestrain（抑

?∣J）ouremotions.Maybeyourememberbeingteasedinelementaryschoolforcryingwhenyou

werehurt.Manyofuslearnedtherewerefeelings,suchasangerorresentment,thatweshouldn,t

haveorexpress.Aschildrengrowintoadulthood,WegraduallyIeamtoregulateourfeelings.So

what,youmightsay?Whocares?Butwedon,tholdemotionsinonlyourheads,Sideroffsaid.We

storetheminourbodies,too.

Holdingbackyourfeelingscanhurt."Thesefeelingshaveenergy,,,Sideroffexplained.??You

（then）havetorestrainthemindifferentways."Thatinterfereswithnaturalprocessesandcreates

imbalancessincethebody,sneedisstillthere.Ifyou,resadorhurtorangry,youneedtofind

somethingtoresolvethatimbalance.Ifyoudon,t,youmightexpressthoseimbalancedfeelingsin

inappropriateways—likelashingoutat（猛架」抨擊）yourfamilyorfriends.Emotionalrestraintcan

limitourabilitytoexperiencepositivefeelings,suchasjoyandlove,aswell.

Generally,thethreetypesoftearsincludeemotionaltears,whichresultfromstrongfeelings

suchasjoyorsadness.BasaltearsIUbriCate（潤滑）youreyes.Reflextearsreleasewhendustor

onionoxidesannoyyoureyes.Humansaretheonlyanimalswhocryintoadulthoodandhave

emotionaltears.

Peopleoftenreportfeelingbetteraftertheycry.Thatcouldbebecausecryingforcesustopay

attentiontowhattriggered（觸發(fā)）usandworkthroughouremotionsandthoughts.Cryingmight

alsohelpinunderstandingwhat,simportanttous,especiallyifwecryoversomethingthatupsets

usunexpectedly.

5.WhichofthefollowingisStephen,sidea?

A.Emotionsarecreatedbythechaos.

B.Emotionsarestoredonlyinourheads.

C.Emotionalrestraintoriginatesfromchildhood.

D.Emotionalrestraintdevelopspositivefeelings.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resentment“inParagraph2referto?

A.Joy.B.Bitterness.C.Satisfaction.D.Disappointment.

7.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thecharacteristicsofcrying.B.Thefunctionsoftears.

C.Theclassificationoftears.D.Theresultsofcrying.

8.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeofcrying?

A.It,sdoubtful.B.It,sunexpected.

C.It,sdiscouraging.D.It,sbeneficial.

【答案】5.C6.7.C8.D

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述抑制情緒的表達有一定的危害，將情緒表達出來，

如哭泣是有好處的。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句"OiIrgeneraldisapprovalofemotionalexpressionand

cryingspecificallystemsfromchildhood,saidStephenSideroff,anassistantPrOfeSsor.（助理

教授StephenSideroff說,我們普遍的反對情緒化的表達和哭泣,這是從童年時期就開始的）”

可知，StePheIISiderOff認為情緒抑制源于童年。故選C。

6.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句"Manyofuslearnedtherewerefeelings,suchasangeror

resentment,thatweshouldn'thaveorexpress.（我們中的許多人都知道，有些情緒，例如憤

怒或怨恨，我們不應該擁有或表達）”中的“ange/可推知，劃線詞所表達的意思應與“憤怒”

為同類詞，表達一種不滿，因而選項B.Bitterness“憤恨”符合題意。故選B。

7.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段前三句"Generally,thethreetypesoftearsincludeemotional

tears9whichresultfromstrongfeelingssuchasjoyorsadness.BasaltearsIUbriCate（潤

滑）youreyes.Reflextearsreleasewhendustoronionoxidesannoyyoureyes.（一般來說，這

三種類型的眼淚包括情緒性的眼淚，這些眼淚是由強烈的情緒如喜悅或悲傷引起的。基礎

眼淚潤滑你的眼睛。當灰塵或洋蔥氧化物侵擾你的眼睛時，反射性眼淚會釋放出來）”可知，

這里將眼淚分成了三種類型，因此本段主要講了眼淚的分類。故選C。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句"Peopleoftenreportfeelingbetteraftertheycry.（人們

通常在哭泣后感覺更好）”及最后一句“Cryingmightalsohelpinunderstandingwhafs

importanttous9especiallyifwecryoversomethingthatupsetsusIIIIeXPeCtedly?（哭也可能有

助于理解什么對我們來說是重要的，特別是當我們?yōu)橐恍┮馔獾氖虑槎奁鼤r）”可知，這都

是哭泣帶來的好處，所以作者認為哭泣是有好處的。故選D。

（2023秋?內蒙古阿拉善盟?高三阿拉善盟第一中學?？计谀〩umanshavelongbeen

tryingtomakesenseofourplaceintheuniverse.WaitingatalaunchsiteinFrenchGuiana?

NASA,sJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeisthelateststepforwardinthatancientquest（探索）.

Usingtelescopes,astronomershaveseenmanygalaxies（星系）suchastheAndromeda

GalaxyandtheNGC3227Galaxy.Sofar,themostdistantgalaxyeverdiscovered,GN-zl!,was

spottedbytheHubbleSpaceTelescope.Totheuntrainedeye,itlookslikearedblob（小點點），but

it,sbasicallylikelookingbackintimeabout13.4billionyearsago.That,sjustabout0.4billion

yearsaftertheBigBang.

“Hubbleislimitedinhowfarbackintimeitcanlook,sofindingthisonewasjustalucky

break,,,saysMarusaBradac,anastronomerattheUniversityofCalifornia.??Astronomersonly

spotteditbecausedecadesofusingHubblehaveletthemcovermuchofthesky,andthis

particularearlygalaxyissurprisinglybrightalthoughitis25timessmallerthantheMilkyWay

Galaxyandhasjustonepercentofitsmass.”

Already,withthatonegalaxy,we,vestartedtoquestionsomeofourassumptionsabouthow

galaxiesgrow.Thepowerful,$10billionJamesWebbSpaceTelescopehastechnologythatshould

letitseebackto0.1~0.2billionyearsaftertheBigBang,theperiodwhentheveryfirstgalaxies

possiblyformed.

“Ifallgowell,theJamesWebbSpaceTelescopewillhelpustobuildupthestoryofhowthe

firstgalaxieseverformedandhowtheygrewintogalaxiesweseetodayandWeliveintoday,,,

saysBradac.??Butthechancesofseeingthosefirstbomstarswiththenewtelescopearesmall.

There,smaybeevenmoreofachancethatwemightseesomeofthosestarsexplode.Such

informationcanhelpusunderstandhowgalaxiesformedandchangedintothefamiliarshapesand

structuresseentoday.That,swhat,samazingaboutthenewtelescope.^^

9.WhendidtheBigBangtakeplace?

A.Around13.0billionyearsago.

B.Around13.4billionyearsago.

C.Around13.6billionyearsago.

D.Around13.8billionyearsago.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“thisOne''inparagraph3referto?

A.TheMilkyWayGalaxy.B.TheGN-zl1Galaxy.

C.TheAndromedaGalaxy.D.TheNGC3227Galaxy.

11.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thegreatpotentialofthenewtelescope.

B.Theneedfornewscientificbreakthroughs.

C.ThecostoftheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.

D.TheimportanceoftheHubbleSpaceTelescope.

12.WhatcanthenewtelescopemostlikelyhelpscientistsdoaccordingtoBradac?

A.Findthefirstbornstarintheuniverse.

B.WitnesstheoccuningoftheBigBang.

C.Seetheexplosionofsomeofthefirstbomstars.

D.Getacompleteunderstandingoftheuniverse.

【答案】9.D10.B11.A12.C

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了NASA正準備發(fā)射的韋伯天文望遠鏡。

9.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Totheuntrainedeye,itlookslikearedblob（小點點），butit,s

basicallylikelookingbackintimeabout13.4billionyearsago.Thafsjustabout0.4billion

yearsaftertheBigBang.（對于未經訓練的人來說，它看起來像一個紅色的斑點，但基本上就

像是在134億年前的時光中回顧。那是在大爆炸后大約4億年）”可知，大爆炸發(fā)生的時間距

現(xiàn)在大約4+134=138億年，即大爆炸大約發(fā)生在138億年前。故選D項。

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