非謂語動詞之過去分詞課件高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題

非謂語動詞高考復(fù)習(xí)專題Part2過去分詞

??一、過去分詞定義1.定義非謂語動詞的一種，也叫-ed分詞。用法:①可以和have/has/had構(gòu)成完成時:have/has/haddone，此時是謂語，表示已完成Bytheendof14,Tomhaslearnedadvancedmathematicsallbyhimself.②可以和be動詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)：bedone，此時是謂語，表示被動Don’tworry.Thechildrenarewelllookedafter.③非謂語，在句中常做表語、定語、補語、狀語??二、過去分詞變化規(guī)則2.過去分詞的規(guī)則變化（同過去式）①【直】一般情況下，直接+-edhelp-helped-helpedlook-looked-lookedwork-worked-worked②【去】以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e+-edlike-liked-likedlive-lived-lived③【雙】重讀閉音節(jié)‘輔元輔’結(jié)尾，雙寫尾字母再加-edplan-planned-plannedstop-stopped-stoppednod-nodded-nodded④【改】以輔音加y結(jié)尾，改y為i，再加-edstudy-studied-studiedtry-tried-tried注：動詞過去式和動詞不規(guī)則變化需要另外記憶??二、過去分詞變化規(guī)則3.常見部分動詞過去式和過去分詞的不規(guī)則變化漢義原形過去式過去分詞讓letletlet放putputput切割cutcutcut跑runranrun來comecamecome成為becomebecamebecomeAAA型ABA型??二、過去分詞變化規(guī)則3.常見部分動詞過去式和過去分詞的不規(guī)則變化漢義原形過去式過去分詞認(rèn)為，思考thinkthoughtthought帶來bringbroughtbrought買buyboughtbought教teachtaughttaught抓catchcaughtcaught遇見meetmetmetABB型??三、過去分詞的句法功能動詞的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞或副詞，在句子中可充當(dāng)表語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語等句子成分。1.作表語

be/系動詞+-ed分詞過去分詞作表語，跟在系動詞后，具有形容詞功能（有些已經(jīng)變成形容詞）動詞-ing作形容詞：令人...的

動詞-ed作形容詞：人感到...的如excite,puzzle,disappoint,astonish,amaze,bore,encourage,inspire,shock,move,tire,challenge,touch等動詞，它們表示事物的特征時，用現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表示人的特征、狀態(tài)時，用過去分詞作表語。Thechildrenwerevery___________(excite)bythemovie.Themovie,whichwesawyesterday,isvery__________(excite).excitedexciting??三、過去分詞的句法功能2.作定語(往往與所修飾名詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系）表形容詞功能，表示已經(jīng)完成的或被動的動作或者不強調(diào)時間性的被動動作。①單個過去分詞作前置定語，表被動，已完成意義。現(xiàn)在分詞做前置定語，則表主動和進行。如：afinishedarticlepollutedwater

anorganizedtrip1）Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywitha___________(share)futureformankind…

2）youcansitdowntorestyour____________(ache)legs.

注：不及物動詞過去分詞作定語修飾名詞僅表示完成意義，不表示被動。aretiredworker=aworkerwhohasretiredfallenleaves=leavesthathavefallenagrownman=amanwhohasgrown

sharedaching??三、過去分詞的句法功能2.作定語

(往往與所修飾名詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系）②過去分詞短語作后置定語，表被動，已完成意義。相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。themeetingheldlastweekagiftgivenbyhermomTheproblemdiscussed

atthemeeting

將下列定語從句改成過去分詞短語作定語的句子。1)Thebuildingwhichwasbuiltin1508isunderrepair.→Thebuildingbuiltin1508isunderrepair.2)What’sthelanguagethatisspokeninthatarea?→What’sthelanguagespokeninthatarea?3)Thehousethatisboughtlastyearisworthafortune.→Thehouseboughtlastyearisworthafortune.用所給的詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Helooksvery________(delight).2.Shefoundherphone_______(steal).3.Thediseasewascausedbythe___________(pollute)water.4.Theconclusionofthebookwasvery______________(disappoint).5.FarawayarethemountainsofcentralScotland,often________(cover)withsnow.6.Wealllikethedishes__________(cook)bythechef.7.A__________(grow)numberofpeoplearereturningtofull-timeeducation.delightedstolenpolluted??三、過去分詞的句法功能disappointingcoveredcookedgrowing??三、過去分詞的句法功能3.作賓語補足語（v+sb./sth.+done)說明賓語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)。過去分詞作賓補的常見類型：1).用在感官動詞see,hear,notice,observe,watch,feel,find等后面,seesb.+doneIfoundadoorlocked.2).用在get,make,have,keep等表示‘致使’動詞后面makesb.+doneIraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.3).用在expect,wouldlike,want,wish,order等表示”愿望，命令“的詞后面want/order/wishsb.+(tobe)doneIdon’twantanyoneofyou(tobe)involvedintheissue.Theteacherwouldlikethehomework(tobe)handedintomorrow.??三、過去分詞的句法功能3.作賓語補足語（v+sb./sth.+done)說明賓語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)。過去分詞作賓補的常見類型：4)with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中withsb/sth+done表被動且完成，或表狀態(tài)Withallthestuff________(buy),sheheadedhomejoyfully.Withallherhomework________(do),Cindybreathedasighofrelief.Wefoundhimlyingonabench,withhiseyes_______(fix)onakiteinthesky.Ilivedonthatphonethatsummer,withmyface______(bury)initsscreen.boughtdonefixedburied??三、過去分詞的句法功能Canyouhearsomebody_____(sing)inthenextroom?Ioftenhearthissong______(sing)inEnglish.IneedapassportsoIwillhavemyphotograph_________(take).Hesatinmyroomforafewminuteswithhiseyes_______(fix)ontheposteronthewall.Withthenewsnowseason___________(begin)inChina,enthusiasticskiersandsnowboardershavebeeneagertogetbackontheslopes.singingsungtakenfixedbeginning??三、過去分詞的句法功能4.作狀語(邏輯主語和主句主語一致）過去分詞作狀語時，表示被動和完成，在句子中一般可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果等1).作時間狀語（相當(dāng)于when引導(dǎo)的從句）Translated

into(=When

itwastranslatedinto)English,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.Askedwhoshewas,shesaidshewasMary’sfriend.2).作原因狀語（相當(dāng)于because，as等引導(dǎo)的從句）Brokendownonthehighway,hiscarwascarriedawaybythepolice.Absorbedinhistask,theoldmandidn’tnoticethewomanenterhisoffice.??三、過去分詞的句法功能3).作條件狀語（相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的從句）Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.Usedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.4).作讓步狀語（相當(dāng)于though，although等引導(dǎo)）Though

warnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingontheice.5).作方式或伴隨狀語Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.Seatedatthetable,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob.??三、過去分詞的句法功能過去分詞作狀語時，前面往往帶有when,if,while,though,evenif等連詞，這樣就能是過去分詞所表示的意思更加明確。Ifgiventhesametreatmentagain,heissuretogetwell.Though

warnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingontheice.Whenheated,icecanbechangedintowater.??三、過去分詞的句法功能______(give)time,he’llmakeafirst-class