2024年高考《英語》二輪復習模擬測試（新高考九省專用卷）全析全解

第第頁2024年高考英語二輪復習測試（新高考九省專用卷）（一）英語（全析全解）注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務必將自己的考生號、姓名、考點學校、考場號及座位號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需要改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1．Whatisthechairmadeof?A．Wood. B．Metal. C．Plastic.【答案】C【原文】W:Thischairisunusual.Canyouguesswhatmaterialitismadeof?M:Possiblyalightmetal.W:No,anewkindofplastic.2．Whatdoesthemanthinkofthefoodintherestaurant?A．Boring. B．Special. C．Great.【答案】A【原文】W:Howwasyourfirstdayhereintherestaurant?M:Great.I’veenjoyedit.Butthefoodweserveseemsabitboring.W:Whatfooddoyouthinkpeopleliketoeat?M:Well,Icantryoneofmyspecialmealsifyoulike.3．Wheredoesthemancomefrom?A．NewYork. B．Washington. C．LosAngeles.【答案】B【原文】W:Whereareyoufrom,Karl?NewYorkorLosAngeles?M:Ijusttoldyouyesterday,I’mfromWashington,acityclosetoNewYork.4．WhatisthenextTVprogram?A．Thenews. B．Aquizshow. C．Adocumentaryaboutanimals.【答案】C【原文】M:Doyouknowwhat’sonafterthenews?Isitaquizshow?W:No,it’sadocumentaryaboutanimals.M:Oh,Iliketowatchprogramsaboutanimals.5．Wherearethespeakers?A．Inalibrary. B．Inabookstore. C．Atacoffeeshop.【答案】A【原文】W:I’dliketocheckoutthesefourbooks,please.Bytheway,isthereanicecoffeeshoparoundhere?M:Yes,there’sonerightdownthestreet.Well,I’dliketoremindyouthatyourbooksaredueintwoweeksandpleasereturnthemintime.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whatarethespeakersdoing?A．Cooking. B．Working. C．Eating.7．Whatwasputontheman’sfinger?A．Cream. B．Bandage. C．Ice.【答案】6．A7．C【原文】W:Well,thesalad’salmostready.How’sthebeefgoing?I’mstarving.M:SoamI.Thebeeflooksjustaboutready.Justoneminute.Wow!W:What’sthematter?M:Oh!Myfinger!Ihaveburnedmyfinger!W:That’sterrible!I’llgetsomeiceandputitonyourfinger.M:OK!W:There!M:Ah...ah...muchbetter.Theicereallyworks.W:Howdoesitfeel?M:Oh!Ifeelwellnow!Thanks!Let’seat.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8．Whodoesthebookbelongto?A．David. B．Mary. C．Nancy.9．Whatcanbeknownaboutthebook?A．Itsellsverywell.B．Itcanbefoundinafewbookstores.C．Thebookisaimedatstudents.10．Whatwillthewomandonext?A．Lookforthebookinabookstore.B．GiveMaryacall.C．Bringthebookrightnow.【答案】8．B9．A10．B【原文】W:Whatareyoureading,David?M:TheHeroTwoDoorsDown.Ireallyloveit.W:DoyouthinkIcouldborrowitwhenyou’vefinishedwithit?I’vebeenlookingalloverforacopy,butapparently,it’ssoldoutatallthebookstores.M:Oh,yeah.It’sbeensellingreallywell.Butthiscopyisn’tmine.ItbelongstoMary.W:Whendoyouthinkyou’llfinishreadingit?M:Tomorrow,Ithink.W:So,I’llcallMaryandseewhatshesays.M:OK,Nancy.LetmeknowifshesaysyessothatIcangiveittoyouassoonasI’mdone.聽第8段材料,回答第11至14題。11．Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheskiplace?A．Thesnowisnotgood. B．It’sverycrowded. C．She’sbeentotheplacetwice.12．Whatdidthestupidskierdotothewoman?A．Hetookapictureofher. B．Hestolehernewgloves. C．Hedroveherintoatree.13．Howcanthewomanrecognizethestupidskier?A．Byhisclothing. B．Byhiscrazylaugh. C．Byhishairandeyes.14．Whatistheendofthestory?A．Thespeakersfindtheybothlikejazz.B．Themanseemstobethestupidskier.C．Themanwillteachthewomantoski.【答案】11．B12．C13．A14．B【原文】M:Whew!It’sprettycoldtoday.Miss,doyouoftenskihere?W:No,thisismyfirsttime.Actually,thisismyfirsttimeskiingever.M:Howdoyoulikeitsofar?W:Thesnowisgreat,butit’stoocrowded.Youknow,twopeoplecrashedintomeonmyfirstrun,andsomestupidskierwasgoingtoofastanddrovemeintoatree.Icrashedandlostmygloves.M:Wow,didtheskierstopandapologize?W:No,hejustlaughedatme.Humph!YoujustwaituntilIfindthatguy.M:Uh,whatareyougoingtodotohim?W:First,I’mgoingtobreakhisskis.AndthenIwilltakeapictureofhimandpostitonFacebook.M:Buthowareyougoingtoidentifyhim?W:Oh,that’seasy.Hewaswearingbrightredbootsandapurplehat,um…justlikeyours.M:Wait,wait!Whatdoyoumean?Whyareyoulookingatme?Youdon’tthinkitwasme,doyou?Um...doyoulikejazzmusic?聽第9段材料，回答第15至17題。15．Wherearethetwospeakers?A．Inacar. B．Inatrain. C．Inabus.16．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Atraveltoanewcity. B．Alightrailtrain. C．Atrafficaccident.17．Whooperatesthetrain?A．Theman. B．Thetrainitself. C．Operators.【答案】15．A16．B17．C【原文】W:Lookout!M:Don’tworry.That’sanewlightrailtrain.Thenewlightrailsystemsharestheroadwithstreettraffic.W:Forasecond,Ithoughtourcarwasgoingtorunintoit.M:Didn’tyouseetheoperatorseatedatthefrontofthetrain?Shewatchesoutforotherdrivers.W:Ididn’tknowthetrainhaveoperators.Ithoughttheywereautomatic.M:No.They’renotlikesomeformsofrapidtransit.W:Iseethatthetrainsrideontracksandarepoweredbyoverheadelectriclines.M:That’sright.W:I’dliketohaveatryonthelightrailtrain.M:OK,I’lltakeyoutotheneareststop.There’stheplatformoverthere.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。18．Howoldisthespeakernow?A．12yearsold. B．15yearsold. C．17yearsold.19．WhatdidLisasaywhenshewasinvitedtoamovie?A．Shehadtostudy.B．Shehadwatchedthemovie.C．Shehadtoseeanotherfriend.20．WhatdoweknowaboutthewomanandLisanow?A．Theyhardlyseeeachother.B．Theyremaintobegoodfriends.C．Theyhavefewerfriends.【答案】18．C19．A20．B【原文】Lisaismybestfriend.ShemovedtoChicagofromLondonwithherfamilyataveryyoungage.Wefirstmetwhenwewerebothjustfiveyearsold.Herfamilylivednexttomine,andwebecamefriendsassoonaswekneweachother.Wewenttothesamekindergartenandalwaysplayedtogether.Nowtwelveyearshaspassed.Wehavebeenfriendsalltheseyearsandwearestillneighbors.However,atthebeginningofthisyearIfoundthatLisadidn’thangoutwithmeasmuchasbefore.WhenIaskedhertohangoutwithme,shesaidshewasbusy.Oneday,Iaskedhertogotoamoviewithme,butshesaidshebadtostudyforanexamathome.However,laterthatday,Isawherwalkingonthestreetwithanothergirl.Ibecameangry,ranuptoherandaskedherwhysheliedtome.Thatnight,Lisaapologized.Shesaidshewantedtomakemorefriends.Shedidn’ttellmethetruthbecauseshewasafraidshe’dbreakmyheart.Afterknowingthereason,Itoldheritwasalright.Everyoneneedsnewfriends.Ihavealsomadesomenewfriends.NowLisaandIarestillgoodfriends.Butwebothhavemorefriendsthanbefore.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ALeafygreensareagreatwaytoimproveyourhealthastheypossessmanyvitalnutrients,vitamins,mineralsandantioxidants.Theyarealsolowincalories,makingthemagoodchoiceforthosewhowanttomanagetheirweight.Thefollowingsaladleavesinyourdietarehighlyrecommendedbynutritionists.SpinachSpinachiseasytogetallyearround.Itisagoodsourceofantioxidants,whichcanreducetheriskofmanydiseases,includingheartdiseaseandcertaincancers.It’sbesteatenuncooked,aspartofasalad,ascookingtendstodestroythenaturallyoccurringnutrientsintheleaves.CollardgreensCollardgreensareagoodsourceoflutein,whichisimportantforeyehealth.TheyarefullofvitaminsAandCandmineralssuchascalcium,iron,zinc,copperandselenium,andareagoodsourceoffibre.Aswithspinach,youcangetthemallyearround.RocketIfyou’reinthemoodforaleafygreenwithafresh,slightlybitterandpepperytaste,consideraddingrockettoyourplate.Rocketispackedwithnitrates—whichstudieshaveshowncanboostperformanceinsports.RocketisalsorichinvitaminsKandC,andcalciumandpolyphenols.RomainelettuceRomainelettuceisagoodsourceofvitaminsandminerals,includingvitaminsA,K,Candfolate.Thesenutrientsareessentialformaintainingoverallhealthandsupportingahealthyimmunesystem.Romaineisasourceoffibretoo,whichisknowntoreduceyourriskofheartdisease,stroke,type2diabetesandbowelcancer.21．Whyaretheleafygreensagoodoptionforpeopletryingtocontroltheirweight?A．Theyarefullofnutrients. B．Theyareaffordableandtasty.C．Theycontainveryfewcalories. D．Theyarerecommendedbynutritionists.22．Whichfoodmaybebeneficialtoeyes?A．Spinach. B．Collardgreens. C．Rocket. D．Romainelettuce.23．Whatdospinachandromainelettucehaveincommon?A．Theymustbecooked. B．Theyareavailableallyearround.C．Theycanboostperformanceinsports. D．Theymaylessenthepossibilityofheartdisease.【答案】21．C22．B23．D【解析】本文是應用文。綠葉蔬菜是改善健康的好方法，因為它們含有許多重要的營養(yǎng)素、維生素、礦物質(zhì)和抗氧化劑。它們的熱量也很低，對于那些想要控制體重的人來說是一個不錯的選擇。文章主要介紹了營養(yǎng)師推薦的幾種綠葉蔬菜。21．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theyarealsolowincalories,makingthemagoodchoiceforthosewhowanttomanagetheirweight.(它們的熱量也很低，對于那些想要控制體重的人來說是一個不錯的選擇。)”可知，綠葉蔬菜對于想要控制體重的人來說是一個不錯的選擇是因為它們含有很少的卡路里。故選C。22．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Collardgreens部分中的“Collardgreensareagoodsourceoflutein,whichisimportantforeyehealth.(羽衣甘藍是葉黃素的良好來源，葉黃素對眼睛健康很重要。)”可知，Collardgreens(羽衣甘藍)對眼睛有好處，故選B。23．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Spinach部分中的“Itisagoodsourceofantioxidants,whichcanreducetheriskofmanydiseases,includingheartdiseaseandcertaincancers.(它是抗氧化劑的良好來源，可以降低許多疾病的風險，包括心臟病和某些癌癥。)”和Romainelettuce部分中的“Romaineisasourceoffibretoo,whichisknowntoreduceyourriskofheartdisease,stroke,type2diabetesandbowelcancer.(羅馬生菜也是纖維的來源，眾所周知，它可以降低患心臟病、中風、2型糖尿病和腸癌的風險。)”可知，菠菜和羅馬生菜的共同點是它們可能會降低患心臟病的可能性。故選D。BMostanimalsareactivearoundpeople,whichmakesobservingtheminthewildachallengingeffortforresearchers.Theissueisworsenedwithnaturallyshycreatureslikeemperorpenguins(企鵝),whoshowsignsofphysicalsorrowinfrontofhumans.TheFrenchscientistLeMahoandhisteambeganaprojecttotestifsendingtinyrobotstocollecttherequiredinformationwouldaffectthepenguinsasharmfully.Theybeganbyfitting34emperorpenguinswithoutsideheartratemonitors,whichcouldbereadfromadistanceof60centimeters.Theythensentasimple,fourwheeledrobotintoaplaceofhatchingpenguinsthatwerestationarybecausetheywereusingtheirlegstoprotecteggs.Thoughthepenguinswerealittlealarmedandevencried,theydidallowtherobottoreadtheirheartmonitors.Evenmoreencouragingwasthefactthatassoonastherobotstoppedmoving,thepenguins'heartratesreturnedtonormal,muchmorerapidlythanwhenhumansenteredtheplace.However,fortheextremelyshyemperorpenguinsitwasstilltoodisturbing.Aftersomediscussions,theirfirstattemptfailedterribly.Fortunately,thescientistsdecidedtotrytocovertherobotasapenguinchickforLeMaho'steam,aBritishproductioncompanyworkingonanewsfilm,anditwasalsotryinggettingintothepenguinplaceusingsecretcameras.Thetwoworkedtogethertocreatealovelychickrobotthattheemperorpenguinsimmediatelyconsideredasoneoftheirown.Coveredinsoftfuzz(絨毛)justlikearealbabyemperorpenguin,itissobelievablethatthechicksgatheraroundit,justastheydowitheachother.Thepenguinsnotonlyaccepttherobot,buttheyevensingtoit,andappearalittledisappointedwhenthe“chick”doesn'trespond—anerrorthescientistsplantocorrectwiththenextgroupofrobotpenguins.Notsurprisingly,thepenguinsshowalmostnostressasthelovely“spy”walksaroundtheplace,gatheringallkindsofinformationabouttheirday-to-daylives.24．Oncehumansapproachemperorpenguins,theytendto.A．showtheirshyness B．feeldisturbedandsadC．takeactionmoreactively D．diveintothesearightaway25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stationary”inparagraph2mean?A．Still. B．Strong. C．Hungry. D．Dynamic.26．Whatistheadvantageofthechickrobotcomparedwiththefourwheeledrobot?A．Ithastwocreativeworkingteams.B．Ithasmadelesserrorsingatheringinformation.C．Itismorebelievabletogetclosetotherealpenguins.D．Itismorecapableofcommunicatingwiththerealpenguins.27．Whatwillthescientistsdowiththenextgroupofrobotpenguins?A．Fixnewheartmonitorstogetaccurateheartrates.B．Developtheiraudiosystemandgetthemtosing.C．Changetheirlooksandmakethemlookmorelovely.D．Improvethetechniquetorestoretheircommunicativefunction.【答案】24．B25．A26．C27．C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了科學家利用“小雞”機器人來收集帝企鵝的信息，以免這種企鵝在人類接近的時候感到不安和悲傷。24．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theissueisworsenedwithnaturallyshycreatureslikeemperorpenguins(企鵝),whoshowsignsofphysicalsorrowinfrontofhumans.(這個問題在像帝企鵝這樣天生害羞的動物身上更加嚴重，它們在人類面前表現(xiàn)出身體上的悲傷)”以及第四段“However,fortheextremelyshyemperorpenguinsitwasstilltoodisturbing.(然而，對于極度害羞的帝企鵝來說，這仍然太令人不安了)”可知，一旦人類接近帝企鵝，它們往往會感到不安和悲傷。故選B。25．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“becausetheywereusingtheirlegstoprotecteggs”可知，企鵝要用腿保護蛋，所以它們是靜止的。故劃線詞意思是“靜止的”。故選A。26．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Coveredinsoftfuzz(絨毛)justlikearealbabyemperorpenguin,itissobelievablethatthechicksgatheraroundit,justastheydowitheachother.Thepenguinsnotonlyaccepttherobot,buttheyevensingtoit,andappearalittledisappointedwhenthe“chick”doesn'trespond—anerrorthescientistsplantocorrectwiththenextgroupofrobotpenguins.(它被柔軟的絨毛覆蓋著，就像一只真正的小帝企鵝，它是如此可信，以至于小企鵝們聚集在它周圍，就像它們彼此之間一樣。企鵝們不僅接受了機器人，甚至還對著它唱歌，當“小雞”沒有回應時，它們顯得有點失望——科學家們計劃用下一組機器人企鵝來糾正這個錯誤)”可知，小雞機器人與四輪機器人相比優(yōu)勢在于接近真實的企鵝，企鵝更容易相信。故選C。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Coveredinsoftfuzz(絨毛)justlikearealbabyemperorpenguin,itissobelievablethatthechicksgatheraroundit,justastheydowitheachother.(它被柔軟的絨毛覆蓋著，就像一只真正的小帝企鵝，它是如此可信，以至于小企鵝們聚集在它周圍，就像它們彼此之間一樣)”可推知，小雞機器人因為有絨毛覆蓋，所以被帝企鵝接受了，故推測科學家將要改變下一批機器企鵝的外表，讓他們看起來更可愛。故選C。CIsfutureyou?Itmightseemlikeastrangephilosophicalquestion.Buttheanswertohowyouthinkaboutyourfutureselfcouldmakethedifferencebetweendecisionsyouultimatelyfindsatisfyingandonesyoumighteventuallyregret.ThebrainpatternsthatemergeonanMRI(核磁共振成像)whenpeoplethinkabouttheirfutureselvesmostlikethebrainpatternsthatarisewhentheythinkaboutstrangers.Thisfindingsuggeststhat,inthemind’seye,ourfutureselveslooklikeotherpeople.Ifyouseefutureyouasadifferentperson,whyshouldyousavemoney,eathealthierorexercisemoreregularlytobenefitthatstranger?However,ifyouseetheinterestsofyourdistantselfasmorelikethoseofyourpresentself,youareconsiderablymorelikelytodothingstodaythatbenefityoutomorrow.ApaperinthejournalPLoSOnerevealedthatcollegestudentswhoexperiencedagreatersenseofconnectionandsimilaritytotheirfutureselvesweremorelikelytoachieveacademicsuccess.Relationshipswithourfutureselvesalsomatterforgeneralpsychologicalwell-being.InaprojectledbyJosephReiff,whichincludes5,000adultsaged20to75,hefoundthatthosewhoperceivedagreatoverlap(重疊)inqualitiesbetweentheircurrentandfutureselvesendedupbeingmoresatisfiedwiththeirlives10yearsafterfillingouttheinitialsurvey.

Sohowcanwebetterbefriendourfutureselvesandfeelmoreconnectedtotheirfates?Thepsychologicalmindsetwithwhatwecall”vividnessinterventions“works.Wehavefound,forinstance,thatshowingpeopleimagesoftheirolder,grayerselvesincreasesintentionstosaveforthelongterm.Besides,youmighttrywritingaletterto-andthenfrom-yourfutureself.AsdemonstratedbyYutaChishimaandAnneWilsonintheir2020studyinthejournalSelfandIdentity,whenhigh-schoolstudentsengagedinthistypeof”send-and-reply“exercise,theyexperiencedelevated(升高的)levelsoffeelingsofsimilaritywiththeirfutureselves.Letter-writingandvisualizationexercisesarejustacoupleofwayswecanconnectwithourfutureselvesandbeyond,butthelargerlessonhereisclear:Ifwecantreatourdistantselvesasiftheyarepeoplewelove,careaboutandwanttosupport,wecanstartmakingchoicesforthemthatimproveourlives-bothtodayandtomorrow.28．What’sthefunctionofparagraph2?A．Generatingfurtherdiscussion. B．Introducingaresearchresult.C．Showingtheeffectofthefinding. D．Concludingvariousviewpoints.29．Howdoestheauthorprovehisstatements?A．Byofferingrelevantstatistics. B．Byusingquotations.C．Byreferringtopreviousfindings. D．Bymakingcomparisons.30．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Benefitsofbefriendingourfutureselves.B．Waysofconnectingwithourfutureselves.C．Methodsofchangingpsychologicalmindsets.D．Possibilitiesofusbecomingourfutureselves.31．Whatdoesthearticlewanttotellus?A．Makingfutureplansmakesadifference.B．Ourfutureselveslooklikeotherpeople.C．Gettingtoknowyourfutureselfbenefits.D．Yourchoiceaffectsthefatesofstrangers.【答案】28．A29．C30．B31．C【解析】這是一片說明文。文章主要介紹了與自己未來建立聯(lián)系的好處，以及如何與未來的自己建立聯(lián)系，并為未來做出有益的選擇。28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ThebrainpatternsthatemergeonanMRI(核磁共振成像)whenpeoplethinkabouttheirfutureselvesmostlikethebrainpatternsthatarisewhentheythinkaboutstrangers.Thisfindingsuggeststhat,inthemind’seye,ourfutureselveslooklikeotherpeople.Ifyouseefutureyouasadifferentperson,whyshouldyousavemoney,eathealthierorexercisemoreregularlytobenefitthatstranger?(當人們思考未來的自我時，核磁共振成像上出現(xiàn)的大腦模式最像是當他們思考陌生人時產(chǎn)生的大腦模式。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，在大腦的眼中，我們未來的自己看起來和其他人一樣。如果你把未來的自己視為一個不同的人，你為什么要省錢、吃得更健康或更經(jīng)常地鍛煉來造福那個陌生人？)”可推知，本段通過設問來引出下文，產(chǎn)生進一步的討論，為什么要和未來的自己建立聯(lián)系。故選A。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句話到最后一句話“ApaperinthejournalPLoSOnerevealedthatcollegestudentswhoexperiencedagreatersenseofconnectionandsimilaritytotheirfutureselvesweremorelikelytoachieveacademicsuccess.Relationshipswithourfutureselvesalsomatterforgeneralpsychologicalwell-being.InaprojectledbyJosephReiff,whichincludes5,000adultsaged20to75,hefoundthatthosewhoperceivedagreatoverlap(重疊)inqualitiesbetweentheircurrentandfutureselvesendedupbeingmoresatisfiedwiththeirlives10yearsafterfillingouttheinitialsurvey.(《公共科學圖書館綜合》雜志上的一篇論文顯示，與未來自我有更大聯(lián)系感和相似感的大學生更有可能在學業(yè)上取得成功。與未來自我的關系對整體心理健康也很重要。在JosephReiff領導的一個項目中，包括5000名年齡在20歲至75歲之間的成年人，他發(fā)現(xiàn)那些認為自己現(xiàn)在和未來的品質(zhì)有很大重疊的人，在完成最初的調(diào)查10年后，最終對自己的生活更加滿意)”可推知，作者通過參考先前的發(fā)現(xiàn)來證明他的陳述。故選C。30．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段第一句話“Sohowcanwebetterbefriendourfutureselvesandfeelmoreconnectedtotheirfates?(那么，我們?nèi)绾尾拍芨玫嘏c未來的自己成為朋友，并與他們的命運更加緊密地聯(lián)系在一起呢？)”以及全段內(nèi)容來看，本段主要介紹了與未來的自己聯(lián)系的方式。故選B。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中第二句話“Buttheanswertohowyouthinkaboutyourfutureselfcouldmakethedifferencebetweendecisionsyouultimatelyfindsatisfyingandonesyoumighteventuallyregret.(但是，你如何看待未來的自己的答案可能會決定你最終感到滿意的決定和你最終可能后悔的決定)”及第三段的第二、三句話“ApaperinthejournalPLoSOnerevealedthatcollegestudentswhoexperiencedagreatersenseofconnectionandsimilaritytotheirfutureselvesweremorelikelytoachieveacademicsuccess.Relationshipswithourfutureselvesalsomatterforgeneralpsychologicalwell-being.(《公共科學圖書館綜合》雜志上的一篇論文顯示，與未來自我有更大聯(lián)系感和相似感的大學生更有可能在學業(yè)上取得成功。與未來自我的關系對整體心理健康也很重要)”和最后一段“Letter-writingandvisualizationexercisesarejustacoupleofwayswecanconnectwithourfutureselvesandbeyond,butthelargerlessonhereisclear:Ifwecantreatourdistantselvesasiftheyarepeoplewelove,careaboutandwanttosupport,wecanstartmakingchoicesforthemthatimproveourlives-bothtodayandtomorrow(寫信和可視化練習只是我們與未來自我和未來自我聯(lián)系的幾種方式，但這里更大的教訓是明確的：如果我們能把遙遠的自我當作我們愛、關心和想要支持的人來對待，我們就能開始為他們做出選擇，改善我們今天和明天的生活)”可知，文章介紹了與未來自己建立聯(lián)系的好處，如何與未來的自己建立聯(lián)系，并為未來做出有益的選擇。由此推知，這篇文章想告訴我們了解未來的自己的利好處。故選C。DHaveyoueverforgottenitemswhentryingtorecallashoppinglist?Ordialedthewrongphonenumberwhenattemptingtomemoriseone?Thebrainmechanisms(機制)thatcauseustodrawablankinsuchsituationshavenowbeenidentified.Ourworkingmemorykeepssmallpiecesofinformationthatarereadilyaccessibleforplanning,understandingandsolvingproblems.Butitwillhave“swaperrors”.Forexample,ifweareshownaredsquareandnbluecircle,andarethenaskedwhatcolourthecirclewas,wemightsayred,Tounderstandwhywemakesucherrors,JeffJohnstonatColumbiaUniversityandhiscolleaguesrecordedthebrainactivityoftwomonkeysbecauseamonkey’sworkingmemoryisverysimilartohumans.Themonkeyswereshowntwodifferentlycolouredsquares,oneabovetheother,forhalfasecond.Afterashortdelay,ablackspotappearedinthesamelocationasoneofthesquares,andthendisappeared.Theanimalsweretrainedtotellthecolourofthesquaretheyweresupposedtoberememberingbasedonthespot’slocation,bystaringatthematchingcolouronarotatable(可旋轉(zhuǎn)的)wheel.Whendoingthisforabout3hoursovermultiplesessions,themonkeysperformedthetaskcorrectlybetween60and82percentofthetime,butoccasionallymadeswaperrors.Theresearchsuggeststhatthebrainresponseslinkedtoswaperrorsemergedbeforetheanimalsdecidedwhichcolourtoreport.Theyappearedtoariseduring“selection”whencertainitemsstoredinworkingmemoryareenhancedattheexpenseofothers,ratherthanoccurringasaresultofthemforgettingorafailuretocorrectlyencode(編碼)itemsintheirworkingmemory.“Everyoneassumedthereweresimplerexplanationslikefailuretoencodeorforgetting,butthisverycoolstudyshowsthatworkingmemoryerrorscomefromapreviouslyunknownsource,”saysEarlMillerattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Theteamisplanningfurtherexperimentstogainabetterunderstandingofmechanismsunderlyingswaperrors.32．Whatisthefunctionofworkingmemory?A．Toidentifytheerrorsinunderstanding. B．Toreducetheoccurrenceofmindblanking.C．Todevelopthewayofdistinguishingcolours. D．Tostoreinformationatthereadyformentaluse.33．Whatwerethemonkeystaskedwithintheresearch?A．Correctingtheirerrorsovermultiplesessions. B．Playingamatchinggameonarotatablewheel.C．Reportingthecolourofthesquaretomemorize. D．Figuringouttheexactpositionoftheblackspot.34．Whatdoestheresearchsuggestaboutswaperrors?A．Theyareunusualbrainresponses. B．Theyshowatendencyforforgetfulness.C．Theyhaveaneffectonworkingmemory. D．Theyaretheoutcomeofmemoryselection.35．WhatisEarlMiller’sattitudetowardstheresearchfinding?A．Unclear. B．Appreciative. C．Objective. D．Dismissive.【答案】32．D33．C34．D35．B【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要解釋了什么是工作記憶以及針對工作記憶為什么會出現(xiàn)錯誤的相關研究過程以及發(fā)現(xiàn)。32．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ourworkingmemorykeepssmallpiecesofinformationthatarereadilyaccessibleforplanning,understandingandsolvingproblems.(我們的工作記憶保存著小塊的信息，這些信息很容易用于計劃、理解和解決問題)”可知，工作記憶的功能是把信息儲存起來以備腦力使用。故選D。33．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Themonkeyswereshowntwodifferentlycolouredsquares,oneabovetheother,forhalfasecond.Afterashortdelay,ablackspotappearedinthesamelocationasoneofthesquares,andthendisappeared.Theanimalsweretrainedtotellthecolourofthesquaretheyweresupposedtoberememberingbasedonthespot’slocation,bystaringatthematchingcolouronarotatable(可旋轉(zhuǎn)的)wheel.(給猴子看兩個不同顏色的方塊，一個在另一個上面，持續(xù)半秒鐘。在短暫的延遲后，一個黑點出現(xiàn)在與其中一個方塊相同的位置，然后消失。動物們經(jīng)過訓練，通過盯著一個可旋轉(zhuǎn)的輪子上的對應顏色，說出它們應該根據(jù)點的位置所記住的正方形的顏色。)”可知，在這項研究中，猴子的任務是報告要記憶的正方形顏色。故選C。34．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Theresearchsuggeststhatthebrainresponseslinkedtoswaperrorsemergedbeforetheanimalsdecidedwhichcolourtoreport.Theyappearedtoariseduring“selection”whencertainitemsstoredinworkingmemoryareenhancedattheexpenseofothers,ratherthanoccurringasaresultofthemforgettingorafailuretocorrectlyencode(編碼)itemsintheirworkingmemory.(研究表明，與交換錯誤相關的大腦反應在動物決定報告哪種顏色之前就出現(xiàn)了。它們似乎是在“選擇”過程中出現(xiàn)的，當儲存在工作記憶中的某些項目以犧牲其他項目為代價而得到加強時，而不是由于他們忘記或未能正確編碼工作記憶中的項目而出現(xiàn)的。)”可知，關于交換錯誤，研究表明是記憶選擇的結(jié)果。故選D。35．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Everyoneassumedthereweresimplerexplanationslikefailuretoencodeorforgetting,butthisverycoolstudyshowsthatworkingmemoryerrorscomefromapreviouslyunknownsource,”saysEarlMillerattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.(麻省理工學院的厄爾·米勒說：“每個人都認為有更簡單的解釋，比如編碼失敗或遺忘，但這項非?？岬难芯勘砻鳎ぷ饔洃涘e誤來自一個以前未知的來源?！?”可推知，厄爾·米勒對研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的態(tài)度是積極欣賞的。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Expertsoftentellstudentstocentertheireffortsonanarrowfieldtogetajobafterschool.36Oneofthewinnersofthisyear’sNobelPrizeinChemistrywasDanishscientistMortenMeldal,whois68yearsoldandworksattheUniversityofCopenhagen.Whendescribinghiscareer,Meldalsaidhestartedoutasanengineerbutchangedtochemistrybecausehe“wantedtounderstandtheworld.”37Theymightbelievetheyhavetocentertheirworkandschoollivesinonefieldtobesuccessful.ButastudyfromprofessorsatMichiganStateUniversityshowsthatisnotalwaysthecase.TheresearcherslookedintopastNobelPrizewinnersandtheirstudents.38someofwhattheylearnedfromtheirteachersishowtolivealifewithmanyinterests.Theyare,inaway,learninghowtobecreative.Nobelwinnersareninetimesmorelikelytohaveexperienceinworkingwithwood,metalorintheartsthanmostscientists.TheresearchersalsofoundthattheNobelwinnershaveanopenmindabouttheirlifeexperiences.Unlikemanypeoplewhospendlonghoursatworkandgiveuptheiroutsideinterests,39Theresearcherssaythat,evenamongpeoplewhodonotwinbigprizes,thosewithmanyinterestsareoftensuccessful.Theypointedtoa2022reportaboutstudentswhostudytwomajorfieldsincollege.40Doublemajorsareoftenmorecreativeandmoreinterestedinstartingtheirownbusinessesthanthosewhocenteredononlyonestudyarea.A．Thatstudyplaniscalleda“doublemajor”.B．Whatwebelieveisofgreatbenefitstothem.C．Meldal’sexperiencemaycomeasasurprisetostudents.D．Theydiscoveredthatiftheyhelpedeachotherafterwards,E．Nobelwinnersbelievetheirhobbiesareimportanttocreativity.F．TheyfoundthatwhenthestudentsofwinnerswentontowinNobelPrizes,G．ButrecentresearchintoNobelPrizewinnerssuggeststhatwiderinterestsareimportant.【答案】36．G37．C38．F39．E40．A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項針對諾貝爾獎獲得者的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些獲獎者通常有多個領域的知識，廣博的知識使他們在工作中能用不同的角度和方法思考問題。36．根據(jù)上文“Expertsoftentellstudentstocentertheireffortson