福建省福州市福清市高中聯(lián)合體2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題

20232024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高二年期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科試卷（全卷共10頁(yè)，完卷時(shí)間120分鐘，滿分150分）第Ⅰ卷第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.WhenisMary’sbirthday?A.OnMonday.B.OnTuesday.C.OnWednesday.2.Howdidthewomangettoworktoday?A.Bytaxi.B.Bybike.C.Bybus.3.Whatdidthemandoduringhisholiday?A.Hewalkedalongthebeach.B.Heswamintheocean.C.Hewentfishing.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Janice’sarminjury.B.Theirmessyhouse.C.Acaraccident.5.WhattypeoffilmisTheOutfit?A.edy.B.Sciencefiction.C.Crimefilm.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhoisCindy?A.Ateacher.B.Astudent.C.Anenvironmentalexpert.7.WhatdoesCindyworrymostaboutthefuturepublictransport?A.Theeffectontheenvironment.B.Thearrivalanddeparturetime.C.Thehighcostonit.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inapostoffice.B.Inasouvenirshop.C.Inaworkshop.9.Whatwillthemansendtohissister?A.Somevases.B.Somekeyrings.C.Someshellcrafts.10Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Paybycash.B.Fillinaform.C.Giveherabusinesscard.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhatisTomdoing?A.Makingaposter.B.Findingaparkingspace.C.Attendingademonstration.12.Whatisthepurposeofthedemonstration?A.Togetanewmarket.B.TotellpeoplewhatSpacePartyis.C.Topreventthegovernmentfrombuildingacarpark.13.WhatwillJanedo?A.WatchTV.B.Goshopping.C.Playvolleyball.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whywasthemanontheroofyesterday?A.Tocoolhimself.B.Torepairit.C.Toputsomethingonit.15.Howdoesthewomanexaminetheman?A.ByhavinganXray.B.Bytakinghistemperature.C.Bylookingathisthroatandear.16.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Domoreexercise.B.Getsomerest.C.Drinkmorewater.17.Howoftenshouldthemantakepills?A.Threetimesaday.B.Twiceaday.C.Onceaday.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whichroadwillstayclosedforoveranhour?A.M16.B.M43.C.M48.19.WhyisNorthStreetclosedtoallcars?A.Thesnowisthick.B.Itisunderrepair.C.There’sanaccident.20.Howcanpassengersgetthelatestinformationabouttrains?A.Bymakingacall.B.Byvisitingawebsite.C.Bylisteningtotheradio.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A，B，C，D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AMostpeopleagreethateatinghealthyfoodisimportant.Butsometimesmakinggoodfoodchoicescanbetough.Now,thereareappsthatcanhelppeoplelearnaboutthefoodtheyeattoimprovetheirdiets.OpenTableOpenTablehelpspeoplechooserestaurantswhentheywanttogoouttoeat.OpenTableisafreeservicethatshowsusersrestaurantavailabilitybasedonwhereandwhentheywanttodine.OpenTableuserscanalsomakereservationsdirectlythroughtheapporwebsite.EpicuriousEpicuriousisafreeappandwebsitetohelpusersfindrecipesandbeebettercooks.Theapphasmorethan30,000recipesandcancreateashoppinglistbasedontheingredients(原料)inarecipe.Theappratesrecipesforpopularityandotherqualitiesandinformusersaboutvegetablesinseasonindifferentareas.HappyCowTheHappyCowappismadefreelyforVegetarians.Userscansearchforvegetarianrestaurantsandstoresaroundtheworld.TheHappyCowappisbasedontheHappyCowwebsitewhereuserscandiscoverplacesnearbyorsearchusingkeywords.LocalEatsRestaurantchains,likeMcDonalds,canbefoundalmostanywhereapersonmighttravel.Butsometimestouristswanttoeatlikelocals.ThewebsiteandappLocalEatsisdesignedforthat,whichcanhelpyoufindlocalrestaurantsinmajorcitiesintheUSandinothercountries.1.Whichappcanhelppeoplebookatableforamealinadvance?A.OpenTable. B.LocalEats. C.Epicurious. D.HappyCow.2.WhomightbeinterestedintheappLocalEats?A.Appdesigners. B.Travelers. C.Vegetarians. D.Chefs.3.Thistextintroducestheseappstohelppeopleto________.A.savemoney B.bebettercooks C.eatbetter D.makegoodfood【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。大多數(shù)人都想吃的健康，但是有時(shí)候選擇好食物很難，而本文就給讀者介紹了幾個(gè)幫助了解健康飲食的應(yīng)用軟件?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)OpenTable中的OpenTableuserscanalsomakereservationsdirectlythroughtheapporwebsite.(OpenTable用戶也可以直接通過app或網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行預(yù)訂)可知，這一軟件可以幫助人們提前預(yù)定飯菜。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)LocalEats中的Restaurantchains,likeMcDonalds,canbefoundalmostanywhereapersonmighttravel.Butsometimestouristswanttoeatlikelocals.(連鎖餐廳，就像麥當(dāng)勞一樣，幾乎可以在任何一個(gè)人可能去的地方找到。但有時(shí)游客想像當(dāng)?shù)厝艘粯映燥?可推斷，這一軟件適合旅游者們。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段thereareappsthatcanhelppeoplelearnaboutthefoodtheyeattoimprovetheirdiets.(有一些應(yīng)用程序可以幫助人們了解他們吃的食物，以改善他們的飲食)可知，文章介紹這幾個(gè)軟件是為了提高人們的飲食，使飲食更健康。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】推理判斷題的解題方法：推理判斷題不僅要求考生讀懂文章中的每個(gè)句子的意思還要推理它們之間的關(guān)系，結(jié)合自己的生活常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，再通過邏輯推理和判斷，理解文章的言外之意，從而揭示文章的深層涵義。例如小題3，根據(jù)第一段thereareappsthatcanhelppeoplelearnaboutthefoodtheyeattoimprovetheirdiets.(有一些應(yīng)用程序可以幫助人們了解他們吃的食物，以改善他們的飲食)可知，文章介紹這幾個(gè)軟件是為了提高人們的飲食，使飲食更健康。故選C。推理判斷題的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理時(shí)我們務(wù)必要忠于原文，在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據(jù)，即：已知部分——推論的前提，從中推測(cè)出未知部分——推理的結(jié)論，切忌妄加評(píng)論，把自己的觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)成作者的觀點(diǎn)。BAsakid,IwasalwaysaroundanimalsandIalwaysenjoyedit.Aftermysenioryearofhighschool,westartedrentingthisfarm.ThenIwentawaytoRhodeIslandSchoolofDesigntobeeanarchitect.Afterabouttwoyearsandahalf,IfoundthatwasnotquitewhatIwantedtodo.IfeltIwantedtobeanarchitectandhaveahobbyfarm.Butwhynotjusthaveafarmandmakeitmycareer?It’sanexcitingbusiness.Ithinkalotofpeopledon’trealizewhat’sinvolvedwithdairyfarming(奶牛業(yè)).WetooksometripstosomeprogressivefarmsoutinNewYorkwhenwefirststarted.Anditreallychangedmyattitudeofwhatyoucando.Youcanbeasuccessfulbusinesspersonwithalotofchallenges.Andthosechallengesarepartofwhatmakesitveryexciting—it’snotjustmilkingcows.There’snutritionandfinancesandalotofbigdaytodaydecisions.Well,landisthebiggestobstacle.Securingenoughlandisimportant.Wedon’tjustneedthelandfortheanimals;wealsoneedittodistributethemanurefromthecows.Andthere’sarealbalance,arealrecycling.Youtakethefeed;yougiveittothecows,andthecowsgiveyoumilk,buttheyalsogiveyoualotofmanure.Andthebestthingtodoisputtingitbackontheland.Youneed2acrespercowbasically,acowanditscalf.Thelandthatwerentisbeautifulandthelandthatweownisbeautiful.Ifyougethalfamileofftheroadandlookingbackatsceneryacrossthevalley,it’simpressive.Yougettherowsofgrassandthecowsinthedistance.4.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthedairyfarmingaccordingtothetext?A.Designingforthedairyfarming.B.Playingwiththecowsaroundthefarm.C.Takingtripsaroundthefarmtoenjoylife.D.Milkingcows,nutrition,financesanddecisions.5.What’sthebiggestchallengethattheauthorfaced?A.Hugeamountsofmoney. B.Securingenoughland.C.Highlyqualifiedmilkcows. D.Quantitiesofworkers.6.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinParagraph3?A.Milkfromthecows. B.Chemicalfertilizers.C.Wasteofthecows. D.Foodofferedtocows.7.Whichoneisthebesttitleforthistext?A.BuildingaSuccessfulDairyBusinessB.FamousFarmersAroundtheWorldC.HighlyQualifiedMilkCowsD.TheArchitectureDesigner【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者從事奶牛農(nóng)場(chǎng)經(jīng)營(yíng)的經(jīng)歷。作者喜歡動(dòng)物，打算把經(jīng)營(yíng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)作為自己的事業(yè)，文章也講述了他在奶牛農(nóng)場(chǎng)經(jīng)營(yíng)中遇到的挑戰(zhàn)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Andthosechallengesarepartofwhatmakesitveryexciting—it’snotjustmilkingcows.There’snutritionandfinancesandalotofbigdaytodaydecisions.(這些挑戰(zhàn)是令人興奮的部分原因——這不僅僅是擠奶。有營(yíng)養(yǎng)和財(cái)務(wù)以及許多重大的日常決策)”可知，根據(jù)文章，奶牛養(yǎng)殖包括擠奶、營(yíng)養(yǎng)、財(cái)務(wù)和日常決策。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Well,landisthebiggestobstacle.Securingenoughlandisimportant.(好吧，土地是最大的障礙。確保足夠的土地很重要)”可知，作者面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)是確保有足夠的土地，故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句子“Wedon’tjustneedthelandfortheanimals;wealsoneedittodistributethemanurefromthecows.(我們不僅需要為動(dòng)物提供土地；我們還需要它來(lái)分配奶牛的manure)”和下文“Andthere’sarealbalance,arealrecycling.Youtakethefeed;yougiveittothecows,andthecowsgiveyoumilk,buttheyalsogiveyoualotofmanure.(這是真正的平衡，真正的回收。你接受飼料；你把它給奶牛，奶牛給你牛奶，但它們也給你很多manure)”以及常識(shí)可知，奶牛不僅產(chǎn)奶，而且還會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量糞便，糞便被回收，作為土地的營(yíng)養(yǎng)，由此可推知，劃線單詞意為“糞便”，與C項(xiàng)“牛的糞便。”意思一樣，故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段“It’sanexcitingbusiness.Ithinkalotofpeopledon’trealizewhat’sinvolvedwithdairyfarming(奶牛業(yè)).WetooksometripstosomeprogressivefarmsoutinNewYorkwhenwefirststarted.Anditreallychangedmyattitudeofwhatyoucando.Youcanbeasuccessfulbusinesspersonwithalotofchallenges.Andthosechallengesarepartofwhatmakesitveryexciting—it’snotjustmilkingcows.There’snutritionandfinancesandalotofbigdaytodaydecisions.(這是一項(xiàng)令人興奮的事業(yè)。我認(rèn)為很多人不了解奶牛業(yè)涉及什么。剛開始時(shí)，我們?nèi)チ思~約的一些先進(jìn)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。這確實(shí)改變了我對(duì)你能做什么的態(tài)度。你可以成為一名成功的商人，同時(shí)面臨很多挑戰(zhàn)。這些挑戰(zhàn)是令人興奮的部分原因——這不僅僅是擠奶，且關(guān)于營(yíng)養(yǎng)和財(cái)務(wù)以及許多重大的日常決策)”可知，文章主要介紹了作者成功建立乳品企業(yè)的經(jīng)歷，A項(xiàng)“建立成功的乳制品企業(yè)”適合作文章標(biāo)題，故選A。CWhenIwassmall,mymotherandIwouldwalktoourlocallibraryinFranklinSquare.Aswedidn’talwayshaveaccesstoareliablecar,walkinghandinhandwasthemostconvenientwaytogetanywhere.ItwasatstorytimeforchildrenthatbothmymotherandImadelastingfriendships.Today,IamfortunatetolivearoundthecornerfromtheGoldCoastPublicLibraryinGlenHeadandashortwalktotheSeaCliffChildren’sLibrary.My18montholdson,Colin,andIfindourselvesinSeaCliffseveraltimesaweek,meetingandmakingfriends.Well,thatiswhatmanypeopledon’tunderstand—alibraryismorethanbooks;it’samunity.Sure,thelibraryinFranklinSquarewastheplacewhereIwasintroducedtoJudyBlumenovels.ButitwasalsotheplacewhereIgotmyfirstemailaddressin1997.Atthelibrary,friendsandIlearnedhowtoresearchcollegesandsearchforscholarshipsontheInternet.Thelibrarywastheplacewherewesometimesgiggled(咯咯地笑)tooloudly,andwherethelibrariansknewusbyname.Theirknowingournameswasn’tabadthing.WhenIcamehomefrommyfirsttermatBinghamtonUniversity,MaryLaRosa,thelibrarianattheFranklinSquarelibraryofferedmemyfirstteachingjob.InowteachreadingatNassaumunityCollege.MystudentsareoftenamazedthattheycancheckoutbooksviatheirsmartphonesandvirtuallyvisitavarietyofLongIslandlibraries.TheappusedbyNassauandSuffolkcountypubliclibraries,aswellasthecollegelibrary,makestheirhomeworkeasierbyhelpingthemfindresources.Eventhoughtheycan’talwayseasilyvisittheirlocallibraries,thelibraryisalwayswiththem.8.Whydoestheauthorconsiderherselfluckytoday?A.Shehasbeehermother’sbestfriend.B.Shehasaccesstoareliablecarnow.C.Shecanmeetfriendsatthelibrary.D.Shelivesclosetolibraries.9.Whatdidtheauthordoatthelibraryaccordingtothepassage?A.Shetoldstoriestohermother. B.SheinitiallyreadJudyBlumenovels.C.Shegothercurrentteachingjob. D.Shelearnedhowtogoonline.10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoherstudents’wayofvisitinglibraries?A.Cautious. B.Ambiguous. C.Favourable. D.Disapproving.11.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A.Toexpresshowlibrarieschange.B.Tointroduceherfavouritelibraries.C.Toexpressherdeepconcernforlibraries.D.Todiscusswhylibrariesareimportant.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了從作者小時(shí)候到成家生子再到工作教書這一路上圖書館的變化?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Today,IamfortunatetolivearoundthecornerfromtheGoldCoastPublicLibraryinGlenHeadandashortwalktotheSeaCliffChildren’sLibrary.(今天，我很幸運(yùn)地住在格倫黑德黃金海岸公共圖書館的拐角處，步行不遠(yuǎn)就能到達(dá)海崖兒童圖書館)”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己很幸運(yùn)是因?yàn)樗〉秒x圖書館很近。故選D。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Sure,thelibraryinFranklinSquarewastheplacewhereIwasintroducedtoJudyBlumenovels.(當(dāng)然，富蘭克林廣場(chǎng)的圖書館是我初次了解朱迪·布魯姆小說(shuō)的地方)”可知，作者最初在圖書館讀到了朱迪·布魯姆的小說(shuō)。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“MystudentsareoftenamazedthattheycancheckoutbooksviatheirsmartphonesandvirtuallyvisitavarietyofLongIslandlibraries.TheappusedbyNassauandSuffolkcountypubliclibraries,aswellasthecollegelibrary,makestheirhomeworkeasierbyhelpingthemfindresources.Eventhoughtheycan’talwayseasilyvisittheirlocallibraries,thelibraryisalwayswiththem.(我的學(xué)生們經(jīng)常感到驚訝的是，他們可以通過智能借書，還可以參觀長(zhǎng)島的各種圖書館。拿騷縣和薩?？丝h公共圖書館以及大學(xué)圖書館使用的應(yīng)用程序通過幫助他們查找資源，使他們的家庭作業(yè)更容易。盡管他們不能總是容易地參觀當(dāng)?shù)氐膱D書館，但圖書館總是與他們同在)”可知，學(xué)生可以使用圖書館的應(yīng)用程序查找資源，幫助做家庭作業(yè)，雖然學(xué)生不能總是容易地去當(dāng)?shù)氐膱D書館，但可以通過訪問虛擬圖書館來(lái)獲取想要的資源。由此可推測(cè)出，作者對(duì)學(xué)生們?cè)L問虛擬圖書館的方式是支持的。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。第一段講述了作者小時(shí)候和媽媽一起去圖書館，作者和母親在給兒童講故事的時(shí)候建立了持久的友誼；第二段講述了作者和兒子經(jīng)常去圖書館見朋友和交朋友，圖書館是一個(gè)社區(qū)；第三段講述了作者在圖書館里閱讀小說(shuō)、注冊(cè)了電子郵箱、在網(wǎng)上查閱資料，這里是作者和朋友歡聚的地方，并且作者他們與那里的圖書館管理員建立了良好的關(guān)系；最后一段講述了作者在大學(xué)教書時(shí)學(xué)生們能夠非常便利地訪問虛擬圖書館。由此可推測(cè)出，本文主要講述了從作者小時(shí)候到成家生子再到工作教書這一路上圖書館的變化。故選A。DIt'snosecretthatinhaling(吸入)smokeisbadforyourlungs.Butnow,scientistsaresuggestingsmokemayalsocarryandspreadinfectiousdiseases.Thetheory,publishedinScienceMagazine,isbasedontheresearchthatfoundwildfiresmokeisfullofthousandsofspeciesofmicroorganisms(微生物).Someofthesemicroorganisms,includingbacteriaandfungalspores(真菌抱子).areknowntocausedisease.Thenewresearchsuggeststhatwhenawildfireburnsplantsoranimalmatteranddisturbssoils,itexposesthousandsofspeciesofbacteriaandfungithatotherwisemightnoteasilybeeairborne.Youmightthinkthehighheatfromfirewouldkilltheseorganisms,butonestudymentionedinthearticlefoundthatsomebacteriaevenmultiplyafterfires.Scientistssaytheorganismsstickwithsmokeparticulates(顆粒物),allowingthemtotravelthousandsofmilesacrosscontinents.Dr.PeterChen,directoroftheDivisionofPulmonaryandCriticalCareMedicineatCedarsSinaiMedicalCenterinLosAngeles,isinterestedinthetheorybutsomewhatskepticalthatthemicroorganismsinsmokewouldactuallycauseinfections.Manybacteriaandfungidon'tcauselunginfections,saysChen,butit'scertainlypossiblethatasignificantnumbercouldworsensymptomsinsomeonewithapreexistinglungcondition."Ialwaysthoughtitwastheparticulatesinsmokethatwerecausingtheseissues,"saysChen."ButwhenIreadthis,Istartedthinking,coulditbethemicroorganismsthatarealsoworseningexistingillnesses?"Whetherthemicroorganismsinsmokeactuallycauseinfectionsorsimplyworsenpotentialrespiratory(呼吸的)issues,thearticleraisesanewhealththreatthatis"certainlyalarming",saysKelseyJack,anassociateprofessorofenvironmentalanddevelopmenteconomics.Thisisespeciallytrueforlowerinepopulations,Jacksays,becausepeoplewithfewerprotectivemeansareoftenmoreexposedtotheenvironment.Ifsmokeisaffectingtheairqualityinacertainarea,thepeoplewhoworkoutside,orwhohavetogototheofficeonfootorbybikewillinhalemoresmokethanthosewhodrive.Butuntilmoreresearchisdone,Chensaysthebestthingpeoplecandoisjustfollowexistingremendationswhenairqualityispoorincludingstayingindoors,keepingwindowsanddoorsclosed,usingHEPAfiltersandrunningairconditioning.12.WhatcanweknowaboutthemicroorganismsfromParagraph2?A.Somecouldreproduceafterfires.B.Theycouldbekilledbyhighheat.C.Theycouldpossiblytravelthroughairbythemselves.D.Somecouldcopythesmokeparticulates.13.HowdomostmicroorganismsaffectpeopleaccordingtoDr.PeterChen?A.Theywillcauselunginfection. B.Theymightworsenlungdiseases.CTheywilldestroylivingenvironments. D.Theymightdamagerespiratorysystems.14.WhyarelowerinepeoplesufferingmorethanothersaccordingtoKelseyJack?A.Theyliveinpoorareas. B.Theydrivetoandfromwork·C.Theyhavesufferedfromlungdisease. D.Theyareexposedtopollutedairmorefrequently.15.WhatdoesChenadvisepeopletodointhelastparagraph?A.Towaitfortheresultsofmoreresearches.B.Toignoretheairqualityandtoworkoutoutdoors.C.Tofollowprevioussuggestionsondealingwithpoorairquality.D.Toavoidusingfiltersandairconditioning.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文?？茖W(xué)家們認(rèn)為煙霧也可能攜帶和傳播傳染病。發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的這一理論基于一項(xiàng)研究，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)野火煙霧中充滿了數(shù)千種微生物。其中一些微生物會(huì)引起疾病?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Youmightthinkthehighheatfromfirewouldkilltheseorganisms,butonestudymentionedinthearticlefoundthatsomebacteriaevenmultiplyafterfires.”（你可能認(rèn)為大火的高溫會(huì)殺死這些生物，但文章中提到的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些細(xì)菌在火災(zāi)后甚至?xí)敝?。）可知，從第二段我們可以了解到有些微生物在火?zāi)后還能再生。故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Manybacteriaandfungidon'tcauselunginfections,saysChen,butit'scertainlypossiblethatasignificantnumbercouldworsensymptomsinsomeonewithapreexistinglungcondition.”（陳教授說(shuō)，許多細(xì)菌和真菌不會(huì)引起肺部感染，但有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的細(xì)菌和真菌可能會(huì)使已有肺部疾病的人的癥狀惡化。）可知，陳彼得博士認(rèn)為大多數(shù)微生物可能會(huì)加重肺部疾病。故選B?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thisisespeciallytrueforlowerinepopulations,Jacksays,becausepeoplewithfewerprotectivemeansareoftenmoreexposedtotheenvironment.”（這對(duì)低收入人群來(lái)說(shuō)尤其如此，杰克說(shuō)，因?yàn)楸Ｗo(hù)手段較少的人往往更容易暴露在環(huán)境中。）可知，煙霧會(huì)傳播疾病這件事對(duì)低收入的人群有更大的影響，是因?yàn)樗麄兏嗟刂苯咏佑|環(huán)境。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butuntilmoreresearchisdone,Chensaysthebestthingpeoplecandoisjustfollowexistingremendationswhenairqualityispoorincludingstayingindoors,keepingwindowsanddoorsclosed,usingHEPAfiltersandrunningairconditioning.”（但在更多的研究完成之前，陳教授說(shuō)，人們能做的最好的事情就是在空氣質(zhì)量差的時(shí)候遵循現(xiàn)有的建議——包括待在室內(nèi)、關(guān)好門窗、使用高效空氣過濾器和開空調(diào)。）可知，Dr.Chen在最后一段建議人們遵循現(xiàn)有的避開惡劣空氣的建議。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。DingNinghaswonmanyawardsduringhertabletenniscareer,includinganOlympicgoldmedalinwomen’stabletennissingles.____16____ShehasstartedanewchapterasagraduatestudentattheDepartmentofPhysicalEducationatPekingUniversity.Usedtobeatabletennisspecialist,Dingnowwantstobeanallrounder.Tomakethathappen,Dingplanstobroadenherstudiesandtalktolikemindedpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.____17____Theworldchampionseemsalittlenervouswhenspeakingaboutherfutureacademiclifebecausesheconsidersitachallenge.“It’sasifyou’dgrownupstudyingandweresuddenlyaskedtoplaytabletennis.____18____evenifyoumayhavecourageandenthusiasmand/viceversa”,shesaid.Thissuddenchangeinherlifeandtheacpanyinguncertaintiesareonlypartofherchallenge—herreputation(名聲)isanother.____19____Itgetshermorehelpandsupportontheonehand,butattractsattentionandhigherexpectationsontheother.Sheisnotonetostepbackfromadversity(逆境)andhasoftensaidthatitisimportanttohaveabraveheart.Asshefacesnewchallengesonheracademicpath,shebelievestherearealwaysmoresolutionsthanproblems.Shehopesthatinthefuture,shecanteachteenagersabouthealthyexercise.____20____Shealsohopesthatherchoicetogobacktocollegewillinspireyoungerathletestoexploreotherpossibilitiesafterretirementandgetgreateropportunities.A.Todayshegivesupbothofthem.B.ForDing,fameisadoubleedgedsword.C.Beinganallrounderopensupnewhorizons.D.SheannouncedherretirementfromthegameonSep.6.E.Thatisnotonlythroughherexperience,butalsothroughtheory.F.Youstillcan’timaginewhatdifficultiesanathletemightexperience.G.Shehasalsochosentostudypsychologybesidestherequiredcourses.【答案】16.D17.G18.F19.B20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員丁寧退役后成為北大的研究生。面對(duì)新的挑戰(zhàn)，丁寧不退縮，她希望未來(lái)能夠教青少年進(jìn)行健康的運(yùn)動(dòng)，并激勵(lì)年輕的運(yùn)動(dòng)員退役后探索其他的可能，獲得更多的機(jī)會(huì)?！?6題詳解】上文“DingNinghaswonmanyawardsduringhertabletenniscareer,includinganOlympicgoldmedalinwomen’stabletennissingles.(丁寧在乒乓球生涯中獲得了許多獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，其中包括奧運(yùn)會(huì)女子乒乓球單打金牌。)”指出丁寧在乒乓球生涯中獲得了許多獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，下文“ShehasstartedanewchapterasagraduatestudentattheDepartmentofPhysicalEducationatPekingUniversity.(作為北京大學(xué)體育系研究生，她開啟了新的篇章)”指出丁寧已經(jīng)開始了新的學(xué)習(xí)生活，這說(shuō)明丁寧已經(jīng)退役，并開始了新的生活，D項(xiàng)“她于9月6日宣布退役”符合。故選D。【17題詳解】上文“Tomakethathappen,Dingplanstobroadenherstudiesandtalktolikemindedpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds(為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，丁計(jì)劃擴(kuò)大她的學(xué)習(xí)范圍，并與來(lái)自不同背景的志同道合的人交談)”指出丁寧為了成為多面手做了很多計(jì)劃，空處承接上文，繼續(xù)介紹丁寧為了成為多面手所做的一些計(jì)劃，G項(xiàng)“除了必修課外，她還選擇學(xué)習(xí)心理學(xué)”符合。故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Theworldchampionseemsalittlenervouswhenspeakingaboutherfutureacademiclifebecausesheconsidersitachallenge.It’sasifyou’dgrownupstudyingandweresuddenlyaskedtoplaytabletennis.(這位世界冠軍在談到她未來(lái)的學(xué)術(shù)生活時(shí)似乎有點(diǎn)緊張，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為這是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)?！斑@就好像你是在學(xué)習(xí)中長(zhǎng)大的，突然被要求打乒乓球一樣?！?”和下文“evenifyoumayhavecourageandenthusiasmand/viceversa(即使您可能有勇氣和熱情，反之亦然)”可知，此處丁寧用反例說(shuō)明一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員退役后學(xué)習(xí)可能會(huì)面臨很多困難，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“你還是無(wú)法想象運(yùn)動(dòng)員會(huì)經(jīng)歷什么困難”符合。故選F?！?9題詳解】上文“Thissuddenchangeinherlifeandtheacpanyinguncertaintiesareonlypartofherchallenge—herreputation(名聲)isanother.(她生活中的突然變化和隨之而來(lái)的不確定性只是她面臨的挑戰(zhàn)的一部分——她的名聲是另一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn))”指出她的名聲給她帶來(lái)挑戰(zhàn)，根據(jù)下文“Itgetshermorehelpandsupportontheonehand,butattractsattentionandhigherexpectationsontheother.(一方面讓她得到更多的幫助和支持，另一方面也吸引了更多的關(guān)注和更高的期望)”可知，名聲有好處也有壞處，是一把雙刃劍，B項(xiàng)“對(duì)于丁來(lái)說(shuō)，名氣是一把雙刃劍”符合，引起下文。故選B?！?0題詳解】上文“Shehopesthatinthefuture,shecanteachteenagersabouthealthyexercise.(她希望將來(lái)能向青少年傳授健康鍛煉知識(shí))”指出丁寧希望未來(lái)能向青少年傳授健康鍛煉知識(shí)，空處承接上文，指出該如何向青少年傳授健康鍛煉知識(shí)，E項(xiàng)“這不僅是通過她的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，而且通過理論”符合，That代指上文“teachteenagersabouthealthyexercise”。故選E。第三部分完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A，B，C，D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Iwasrecentlyinvolvedinabadtrafficaccident.IwasknockedunconsciousbytheimpactsoIdon’t___21___anythingabouttheaccident.Myfirstmemoryisbeinggivenoxygenasthedoctorsandnursestriedto___22___mebacktolife.AsIlayintheemergencyroomIfoundmyself___23___mylifeandthankingGodthatIwasstill___24___.Thegoodnewsisthatnobodyelsewas___25___.Sincethatday,thephysicalrecoveryhasbeen___26___butnotastoughastheemotionalrecovery.I'velearnedalotaboutmyselfandaboutwhatreally___27___inthisworld.Thingsthatarereallyimportantarenot“things”.I’mnotinvincible(無(wú)敵的)andIcannot___28___everythingthathappensinmylife.Ineedtobebetterat___29___thethingsthateintomywaythatIdidn’tplanfor.Assomeonewhowasalwaysina___30___，ittaughtmetoslowdownalittle.Ihavelearnedtoliveeachdayhonestlyand___31___.___32___Icontinuetohealphysicallyandemotionally，Ihaveadifferentopinionon___33___.Whentragedystrikes，youcaneitherletit___34___yourspirit，oruseitasanopportunitytogrow.Ihavechosento___35___fromit.21.A.receive B.remember C.mention D.care22.A.bring B.hit C.pay D.answer23.A.sacrificing B.predicting C.analyzing D.mourning24.A.wealthy B.alive C.optimistic D.healthy25.A.threatened B.informed C.ignored D.hurt26.A.difficult B.smooth C.quick D.stable27.A.works B.happens C.matters D.functions28.A.understand B.control C.identify D.oversee29.A.rejecting B.identifying C.improving D.accepting30.A.hurry B.dilemma C.routine D.mess31.A.fortably B.quietly C.fully D.busily32.A.As B.Before C.Unless D.Although33.A.love B.future C.work D.1ife34.A.1ift B.break C.protect D.show35.A.suffer B.escape C.discover D.learn【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.B25.D26.A27.C28.B29.D30.A31.C32.A33.D34.B35.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要講述了作者因?yàn)閺囊黄饑?yán)重車禍中幸存下來(lái)，于是作者開始分析自己的生活，并對(duì)生活有了新的認(rèn)識(shí)。作者認(rèn)識(shí)到自己并不能控制生活中發(fā)生的每一件事，所以需要更好地接受那些沒有計(jì)劃到的事情。作者從悲劇中學(xué)習(xí)。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我被撞得暈過去了，所以我不記得有關(guān)事故的任何事情。A.receive收到；B.remember記得；C.mention提及；D.care關(guān)心。根據(jù)后文“Myfirstmemoryisbeinggivenoxygen”可知作者不記得車禍時(shí)的事情了。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的第一個(gè)記憶是當(dāng)醫(yī)生和護(hù)士們?cè)噲D把我救活的時(shí)候，給我吸氧。A.bring帶來(lái)；B.hit打擊；C.pay支付；D.answer回答。根據(jù)后文“mebacktolife”可知此處為短語(yǔ)bringsb.backtolife，指護(hù)士和醫(yī)生試圖救活作者。故選A。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我躺在急診室時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在分析自己的生活，感謝上帝我還活著。A.sacrificing犧牲；B.predicting預(yù)測(cè)；C.analyzing分析；D.mourning哀悼。根據(jù)后文“mylife”以及后文作者的感悟，可知作者躺在急診室里分析自己的生活，其他選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我躺在急診室時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在分析自己的生活，感謝上帝我還活著。A.wealthy富有的；B.alive活著的；C.optimistic樂觀的；D.healthy健康的。根據(jù)上文“thankingGodthatIwasstill”可知，作者還活著所以感謝上帝。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：好消息是沒有其他人受傷。A.threatened威脅；B.informed通知；C.ignored忽略；D.hurt受傷。根據(jù)上文“Thegoodnews”可推知事故中沒有其他人受傷。故選D。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：從那天起，身體的恢復(fù)就變得很困難，但不像情緒的恢復(fù)那么艱難。A.difficult困難的；B.smooth順利的；C.quick快速的；D.stable穩(wěn)定的。結(jié)合后文“butnotastoughastheemotionalrecovery”可知作者的身體恢復(fù)很困難。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我對(duì)自己有了很多了解，也了解了這個(gè)世界上什么才是真正重要的。A.works工作；B.happens發(fā)生；C.matters重要；D.functions運(yùn)行。根據(jù)后文“Thingsthatarereallyimportant”可知此處指世界上什么才是真正重要的。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我不是不可戰(zhàn)勝的，我不能控制生活中發(fā)生的每一件事。A.understand理解；B.control控制；C.identify識(shí)別；D.oversee監(jiān)督。結(jié)合后文“thethingsthateintomywaythatIdidn’tplanfor”可知此處指作者不能控制生活中發(fā)生的每一件事。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我需要更好地接受那些我沒有計(jì)劃到的事情。A.rejecting拒絕；B.identifying識(shí)別；C.improving改善；D.accepting接受。根據(jù)后文“thethingsthateintomywaythatIdidn’tplanfor”可知作者無(wú)法控制那些意外，因此只能接受這些事情。故選D。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一個(gè)總是匆匆忙忙的人，它教會(huì)了我放慢腳步。A.hurry匆忙；B.dilemma困境；C.routine常規(guī)；D.mess混亂。根據(jù)后文“ittaughtmetoslowdownalittle”可推知作者之前是一個(gè)總是匆匆忙忙的人。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我學(xué)會(huì)了誠(chéng)實(shí)而充實(shí)地過好每一天。A.fortably舒服地；B.quietly安靜地；C.fully充實(shí)地；D.busily忙碌地。結(jié)合上文“Ihavelearnedtoliveeachdayhonestlyand”可知作者從車禍中學(xué)到了要誠(chéng)實(shí)而充實(shí)地過好每一天。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著我身體上和情感上的創(chuàng)傷不斷愈合，我對(duì)生活有了不同的看法。A.As隨著；B.Before在……之前；C.Unless除非；D.Although雖然。根據(jù)后文“Icontinuetohealphysicallyandemotionally”可知引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“隨著”應(yīng)用as。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著我身體上和情感上的創(chuàng)傷不斷愈合，我對(duì)生活有了不同的看法。A.love愛；B.future未來(lái)；C.work工作；D.life生活。根據(jù)上文中“everythingthathappensinmylife”可知，指作者對(duì)了生活有了不同的看法。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)悲劇來(lái)襲時(shí)，你要么讓它摧毀你的精神，要么把它當(dāng)作一個(gè)成長(zhǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)。A.lift舉起；B.break破壞，打破；C.protect保護(hù)；D.show展示。根據(jù)上文中“notastoughastheemotionalrecovery”以及后文“yourspirit”可知，此處指悲劇摧毀一個(gè)人的精神應(yīng)用break。故選B。【35題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我選擇了從中學(xué)習(xí)。A.suffer遭受；B.escape逃跑；C.discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.learn學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)上一段中“ittaughtmetoslowdownalittle.Ihavelearnedtoliveeachdayhonestlyand”可知作者從悲劇中學(xué)習(xí)。故選D。第Ⅱ卷第四部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用第一節(jié)單詞拼寫（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示或首字母提示寫出正確的單詞36.Thesetree________(根)cancausedamagetobuildings.（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫）【答案】roots【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：這些樹根可以對(duì)建筑物造成損害?！案睘槊~root，作主語(yǔ)，由these可知，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)故填roots。37.Theartisthasd________allhislifetoart.（根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）【答案】devoted##evoted【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：這位藝術(shù)家把他的一生都獻(xiàn)給了藝術(shù)。根據(jù)句意和首字母可知，此處表示“致力于”為動(dòng)詞devote，由句意和has可知，此處應(yīng)用過去分詞形式與has構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填devoted。38.ZhangHengwasoneofthebestknownChinese________(天文學(xué)家).（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫）【答案】astronomers【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：張衡是中國(guó)最著名的天文學(xué)家之一。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，這里應(yīng)用astronomer，為可數(shù)名詞。前面有oneof，所以這里應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填astronomers。39.It’sasimpledishwhichc________mainlyofriceandvegetables.（根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）【答案】consisits##onsists【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：這是一道簡(jiǎn)單的菜肴，主要由米飯和蔬菜組成。此處在which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中作謂語(yǔ)，由句意和首字母可知，此處表示“由……組成”，為動(dòng)詞consist，which代指先行詞dish，為單數(shù)，且句子描述一般性事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用三單形式，故填consists。40.Hedescribed________(生動(dòng)地)whathesawintheancien