2025版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)真題精練專題四語法填空熱考主題3社會熱點課件

熱考主題3社會熱點

Cloze1話題：體重指數(shù)升高主題語境：人與社會詞數(shù)：約195

難度：★★★★☆[2021年1月浙江卷]Inastudyof33yearsoftrendsinBodyMassIndex(體重指數(shù))across200countries,thescientistsfoundthatpeopleworldwidearegettingheavier1thatmostoftheriseisduetogainsinBMIinruralareas.

BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool2givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.Itiscalculatedbydividinga3(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and254(consider)healthy.

Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017,averageruralBMIincreased52.1inwomenandmen.Incities,however,thegain6(be)1.3inwomenand1.6inmen.Theresearchersdescribed"strikingchanges"inthegeographyofBMI.In1985,urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountries7(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.But30yearslater,theBMIdifferencebetweenurbanandruralpeopleinmanycountrieshadnarrowed8(sharp).

Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople9(live)inthecountryside,including10(low)levelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.

【解析】一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，世界各地的人們體重增加了，這一增長主要是因為鄉(xiāng)村居民體重指數(shù)升高了。1.and并列連詞分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用and連接兩個并列的賓語從句，作found的賓語。2.that/which定語從句分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是tool，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，故用that/which。3.person’s名詞所有格空前是a，空后是名詞weight，此處表示"一個人的體重"，故用所給詞的所有格形式。4.isconsidered時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致此處表述現(xiàn)在的客觀情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時；主語aBMI表示單數(shù)意義，與consider之間是被動關(guān)系，故用isconsidered。5.by介詞此處表示升高的幅度，故用介詞by。6.was時態(tài)根據(jù)前面所用的一般過去時可知，此處同樣也在描述過去的情況，故用一般過去時。7.studied非謂語動詞句中已經(jīng)有謂語動詞had了，故本空是非謂語動詞作后置定語。study"研究"與被修飾詞countries是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。8.sharply副詞空處修飾動詞，故用副詞sharply"急劇地，大幅度地"。9.living非謂語動詞分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作定語修飾people，live與people是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。10.lower形容詞的比較級根據(jù)后面的"higher""fewer"可知，此處也用形容詞比較級，故填lower。Cloze2話題：圖書《數(shù)碼世界》主題語境：人與社會詞數(shù)：約180

難度：★★★★☆[2020新高考Ⅱ卷]Thesedays,itisnotunusualfor10-to12-year-oldstopublishtheirownwebsitesorforsecondandthirdgraders1(begin)computerclasses.Atthesametime,computergamesarebecomingincreasinglypopularasmajorpublishinghousescontinuetodevelop2(education)computerprogramsforchildreninpreschool.Also,technologicalknow-howhasbecomea3____________(require)formostjobsinanincreasinglydigitalworld,asthecomputerhasbecomeacommontoolinmost4(profession).

TheDigitalWorldisasetofvolumes5aimtodescribehowdigitalsystemsinfluencesocietyandhelpreadersunderstandthenatureofdigitalsystemsandtheirmanyinteractingparts.Eachvolumeinthesetexplores6widerangeofmaterials,explainsthebasicconceptsofmajorapplicationsofdigitalsystems,7discussestheinfluencestheyhaveoneverydaylife.Becausethenumberofpossibletopics8(be)practicallylimitless,wefocusonasampleofthemostinterestingandusefulapplicationsandtoolsandexplainthebasicprinciplesoftechnology.Readers9____________(encourage)tocontinueexploringthedigitalworldwiththeguidanceof10(we)FurtherResourcessectionfeaturedineachvolume.

【解析】近年來電腦教育越來越低齡化，《數(shù)碼世界》旨在展現(xiàn)數(shù)碼系統(tǒng)對社會的影響，幫助讀者了解數(shù)碼系統(tǒng)的本質(zhì)和它們之間相互影響的部分。1.tobegin非謂語動詞分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查"itis+形容詞+forsb.+todosth."，所以空處應(yīng)該填tobegin。2.educational詞形轉(zhuǎn)換分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處修飾空后的名詞短語computerprograms，需要用形容詞，所以空處應(yīng)該填educational。3.requirement詞形轉(zhuǎn)換根據(jù)空前的a和空后的for可知，空處需要一個名詞，所以填requirement。4.professions名詞復(fù)數(shù)profession表示"行業(yè)，職業(yè)"，是一個可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)空前的most可知，空處需要用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，所以應(yīng)該填professions。5.that/which關(guān)系詞分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為表示物的名詞短語asetofvolumes，關(guān)系詞在從句中充當主語，所以關(guān)系詞用that/which。6.a冠詞awiderangeof為固定表達，意為"廣泛的，大范圍的"，所以空處填a。7.and連詞分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的謂語動詞explores，explains和discusses是并列的，所以空處應(yīng)該填并列連詞and。8.is時態(tài)和主謂一致根據(jù)語境可知，此處時態(tài)應(yīng)該為一般現(xiàn)在時；短語thenumberof...作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)，所以空處填is。9.areencouraged時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作謂語。根據(jù)整篇文章的時態(tài)可知，本句需要用一般現(xiàn)在時；再根據(jù)句意"讀者被鼓勵去繼續(xù)探索數(shù)字世界"可知，用被動語態(tài)；主語Readers為復(fù)數(shù)，所以填areencouraged。10.our人稱代詞分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾后面的名詞短語FurtherResourcessection，需要用形容詞性物主代詞，所以填our。Cloze3話題："嫦娥四號"登月主題語境：人與社會詞數(shù)：約195

難度：★★★★☆[2020全國Ⅰ卷]Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—1____________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis2____________(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot3itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular4(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),moreso5thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-46(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin."Thisreallyexcitesscientists,"CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,"becauseit7(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon8____________(construct)."Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashow9iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether10(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.

【解析】中國是第一個登上月球背面的國家。1.touched動詞時態(tài)句中有時間狀語lastweek，故用一般過去時。2.extremely形容詞變副詞副詞extremely修飾后面的形容詞challenging。3.where定語從句先行詞是spot，后跟定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where。4.interest名詞句中含有"be+of+名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)，beofparticularinterest=beparticularlyinteresting，故填名詞interest?！局R拓展】

英語中的"be+of+名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)相當于"be+形容詞"，描述主語的特征或性質(zhì)。常用于這個結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞有benefit，importance，interest，help，use，significance，value等。5.than連詞本句中含有more，空格后為比較對象，因此本空應(yīng)填than。6.tofind非謂語動詞句中的動詞不定式短語tofindandstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin作狀語，表目的。7.means時態(tài)和主謂一致根據(jù)上下文時態(tài)可知，本句也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是it，故謂語動詞用means。8.isconstructed時態(tài)和語態(tài)此處表示"月球是如何構(gòu)成的"，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，且此處描述的是客觀情況，故填isconstructed。construct"建造，構(gòu)建"。9.much固定用法howmuch"多少"，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。10.its代詞此處表示"它的計劃"，故用形容詞性物主代詞its。Cloze4話題：世界老齡化現(xiàn)象主題語境：人與社會詞數(shù)：約200

難度：★★★★☆國際視野[2020年1月浙江卷]Somethingsignificantishappeningtotheworldpopulation—itisaging.Themedian(中位數(shù)的)ageofanAmericanin19501(be)30—todayitis41andisexpected2____________(increase)to42by2050.ForJapan,the3(number)aremorestriking—22in1950,46todayand53in2050.In2015,onein12peoplearoundtheworldwereover65;by2050,itwillbeoneinsix.

Thisagingofthepopulationisdriven4twofactors.Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge5(compare)toyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulationbecomes6(old)thanbefore.Thisis7(particular)trueintheUS.Thesecondreasonisthatpeoplearelivinglonger.AchildbornintheUStodayhas8veryrealisticchanceoflivingbeyond100andneedstoplanaccordingly.

Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshould9(place)onlongevity(長壽).Itisn’tjustthatpeopleare,onaverage,livinglonger.It’salsothattheyareonaveragehealthier10moreproductiveforlon