定語從句學(xué)案

定語從句知識(shí)應(yīng)該掌握到什么程度?Learningaims:1.關(guān)系副詞where/when/why引導(dǎo)的定語從句2.介詞+which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句在定語從句中，關(guān)系副詞主要有3個(gè)：when,where和why.1）when在定語從句中表時(shí)間，作狀語，其先行詞往往是表示時(shí)間的名詞，如：time,day,season,age,occasion等。Ican’tforgetthenightwhenIcametothefarm.翻譯：__________________________________________________2)where在定語從句中表示地點(diǎn)，作狀語，其先行詞通常是place,city,town,factory,table,village,house等表示地點(diǎn)的名詞situation,case,condition,point等表示抽象意義的名詞。Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.翻譯：____________________________________________________Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.翻譯：____________________________________________________3)why在定語從句中表示原因，作狀語，先行詞一般是reason.ThatisthereasonwhyIdidso.翻譯：___________________________Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.翻譯：_____________________________________________________【注意】1)并非先行詞表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞就用when,where或why;若定語從句中不缺狀語而缺主語或賓語則須用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。I’llneverforgetthedays______weworkedtogether.I’llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.Doyouknowthereason______hefailedintheexamthistime?Thereason_____hegavemewasreasonable.2)when,where,why,引導(dǎo)的定語從句可用“介詞+which”來替換。其介詞可根據(jù)先行詞和定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞來判斷。when相當(dāng)于at/in/on/during等+which.ThedateonwhichhejoinedthePartywasJuly1，1984.翻譯：where相當(dāng)于at/in/on/等+whichThehouseinwhichhelivedisalibrarynow.翻譯：why相當(dāng)于for+which.Isthatthereasonforwhichhewasabsentfromclass?翻譯：2.介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which,whom）引導(dǎo)的定語從句1)介詞+which在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因狀語，相當(dāng)于when,where,why.(上邊已經(jīng)講述)2)介詞+which/whom,關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語，這是我們學(xué)習(xí)定語從句的重點(diǎn)，也是高考的?？键c(diǎn)。which指物，whom指人。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞的選擇非常關(guān)鍵,可根據(jù)定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞來選擇介詞。也可根據(jù)從句的相關(guān)動(dòng)詞來選用。ThisistheprofessorfromwhomIhavelearntalot.翻譯：HaveyouseethepenwithwhichIwritemyhomework.翻譯：Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.翻譯：【注意】在日常英語中通常把介詞放在從句的句末，省略關(guān)系詞which/whomThisistheprofessor(whom/that)Ihavelearnedalotfrom.Thisisthecamera(which/that)heoftentakesphotoswith.【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】1）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，介詞的選取必須遵循“一先；二動(dòng)；三意義”的原則。即：a.根據(jù)先行詞的搭配而定；b.根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配而定；c.根據(jù)整句話的意義而定。2)介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，介詞的選擇應(yīng)注意幾個(gè)問題：a.有的介詞時(shí)定語從句中詞組的固定搭配拆開的結(jié)果，用什么介詞由從句的動(dòng)詞決定。Heistheboywho/whomIwastalkingto.=HeistheboytowhomIwastalking.翻譯：