高二英語北師大版必修五教學(xué)案UNIT13SECTION2

Ⅰ.根據(jù)詞性及漢語提示寫出單詞1．tearn．眼淚vt.撕開，撕破2．upsetadj.不安的，不快的v.打翻，使心煩意亂3．sheltervt.躲避4．personalityn．個(gè)性，性格→personaladj.個(gè)人的，私人的5．independentadj.獨(dú)立的→independencen．獨(dú)立6．selfishadj.自私的→selfn．自己，自我7.sharpadj.鋒利的；敏銳的；尖的→sharpenvt.使敏銳；削尖8．desiren．渴望，欲望→desirableadj.值得的，令人滿意的；性感的9．requirementn．要求→requirevt.要求10．a(chǎn)boardprep.在(上)船(飛機(jī)、火車、公共汽車)上→boardvt.上(船、火車、公共汽車、飛機(jī)等)11．a(chǎn)ssistantn．助手，助理→assistv．幫助；協(xié)助→assistancen．幫助，援助12．reliefn．減輕，寬慰→relievevt.解除；消除；減輕13．scholarn．學(xué)者→scholarshipn．獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金14．satisfactionn．滿意，滿足Ⅱ.補(bǔ)全短語1．dealwith處理；涉及2．careabout擔(dān)心，關(guān)心3．byoneself獨(dú)自地，單獨(dú)地4．giveup放棄5．usedtodosth.過去常常做某事6．makeadecision決定下來，作出決定；下決心7．bepatientwith對(duì)……有耐心8．sincethen自那時(shí)起9．getlost迷路10．a(chǎn)tthemoment目前11．earnmoney賺錢12．a(chǎn)setof...一副，一套，一組13．fallbehind落在……的后面1．I'vejustseenIanholdingabunchofflowersandwalkingintoarestaurant.我剛看見伊恩拿著一束鮮花走進(jìn)了一家飯店。[句式分析]holding...andwalking...作賓語Ian的補(bǔ)語。seesb.doingsth.“看到某人做某事”。[佳句賞析]昨天我聽到他在臥室里低聲唱Ylvis的神曲《狐貍叫》。IheardhimsingingTheFoxbyYlvisyesterdayinthebedroom.2．Itreallymakesmemad.它真的使我瘋狂了。[句式分析]該句為形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示賓語的一種狀態(tài)。[佳句賞析]我覺得《美人魚》這部電影很有教育意義。IfindthefilmTheMermaidveryinstructive.3．Theirfriendsarereallyupsetandhavebeenwaitinganxiouslyformorenews.他們的朋友非常不安，一直在焦急地等待更多消息。[句式分析]havebeendoing為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，且到現(xiàn)在仍在進(jìn)行之中。[佳句賞析]天一連下了好幾天雨了。Ithasbeenrainingfordays.4．Ortheycouldhavegoneexploringontheirownandlosttheirwaybacktothegroup.或者他們有可能自己去探險(xiǎn)，然后在返回團(tuán)隊(duì)的途中迷路。[句式分析]句中的couldhavedone是對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)，表示“過去可能做過某事”。[佳句賞析]他可能已經(jīng)走了好幾天了。Hecouldhavebeenawayfordays.考點(diǎn)1independentadj.獨(dú)立的，自主的；不相關(guān)聯(lián)的，不受影響的；有主見的[教材原句]Someoneindependentisabletodothingsbythemselvesandintheirownway.獨(dú)立自主的人能夠用他們的方式獨(dú)立完成(很多)事情。(1)beindependentfrom/of脫離……；不受……的影響(2)independencen.獨(dú)立，自主，自立(后常接介詞from)dependentadj.依靠的，取決于……的，隸屬的(后常跟介詞on)bedependenton/upon依靠，依賴(3)dependv.依靠，信賴；決定于dependon依靠；信賴；取決于Itdepends.那得視情況而定。Goingawaytocollegehasmadememuchmoreindependent.離家上大學(xué)使我變得更加獨(dú)立自主了。Thecookingtimeneededisdependentonthesizeofthepotato.所需的烹飪時(shí)間取決于土豆的大小。Sheusedtodependonherparents,butnowsheisindependent(depend)ofthem.她從前常依賴于她的父母，但現(xiàn)在她獨(dú)立了。1．介詞填空①Teacherstellustobeindependentof/fromourparents.②Hedependedon/uponhiswritingforhisincome.③Itishardforthosewhoaredependenton/uponotherstobeleaders.2．用depend的適當(dāng)形式填空④Afteryearsofstruggling,thecountrygotindependencefinally.⑤Theindependentroleofthepolicemustneverbecompromised.⑥TheyoungareoftendependentontheirparentsinChina.考點(diǎn)2desiren.&v．渴望，欲望；想要，意欲，希望；要求，請(qǐng)求[教材原句]Tourguidesneedtobeindependent,outgoingandhaveadesiretoshareinformation.導(dǎo)游需要獨(dú)立、外向并且有分享信息的渴望。(1)haveastrongdesiretodosth.迫切想做某事forsth.急于想得到某物(2)desiretodosth.渴望做某事desirethat...(should)...渴望……Theyseemtohaveastrongdesireforknowledge.看起來他們對(duì)知識(shí)充滿了強(qiáng)烈的渴望。Shedesirestobecomeanexcellentdoctor.她渴望成為一名優(yōu)秀醫(yī)生。Thepeopleexpressedtheirdesirethatthewar(should)_come(come)toanendsoon.人們表達(dá)了早日結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭的愿望。[名師指津]desire跟賓語從句時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣，其形式為：(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形。用法相同的動(dòng)詞還有：suggest,order,demand,require,advise等。1．句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Idesiredtobeemployedbythatcompany.→IdesiredthatIshouldbeemployedbythatcompany.2．完成句子②我們都渴望健康和幸福。Wealldesire_health_and_happiness.③很少人想住在這個(gè)國家的北方。Fewpeopledesire_to_live_in_the_north_ofthecountry.④他希望我們能贏得這場(chǎng)比賽。Hedesiredthat_we__(should)_win_the_game.考點(diǎn)3satisfactionn．滿意，滿足(1)toone'ssatisfaction使某人滿意的是withsatisfaction滿意地befarfromsatisfaction令人很不滿意，遠(yuǎn)非令人滿意(2)satisfyvt.使?jié)M意，使高興besatisfiedwith對(duì)……感到滿意Tooursatisfaction,theproblemsweresolved.令我們滿意的是，這些問題得到了解決。Theteacherwassatisfiedwithyourdiligenceandprogress.老師對(duì)你的勤奮和進(jìn)步感到滿意。[語境串記]Shefeltsatisfiedwithhissatisfyingsolutiontotheproblem.她對(duì)他的令人滿意的解決問題的方法感到滿意。[名師指津]satisfaction意為“滿意，滿足”時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞；意為“快事，樂事”時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞。1．用satisfy的適當(dāng)形式填空①Theresultofhistestseemedtobesatisfying.②Iwasnotsatisfiedwithwhathedid.③Iexpressedmysatisfactionwiththedress.④Wejustcan'tfindenoughgoodsecond-handcarstosatisfydemands.2．完成句子⑤你對(duì)這個(gè)問題的回答遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能令人滿意。Youranswertothequestionisfar_from_satisfaction.考點(diǎn)4requirementn．要求[教材原句]Canyouthinkofanyjobswherethisisn'tarequirement?你能想出其他不把這點(diǎn)作為必要條件的工作嗎？(1)meetarequirement符合要求(2)requirevt.需要，要求require(sth.)ofsb.對(duì)某人有……要求requiresb.todosth.要求某人做某事requirethat...(should)...要求……(從句用虛擬語氣)(sth.)requiredoing＝(sth.)requiretobedone(某事)需要(被)做Theminimumrequirementforthepostisadegreeinengineering.這個(gè)職位的最低要求是要有工程學(xué)學(xué)位。Yourrequirementthatshewaittillnextweekisreasonable.你要求她等到下周是有道理的。Allthepassengersarerequiredtoshowtheirticketsbeforetheyboardtheplane.所有乘客在登機(jī)前都要出示機(jī)票。Pollutionissuchaproblemthatitrequirestaking/to_be_taken(take)seriously.污染問題成為一個(gè)需要嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待的問題了。1．句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Theschoolrequiresallthestudentstoweartheirschooluniforms.→Theschoolrequiresthatallthestudentsshouldweartheirschooluniforms.②Thetreesthatwereplantedyesterdayrequirewatering.→Thetreesthatwereplantedyesterdayrequiretobewatered.2．完成句子③不符合這些要求的考生不能上這所大學(xué)。Candidateswhofailtosatisfy/meet_these_requirementswillnotbeadmittedtotheuniversity.④他非常清楚要做什么。Heknowsexactlywhat_is_required_of_him.考點(diǎn)5aboardprep.&adv.在船(飛機(jī)、火車、公共汽車等)上；上(船、飛機(jī)、公共汽車、火車等)[教材原句]Ifeelthatairlinesshouldnotallownew-bornbabiesaboardtheirlongdistanceflights.我認(rèn)為航空公司不應(yīng)該讓新生兒乘坐他們的長途航班。goaboardthebus/train/ship/plane上汽車/火車/輪船/飛機(jī)allaboardfor...去……的乘客請(qǐng)上船/車/飛機(jī)Welcomeaboard!歡迎乘坐(車、船、飛機(jī))!Thepassengersareallaboardtheship.旅客全都上了船。AllaboardforBeijing!Thetrainisleaving.去北京的乘客請(qǐng)上車！列車就要出發(fā)了。[辨析比較]aboardprep.&adv.在火車(船、飛機(jī)等)上；上火車(船、飛機(jī)等)abroadadv.在國外，到國外boardv.上火車(船、飛機(jī)等)；寄宿n．木板；甲板；膳食(費(fèi))；董事會(huì)broadadj.廣闊的；寬闊的，廣泛的；概括的[語境串記]Hewentaboardtheplaneandjustafewhourslaterhearrivedabroad—farawayfromhisparents.他上了飛機(jī)，僅幾小時(shí)以后就到了國外——遠(yuǎn)離家中的父母了。1．選詞填空：aboard,abroad,board,broad①TomandMarydecidedtostudyabroad.TomwillboardtheplaneandMarywillgoaboardtheship.Afterarrivingtheretheywillboardwiththeirfriend.Whilefree,theywillvisitthebroadstreetsandhighbuildings.2．句型轉(zhuǎn)換②Allthepassengersontheshipfellintotheriver.→Allthepassengersaboardfellintotheriver.③It'stimefortheplanetotakeoff.Pleasegetonit.→Theplaneistakingoff.Allaboardplease.考點(diǎn)6dealwith對(duì)待，對(duì)付；處理(事務(wù))；與……相關(guān)，涉及；與……做買賣[教材原句]...whoissurethatheorshecandosomethingordealwithasituationsuccessfully.……他/她有把握成功地做好某事或應(yīng)對(duì)困境。That's/It'sadeal！就這么辦；(交易)成交！makeadealwithsb.與某人做成一筆交易Thatmaniseasytodealwith.那個(gè)人很容易對(duì)付。Idon'tknowhowtodealwithsuchaproblem.我不知道如何處理這樣的難題。Keepitasecret,becauseitdealswithourpersonalprivacy.對(duì)這件事要保密，因?yàn)樗婕拔覀兊膫€(gè)人隱私?！癟hat'sadeal！”saidtheboss,closinghisnote.“就這么辦！”老板合上筆記本說道。[辨析比較]dealwithdeal是不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“如何處理”時(shí)，與how搭配dowithdowith中的do是及物動(dòng)詞，表示“如何處理”時(shí)，與what搭配1．選詞填空：dealwith,dowith①Idon'tknowhowtheydeal_withtheproblem.②Thisisabookdealing_withAsianproblems.③Hedidn'tknowwhattodo_withthepropertyhisfatherhadleft.2．完成句子④這些信件你已處理了嗎？Have_you_dealt_withtheselettersyet?⑤就如何解決這個(gè)分歧我將和你達(dá)成協(xié)議。I'll_make__a___deal_withyouonhowtosolvethedisagreement.考點(diǎn)7careabout關(guān)心，在乎[教材原句]Selfishpeoplewouldcareonlyaboutthemselvesandnotaboutotherpeople.自私的人只會(huì)關(guān)心自己而不關(guān)心他人。(1)carefor照顧，照料(＝takecareof)；喜好；愿意(用于否定句、疑問句)(2)takecare當(dāng)心，小心，注意withcare仔細(xì)地，認(rèn)真地Shedoesn'tcareaboutmoney.她不看重金錢。Idon'tcarewhattheysay.Ishallgoonjustthesame.我不管他們說什么，我將照樣干下去。Hecaredforsickanimalswhenheworkedinthezoo.他在動(dòng)物園工作時(shí)，照料生病的動(dòng)物。Idon'tcaremuchforPekingOpera.我不太喜歡京劇。Dangerahead.Takecare!前面危險(xiǎn)。當(dāng)心！介詞填空①Wendycareslittleabouthersalary,becauseshecaresforthechildrenandlikestostaywiththem.②Weshouldalsocareaboutthechildrenfromtheearthquake-strickenareaafterwhatseemedtohavereturnedtonormal.③Whentraveling,youmusttakecareofyourhealth.考點(diǎn)8giveup放棄；戒掉；停止[教材原句]Theymustnevergiveup.他們必須永不放棄。giveupsth.tosb.把某物讓給某人giveout分發(fā)；用完；耗盡；精疲力竭giveoff放出；散發(fā)出(氣味、光等)givein投降，屈服，讓步；遞交，呈遞giveaway分發(fā)；贈(zèng)送；泄露givewayto讓路；讓步Ihavegivenupexpectinghimtochange.我已經(jīng)不指望他會(huì)改變了。[名師指津]giveup既可以作及物動(dòng)詞短語，也可以作不及物動(dòng)詞短語。作及物動(dòng)詞短語時(shí)，后接n.或v.-ing；作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示“放棄努力”。Herefusedtogivethedocumentup,evenunderpressure.即使受到壓力，他仍拒絕交出文件。BillGatesdecidedtogiveawayninetypercentofhismoneytocharities.比爾蓋茨決定把他百分之九十的錢捐給慈善事業(yè)。Thisfiredoesn'tseemtobegivingoffmuchheat.這火好像不太熱。Thenaturalresourceswillgiveoutifnotusedproperly.如果不適度使用的話，自然資源將會(huì)被用盡。用give短語的適當(dāng)形式填空①Alotofmengive_upwearinghats.②Thedustmensaidtheywouldnotstopthestrikeuntilthegovernmentgave_intothem.③Theseplanetsdonotgive_offlightoftheirown.④Ifwegive_way_tohim,hewillonlymakefurtherdemands.⑤Hesaidhehadn'ttoldher,buthisfacegavehimselfaway.考點(diǎn)9tearn．&vt.眼淚；撕裂，撕掉[教材原句]Isawshehadtearsrunningdownhercheeksatlunchtodayandoneoftheotherteachersgaveherahug.今天吃午飯時(shí)我看見眼淚從她的臉頰上流了下來，另外的一位老師擁抱了她。(1)intears流著淚，在哭著burstintotears大哭起來(2)tearup撕毀，撕成碎片tearoneselfawayfrom勉強(qiáng)離開，忍痛離開teardown扯下；拆毀tearapart撕開；拆散tearsth.open把某物撕開tearsth.intopieces把某物撕成碎片Shetoretheclothbutcouldn'ttearit.她撕扯那塊布，但卻沒能撕開。Herheartwastornbyanxiety.她焦慮得心都快碎了。Shewasintearsoverthedeathofherpuppy.她因小狗死去而哭泣。Dotearyourselfawayfromthetelevisionandcomeoutforawalk.你別舍不得離開電視了，出去散散步吧。[名師指津]tear作名詞時(shí)讀[tI?]，作動(dòng)詞時(shí)讀[t?]。動(dòng)詞過去式、過去分詞分別為tore,torn。介、副詞填空①Hearingthenews,heburstintotears.②Shesmiledandfoldedtheletter,intendingtotearitupandthrowitoutofthewindow.③Thelittlegirllookedatthedollandcouldn'ttearherselfaway.④ThefirsttimeIsawher,shewasintears.⑤Theoldhouseshavebeentorndown.考點(diǎn)10upsetadj.&vt.不安的，不快的；使(某人)苦惱或心煩；打翻；打亂(計(jì)劃等)[教材原句]Theirfriendsarereallyupsetandhavebeenwaitinganxiouslyformorenews.他們的朋友非常的不安，一直在焦急地等著更多的消息。beupsetabout/over/by/atsth.為某事而苦惱beupsetthat...對(duì)……苦惱upsetsb./oneself使某人/自己感到不安Thereisnoneedtogetupsetaboutthat.不必為此不安。Don'tupsetyourself(you)—noharmhasbeendone.不要感到不安——并沒有造成傷害。Theplanwasupsetbythechangeoftheweather.計(jì)劃因天氣變化而被擾亂了。Shewasupsetthathehadleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.他的不辭而別使她感到不快。[辨析比較]upset指對(duì)某事的發(fā)生感到“不快、心煩意亂”。與about搭配anxious指由于擔(dān)心某事發(fā)生而感到“焦慮、焦急”，后接about或不定式eager對(duì)某事的熱切“期盼”和“渴望”，后接for或不定式nervous指對(duì)某事的發(fā)生感到“害怕、緊張不安”，與about搭配1．選詞填空：upset,anxious,eager,nervous①Hewasveryupsetwhenhefailedintheexam.②I'malwaysnervouswhentheteacherasksmetoansweraquestion.③Theoldmanwasanxioustoknowthenewsfromthebattlefield.④Aftergraduation,hewaseagertojointhearmy.2．完成句子⑤Ihopethesuddenchangeofclimatewill_not_upset_you(不會(huì)對(duì)你有什么影響)．⑥Theheavyfogupset_our_plan(打亂了我們的計(jì)劃)forthetrip.考點(diǎn)11reliefn．減輕，寬慰；救濟(jì)；救濟(jì)品[教材原句]It'llbearealreliefwhenthey'refound.找到他們是真正的慰藉。(1)withrelief(＝inrelief)欣慰地，如釋重負(fù)地Itisarelieftodosth.做……是讓人欣慰toone'srelief令某人欣慰的是(2)relievev.減輕；解除；救援relieveone'sfeelings發(fā)泄感情relievesb.ofsth.解除某人的(負(fù)擔(dān)、責(zé)任等)；盜竊某人某物Shesighedwithreliefwhensheheardthegoodnews.聽到這個(gè)好消息時(shí)，她寬慰地松了一口氣。It'sareliefto_know(know)thateveryoneissafe.知道大家都平安無恙后，真讓人松了一口氣。Totheirrelief,theyhadfoundtheirlostchild.令他們欣慰的是，他們找到了他們丟失的孩子。Thenewroadrelievestrafficjamsinourcitycentre.新道路緩解了我們市中心的交通阻塞情況。Hewasrelievedofhisposition.他被解除了職務(wù)。1．用relief的適當(dāng)形式填空①Hesmokedfrequentlytorelievenervoustension.②Toourrelief,_wefoundtheyweresafe.2．完成句子③Myassistantrelieved_me_of(使我解除了)allthepaperwork.④It_is_a_relief(讓人欣慰的是)toseethatmycarwasn'tdamaged.考點(diǎn)12sheltervi.&vt.&n．躲避；保護(hù)，掩蔽，庇護(hù)；避難所[教材原句]Theymightbeshelteringinacave.他們可能正在山洞中躲避。(1)take/seekshelterfrom...躲避……undertheshelterof...在……的庇護(hù)下(2)shelterfrom...躲避……sheltersb.from...保護(hù)/庇護(hù)某人以避開……InthestormItookshelterinabarn.暴風(fēng)雨時(shí)，我在一個(gè)馬棚里躲避。Parentsshouldn'tsheltertheirchildrentoomuch.父母不應(yīng)該對(duì)孩子過度庇護(hù)。Peopleweredesperatelyseekingshelterfromthegunfire.人們拼命地找地方躲避炮火。Theyshelteredfromthesununderabigtree.他們?cè)谝豢么髽涞紫鲁藳?。Treesshelterthehousefromthewind.樹給房子擋住了風(fēng)。1．介詞填空①Youcan'tshelteryourbrotherfromblameintheaccident.②Undertheshelterofthebay,therewasnorisktoaboatinthehandsofexperiencedsailors.③Theytookshelterfromadownpourunderatree.2．單句改錯(cuò)④Theseplantsmustbeshelteredofdirectsunlight.of→from⑤Theywenthometotakesheltersfromthecold.shelters→shelter1．I'vejustseen_Ian_holdingabunchofflowersandwalkingintoarestaurant.我剛看見伊恩拿著一束鮮花走進(jìn)了一家飯店。(1)句中see為感官動(dòng)詞，holdingabunchofflowersandwalkingintoarestaurant是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作補(bǔ)語，補(bǔ)充說明賓語Ian的動(dòng)作。Isawmymothercookinginthekitchenupstairsjustnow.剛才我看到媽媽正在樓上廚房里做飯。(2)英語中常用的感官動(dòng)詞有：see,lookat,watch,notice,observe,hear,listento,feel等，后跟復(fù)合賓語。(3)現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)常表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)常表示被動(dòng)、完成的動(dòng)作；不定式作賓補(bǔ)則強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作全過程。IheardhimsingingaloudintheroomwhenIpassedby.當(dāng)我經(jīng)過時(shí)我聽到他在房間里大聲唱歌。Iheardhimsingaloudinthenextroom.我聽到他在隔壁房間里大聲唱歌。Iheardasongsungbyhiminthenextroom.我聽到他在隔壁房間里大聲唱歌。完成句子①剛才我聽見他們?cè)诮淌覡幊沉恕heardthemquarrel_in_the_classroomjustnow.②我注意到她在挨家挨戶乞討時(shí)凍得發(fā)抖。Inoticedhertrembling_with_cold,_beggingfromdoortodoor.③他打開辦公室，發(fā)現(xiàn)他的大部分工作都已經(jīng)完成了。Heopenedtheofficeandfoundmuch_of_his_work_finished.2．Theirfriendsarereallyupsetandhave_been_waitinganxiouslyformorenews.他們的朋友非常不安，一直在等待更多的消息。(1)havebeendoing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，到現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行之中，或動(dòng)作剛剛終止。(2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：①表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性或重復(fù)性IhavebeenlivinginHawaiifortenyears.我在夏威夷已經(jīng)生活了十年。Youhavebeenmakingmistakes.What'sthematterwithyou?你頻頻出錯(cuò)。你怎么了？②表示動(dòng)作的完成性或未完成性Youreyesarered.Haveyoubeencrying?你的眼睛紅了，是不是哭過？Ihavebeenlearningtotype.我一直在學(xué)打字。(還沒學(xué)會(huì))③動(dòng)作表示感情色彩He'sbeenstudyinghardandmakingprogress.他一直努力學(xué)習(xí)，不斷進(jìn)步。Ihavebeentellingyounottomaketrouble.我一直勸你不要找麻煩。(3)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別①現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生過。Someonehasphonedyou.有人給你打電話了。Someonehasbeenphoningyou.有人一直在給你打電話。②現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。Hehasbeenpaintingtheroom.他一直在粉刷房間。(還未粉刷完)Hehaspaintedtheroom.他已經(jīng)粉刷過房間了。(已粉刷完)③現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)帶有感情色彩，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則陳述事實(shí)。Who'sbeeneatingmyapples?誰一直在吃我的蘋果？(帶有感情色彩，表示憤怒或不滿)Who'seatenmyapples?誰把我的蘋果吃了？(蘋果沒有了)完成句子①今天上午他一直在發(fā)電子郵件。Hehas_been_sendinge-mailsthismorning.②迄今為止我已學(xué)會(huì)了大約3500個(gè)單詞。Sofar,Ihave_learntabout3,500words.③在過去幾年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大變化。Inthepastfewyears,greatchangeshave_taken_placeinmyhometown.④你也真是太難為他了。Youreallyhave_been_makingthingsterriblydifficultforhim.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)[語法初識(shí)]原句感知自主探究①IthinkmyFrenchtutormightknowoneofthem.②Theymightbeshelteringinacave.③Theymighthavefallenbehind.④Helooksupset.Hemustbehavingsomeproblems.⑤Youcan'thavefailedtheexam.⑥Ithinktheoldwomanmustbeaniceperson.⑦Youarewetenough.Youmusthavegotcaughtintherain.⑧Hecan'tbehomenow.Hejustleftfiveminutesago.⑨Canhehavelosthiskey?⑩Hecan'tbeplayingbasketball.Theteacheristalkingtohimabouthishomework.(1)must表示非常有把握的推測(cè)，意為“一定”；mustbe/do是對(duì)現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的推測(cè)，如句⑥；mustbedoing是對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)，如句④；musthavedone是對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)，如句⑦。(2)may/might表示有一定可能的推測(cè)，意為“可能，大概，也許”。may/mightbe/do是對(duì)現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的推測(cè)，如句①；may/mightbedoing是對(duì)現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)，如句②；may/mighthavedone是對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)，如句③。(3)can't/couldn't表示否定推測(cè)，意為“不可能”。can'tbe/do是對(duì)現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的推測(cè)，如句⑧；can'tbedoing是對(duì)現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)，如句B10；can't/couldn'thavedone是對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)，如句⑤；can還可以用于疑問句，表示“可能”，如句⑨。[語法剖析]一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示肯定的推測(cè)肯定的推測(cè)一般用must,should,may(might)或could(不用can)，其中，must的語氣最強(qiáng)，意為“肯定，準(zhǔn)是，想必是”；should的語氣次之，意為“很可能，應(yīng)該”，指按常理推測(cè)；may(might),could的語氣最弱，意為“也許，可能”。Someonemusthavebeenherelastnight.昨晚一定有人來過。即時(shí)演練1用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空①ShemayhaveflowntoParisalready.②It'sworkhoursnow,shemustbestayingintheoffice.③Thisjobshouldbefinishedontimetomorrow.④Hemusthavegonehome,forIhaven'tseenhimuptonow.二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示否定的推測(cè)1．語氣不很肯定時(shí)，常用maynot,mightnot或couldnot，意為“可能不，也許不”。2．否定語氣較強(qiáng)時(shí)，則用can't，意為“根本不可能”“想必不會(huì)”，表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩。Hecan'tbeathome.他不可能在家。(很有把握)[名師指津](1)could,might表示推測(cè)時(shí)，并不表示過去時(shí)態(tài)，只表示委婉語氣。(2)疑問句中的推測(cè)，往往用can或could?！狢ouldIuseyourcellphone!—Yes,youcan.——我可以用一下你的手機(jī)嗎？——是的，可以。即時(shí)演練2完成句子①Themeetingcan/could_not_be_put_off(不可能被推遲)．②Shemight/may_not_come(可能不來)tomorrow,becauseshewasill.③Yesterday,hemight_have_been_late(可能遲到了)．④Shecouldn't_have_missed(不可能錯(cuò)過)thegoodchancebecauseshewaslookingforajob.三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞對(duì)不同時(shí)間情況的推測(cè)1．“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的推測(cè)。Idon'tknowwheresheis;shemaybeinWuhan.我不知道她在哪兒，她有可能在武漢。2．“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)行的情況的推測(cè)。Atthismoment,ourteachermustbecorrectingourexampapers.這時(shí)，我們的老師想必在批改我們?cè)嚲怼?．“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋完成時(shí)”表示對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)。Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.地面是濕的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。[名師指津]含must,may(might)的反義疑問句，反義疑問部分的動(dòng)詞形式根據(jù)它們后面的動(dòng)詞形式以及有無時(shí)間狀語來確定。Youmust/may(might)behungrynow,aren'tyou?你一定/可能(或許)餓了，對(duì)嗎？Youmusthaveheardaboutit,haven'tyou?你一定聽說過這事了，對(duì)嗎？Youmusthavewatchedthefootballmatchlastnight,didn'tyou?昨天晚上你一定看過足球賽了，對(duì)嗎？4．“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋完成式”還可以用作虛擬語氣，其結(jié)構(gòu)是：(1)couldhavedone本來能做……(實(shí)際未做)(2)should/oughttohavedone本來應(yīng)該做……(實(shí)際未做)(3)mighthavedone本來可以……(實(shí)際未做)(4)needn'thavedone本來沒有必要做……(實(shí)際做了)Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn'ttryyourbest.你本能做得更好，但你沒有盡全力。Youshould/oughttohaverefusedheratthebeginning.你本應(yīng)該在開始時(shí)就拒絕她的。即時(shí)演練3單句改錯(cuò)①Youneedn'tcomehereyesterday.needn't→needn't_have②Hemustbewaitingforyou,butI'mnotsure.must→may/might③Ididn'tseeyouintheParty,butyoushouldjoininit.should_join→should_have_joined④Hehaslivedwithherforalongtime,sohemightknowher.might→must⑤Itmusthaverainedlastnight,hasn'tit？hasn't→didn't[應(yīng)用實(shí)戰(zhàn)]一、鏈接高考情態(tài)動(dòng)詞填空1．(2015·重慶高考改編)YoumustbeCarol.Youhaven'tchangedabitafteralltheseyears.2．(2014·江西高考改編)Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorestmightbecometherichest.3．(2014·陜西高考改編)Mybook,TheHouseofHades,ismissing.Whocouldhavetakenit?4．(2013·四川高考改編)—Whyareyoureyessored?Youcan'thavesleptwelllastnight.—Yeah,Istayeduplatewritingareport.5．(2013·湖南高考改編)Hecouldn'tsleep,althoughhetriedto,whenhegotonsuchahuntforanideauntilhehadcaughtit.6．(2013·陜西高考改編)Thechildrenmusthavegotlostinthewoods;otherwise,theywouldhavebeenatthelakesidecampasscheduled.7．(2013·北京高考改編)—Youneedn'ttakeanumbrella.Itisn'tgoingtorain.—Well,Idon'tknow.Itmightdo.二、針對(duì)演練用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成句子1．Iplayedgameswithhimthewholeafternoonsohecouldn't_have_attended(不可能參加了)Smith'slecture.2．—AreyoucomingtoJeff'sparty?—I'mnotsure.Imight_go(可能去)totheconcertinstead.3．—I'msorry.Ishouldn't_have_shouted_at_you(不應(yīng)該沖你喊)theotherday.—Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.4．Thesoccerteamhasbeendoingwellthisseason,sotheyshould_win(應(yīng)該贏得)thechampionship.5．How_can_I(我怎么能)helpthemtounderstandwhentheywon'tlistentome?6．—WhenIfirstgottoHarvard,myawkwardEnglishbroughtmegreattrouble.—Oh,dear,itmust_have_been(一定是)astruggleforyoutokeepupwithotherstudents.7．Ipromisedtogettothecinemabefore5,butnowtherainispouringdown.Theymust_be_waiting(一定在等)formeimpatiently.8．Parismight_be(或許是)awonderfulcitybutit'snotsomewhereI'dliketolive.9．—Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.—Thanks.Youneedn't_have_done(沒必要做)it.Icouldmanageitmyself.10．AlthoughLilyisusuallyeasy-going,shesometimescan_be_quite__annoying(會(huì)令人非常惱怒)．[對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生課時(shí)達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練(二)]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Theteacherissatisfied(satisfaction)withhistestresultsandpraisedhim.2．MilianmovedtoLosAngeleswhenshewas13yearsold,desiring(desire)tobeanactress.3．Heliftedthefishaboard(board),carefulnottopullthelineoverhisshoulder.4．Thesituationrequired(requirement)thathebepre-sent.5．Askforarefundifthegoodsarefaulty(fault)．6．Muchtomyrelief(relieve),mysonwaseventuallyadmittedtoafamousuniversity.Ⅱ.選詞填空upset,selfish,shelter,aboard,fallbehind,dealwith,giveup,careabout1．Aselfishpersonalwaysthinksabouthimself.2．Teachyourchildnottodeal_withstressoremotionsbyusingfood.3．Statemediareporttherewere168peopleaboard.4．Theydon'tcare_abouttheexpenses.5．Youshallfall_behindinyourexamifyoukeepplaying.6．Shewarnedmenottosayanythingtoupsethim.7．Thegreatestneeds,localssay,areforfoodandshelter.8．Wewillnotgive_upuntilwefindconvincingevidence.Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò)1．_____解析：句意：最近的一項(xiàng)研究得出一個(gè)意外結(jié)論，非洲象應(yīng)被分成兩個(gè)不同種類。comeupwith“提出”。答案：comeup后加with2．解析：修飾動(dòng)詞improve作狀語，用副詞形式。答案：gradual改為gradually3．Thereisnosuchagoodthingasafreedinnerinthisworld.Asthesayinggoes,“Nopains,nogains.”____________解析：當(dāng)such與some,other,these/those,no等代詞連用時(shí)，such置于這些代詞之后；no修飾名詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于nota或者notany，故其后不再使用冠詞。答案：去掉a4．You'llhavetounderstandthat解析：句意：你必須明白，雖然你母親會(huì)采用不同的做法，但是這是我們做事的方式。evenif“即使；雖然”。答案：as改為even5．Aseverybodyknows,kangaroosarenativeinAustraliaandareoftenregardedasoneofAustralia'snationalt解析：句意：眾所周知，袋鼠是澳大利亞所特有的，并且經(jīng)常被看作澳大利亞的國寶之一。sth.benativeto...表示“某物原產(chǎn)于某地；某物是……所特有的”。答案：in改為toⅣ.完成句子1．我認(rèn)為她并不關(guān)心她孩子的事。Idon'tthinkshecares_aboutwhathappenstoherchildren.2．使我們感到非常欣慰的是，他們終于平安無恙地歸來。To_our_great_relief,_theyfinallyreturnedsafeandsound.3．他的不辭而別讓她感到不舒服。Shewas_upset_thathehadleftwithoutsayingaword.4．我本來沒必要提前訂票，還有很多剩余的。Ineedn't_have_booked_in_advance,_therewereplentyofticketsleft.5．畢業(yè)后，我一直與湯姆在同一公司工作。Aftergraduation,Ihave_been_working_withTominthesamecompany.Ⅴ.閱讀理解WhenBorisleftschool,hecouldnotfindajob.Hetriedhardandpestered(糾纏)hisrelatives,buttheyhadproblemsoftheirown.Heansweredadvertisementsuntilhecouldnotaffordtobuyanymorestamps.Borisgrewannoyed,thendepressed，thenalittlehardened.Stillhewentontryingandstillhefailed.Hebegantothinkthathehadnofutureatall.“Whydon'tyoustartyourownbusiness？”oneofhisunclestoldhim.“Theworldisamoney-locker.You'dbetterfindawayofopeningit.”“ButwhatcanIdo？”“Getoutandhavealookround，”advisedhisuncleinavaguesortofway.“Seewhatpeoplewant;thengiveittothem,andtheywillpayforit.”Borisbegantocyclearoundthetownandfoundasuitablepieceofawastegroundintheend.Thenhesetuphisbusinessasacyclerepairer.Heworkedhard，madefriendswithhiscustomersandgraduallymanagedtobuilduphisgoodwillandprofit.Afewmonthslater,hefoundthathehadmoreworkthanhecoulddealwithbyhimself.Hefoundanumberofemptyshopsbuttheywereallnogood:inthewrongposition，tooexpensiveorwithsomeothersnags(障礙)．Butatlonglast,hemanagedtofindanemptyshoponanewestate(住宅區(qū))wheretherewereplentyofcustomersbutnocompetition.Borisandhisassistanttaughtthemselveshowtorepairscootersandmotor-cycles.Slowlybutsurelytheprofitsincreasedandthebusinessdeveloped.Atlast,Borishadmanagedtoopenthemoney-lockerandfoundbanknotesandgoldcoinsinside.語篇解讀：主人公Boris畢業(yè)后，在尋找工作的過程中屢屢受挫，失望之至，在叔叔的建議下，從修理自行車開始，逐漸走向了成功。1．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．GoodwillIstheKeytoSuccessB．TheWorldIsaMoney-lockerC．No