2024屆高考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)第一部分選擇性必修第三冊(cè)Unit4AdversityandCourage

UNIT4ADVERSITYANDCOURAGE核心單詞閱讀詞匯1.adversityn.困境；逆境2.wagen.工資3.expeditionn.探險(xiǎn)；遠(yuǎn)征；探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)4.vigourn.精力；力量；活力5.cupboardn.櫥柜；壁櫥；衣柜6.stewardn.(輪船、飛機(jī)或火車上的)乘務(wù)員；服務(wù)員7.crushvt.毀壞；壓壞；壓碎n.擁擠的人群8.stoven.爐具；廚房灶具9.blanketn.毯子10.bangon.班卓琴(樂(lè)器)11.voyagen.&vi.航海；航行12.navyn.海軍；海軍部隊(duì)13.decentadj.相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的；正派的；得體的14.cosyadj.溫馨的；舒適的15.crewn.(輪船、飛機(jī)等上面的)全體工作人員；專業(yè)團(tuán)隊(duì)；一群人16.barkvi.&n.(狗)吠叫；吠叫聲17.rugbyn.橄欖球運(yùn)動(dòng)18.batn.球拍；蝙蝠vi.&vt.用球板擊球；揮打；拍打19.dampadj.潮濕的；濕氣重的20.nephewn.侄子；外甥21.corporateadj.公司的；法人的；社團(tuán)的22.navigatorn.領(lǐng)航員；(飛機(jī)；船舶等上的)航行者23.motorn.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)；馬達(dá)adj.有引擎的；機(jī)動(dòng)車的24.episoden.(人生的)一段經(jīng)歷；(小說(shuō)的)片段；插曲25.motiven.動(dòng)機(jī)；原因；目的26.Confucianismn.孔子學(xué)說(shuō)；儒家(學(xué)說(shuō))

高頻詞匯1.________adj.嚴(yán)寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的2.________adv.&prep.上(船、飛機(jī)、公共汽車等)3.________vi.沉沒(méi)；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉沒(méi)4.________vt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄bitteraboardsink5._________________adj.脾氣好的/壞的6.___________n.娛樂(lè)；消遣；游戲good/bad-tempered7._________n.候選人；應(yīng)試者recreationcandidateabandon

拓展詞匯1.________vt.忍耐；忍受；持續(xù)；持久→endurancen.忍耐力；耐久力endurequalifiedqualification

2.qualifyvt.取得資格(或?qū)W歷)；合格；使合格；使具備資格→__________adj.符合資格；具備……的知識(shí)(或技能、學(xué)歷等)→______________n.資格；資歷；資格證

3.________________adj.熱情的；熱心的→enthusiasmn.熱情；熱心enthusiastic4.assignvt.分派；布置；分配→______________n.工作；任務(wù)；布置；分派assignmentenvy5.________n.&vt.羨慕；妒忌→enviousadj.羨慕的；嫉妒的6.belongvi.屬于→______________n.[pl.]財(cái)物；動(dòng)產(chǎn)7.miseryn.痛苦；悲慘→_______________adj.痛苦的；令人難受的belongingsmiserableselfish8.selfn.自己；自我→________adj.自私的→________adj.無(wú)私的→__________adv.無(wú)私地selflessselflessly9.________adj.真正的；真誠(chéng)的；可信賴的→genuinelyadv.真正地；真誠(chéng)地genuineperseverance10.perseverevi.堅(jiān)持；孜孜以求→______________n.毅力；韌性；不屈不撓的精神resolutioncruelcruelty11.resolvevi.&vt.決定；決心；解決(問(wèn)題或困難)n.決心；堅(jiān)定的信念→____________n.決議；解決；堅(jiān)定

12._______adj.殘酷的；殘忍的；冷酷的→cruellyadv.殘酷地；殘忍地→________n.殘酷；殘忍13.thoroughadj.深入的；徹底的；細(xì)致的→___________adv.徹底地；完全地thoroughlyfurnishedfurniture

14.furnishvt.(為房屋或房間)配備家具→____________adj.配備好家具的→____________n.家具

15.fortunen.運(yùn)氣；財(cái)富→fortunateadj.幸運(yùn)的→____________adv.幸運(yùn)地→______________adj.不幸的→______________adv.不幸地；遺憾地fortunatelyunfortunate16.guidevt.指導(dǎo)n.導(dǎo)游；指南；指導(dǎo)手冊(cè)→_____________n.指導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)航unfortunatelyguidance

17.__________vt.&vi.公布；宣傳；做廣告→______________n.廣告→advertisingn.廣告活動(dòng)；廣告業(yè)

18.roughadj.洶涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→________adv.粗糙地；粗略地advertiseadvertisementroughly19.________adj.忠誠(chéng)的；忠實(shí)的→________adv.忠誠(chéng)地；忠實(shí)地→loyaltyn.忠誠(chéng)；忠實(shí)loyalloyallycommitment20.commitvt.承諾；保證(某個(gè)人、機(jī)構(gòu)等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動(dòng)等)→______________n.承諾；保證；奉獻(xiàn)熟詞生義1.blanket【熟義】n.毯子【生義】vt.以厚層覆蓋【典例】Outsidethefieldswereblanketedinfog.外面，田野籠罩在霧里。2.rough【熟義】adj.洶涌的；粗糙的；粗略的【生義】adj.粗野的【典例】Theotherboyswererough.其他男孩子非常粗野。

重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.turnsb.________拒絕(某人)2.keepone'sspirits________讓某人情緒高漲3.make________成功；做到4.hold________稍等；(打電話)別掛斷；堅(jiān)持??；繼續(xù)5.becomestuck________陷入；困入6.set________出發(fā)，動(dòng)身；點(diǎn)燃；使爆炸；引起downupitoninoff7.________one'sguidance在某人的指導(dǎo)下8.consist________由……組成9.________fire生火10.give________發(fā)出(熱、光、氣味或氣體)11.pay________償還；報(bào)復(fù)；回報(bào)underofmakeoffback精選佳句教材原句ithappenedthat

1.Well,________so________________onemorningIboughtanewspaperandreadtheadvertisementabouttheAntarcticexpedition.哦，有一天早上我碰巧買了一份報(bào)紙，看到了南極探險(xiǎn)的廣告。

句式結(jié)構(gòu)

句式1：It＋特殊動(dòng)詞(詞組)＋that從句教材原句sothat

2.ButIwas________enthusiasticabouttheideaofgoingalongwiththem________Isecretlywentaboardhisship,theEndurance,andhidinasmallcupboard.但是我對(duì)和他們一起去的想法非常熱切，所以我偷偷地登上了他的船“堅(jiān)忍”號(hào)，藏在一個(gè)小柜子里。

句式結(jié)構(gòu)

句式2：so...that...意為“如此……以至……”教材原句aslongasyoupersevere

3.Itwilleventuallyleadtosuccess______________________________________.只要你堅(jiān)持不懈，最終就會(huì)成功。

句式結(jié)構(gòu)

句式3：aslongas引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句教材原句Ifitweren'tfor

4.________________________________seaanimals,wewouldallstarve.如果沒(méi)有海洋動(dòng)物，我們都會(huì)餓死。

句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式4：if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句課文復(fù)現(xiàn)

MynameisPerceBlackborowandIhavebeen1.__________(dream)ofanexpeditiontoAntarcticawithSirErnestShackleton.Oneday,Ireadthe2._______________(advertise)abouttheAntarcticexpeditioninthenewspaper,butwhenIappliedtojoinit,Iwasturned3.________becauseIwastooyoungandinexperienced.Igotaboardtheshipwithout4.__________(permit)andhidinasmallcupboard,butwasdiscoveredthreedayslater.Shackletonassignedme5._______(be)asteward,andIcookedfortwenty-eightmen.HowexcitedIwas!Thejourneywas6.________(hard)thanIexpected.WhenwewentneartheAntarctica,ourshipbecamestuck7.________theiceandgotdreamingadvertisementdownpermissiontobeharderin8.________(crush).Before9._________(abandon)theship,wewereonlyallowedtotakesomeofournecessitiesandthrowawaytherest.Wewerecampingontheice,butwithspringcoming,theicebegantomelt.crushedabandoninga

Havingstruggledfordays,theconditionsonElephantIslandweregoingfrombadtoworse.ShackletonleftustofindhelponSouthGeorgiaIsland,whichis1，330kilometresaway.Therewasnofoodontheislandexceptsealsorpenguinswesometimescaught.Iwasinlowspirit.However,withthegenuineconcernofFrankandErnest,Iwasfilledwithhopeandthoughttherewas10.________chancewewouldreturnhome,afterall.單句語(yǔ)法填空qualificationfurnituresank

1.Previousteachingexperienceisanecessary______________(qualify)forthisjob. 2.Eachpieceof________(furnish)intheirhomesuitedthestyleofthehouse. 3.WhenIsawalittlegirlcryingthere,myheart________(sink)andwantedtohelpherout.4.Theguidewas________enthusiasticthatsheofferedmesomepracticaladvice.sooff5.Peopletendtoset_______fireworksduringthefestival,whichmaycauseseriouspollution.assignment

6.Developgoodhabits,likewritingdownyour______________(assign)andhandinginyourhomeworkontime. 7.Youcanturntoyourteachersfor________(guide)whenyouareintrouble.guidanceFortunatelycruellybelongings

8.ThisisthefinalchanceforTomtotakethedrivingtest.__________(fortunate),hepassedthetestfinally. 9.Themanwascondemnedtosixyearsinprisonfortreatinghiswife________(cruel). 10.Havingsoldmostofhis__________(belong),theprofessoralmosthadnothingleftinthehouse.1.qualifiedadj.符合資格；具備……的知識(shí)(或技能、學(xué)歷等)【典例】

①Honestlyspeaking,Idon'tknowmuchaboutit,soIdon'tfeelqualifiedtocomment.老實(shí)說(shuō)，我對(duì)它不太了解，所以我覺(jué)得我沒(méi)有資格發(fā)表評(píng)論。②Thistrainingcoursewillqualifyyouforabetterjob.本培訓(xùn)課程將使你勝任更好的工作?！練w納】be/feelqualifiedtodosth.有資格做某事bequalifiedfor具備……資格的；適合擔(dān)任……的【拓展】(1)qualifyvt.使具備資格vi.合格qualifyfor...取得……的資格qualifysb.for...使某人能勝任……qualifysb.todo...使某人有資格做……(2)qualificationn.資格；資歷；資格證have(no)qualificationsfor(doing)sth.(沒(méi))有做……的資格have(no)qualificationstodosth.(沒(méi))有做……的資格【即學(xué)即用】單句語(yǔ)法填空qualifiedqualifications

(1)Theapplicantisn't________(qualify)todothejobashedidn'thavetherelevantexperiencerequiredforthejob. (2)Apartfromahighschooldiplomaandsomeexperiencewithanimals,therearenostandard____________(qualify)forthejob.

完成句子，每空一詞

(3)一個(gè)具有文學(xué)藝術(shù)欣賞力的人能勝任這項(xiàng)工作。

Apersonwithanappreciationofartandliterature________________________thejob.isqualifiedfor2.assignvt.分派；布置；分配【典例】①Theteacherassignedadifferenttasktoeachofthechildren.老師給每個(gè)孩子分配的任務(wù)都不相同。②Whichpoliceofficerhasbeenassignedtothiscase？哪一位警官被指派負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)案件？【歸納】assignsb.sth.＝assignsth.tosb.分配給某人某物assignsb.assth.指派某人任某一職務(wù)assignsb.todosth.指派某人做某事【拓展】assignmentn.[C，U](分派的)工作，任務(wù)；[U](工作等的)分派，布置【即學(xué)即用】單句語(yǔ)法填空toteachassignments

(1)Theyvolunteeredtobeassigned________(teach)inruralareasbecausetheyareeagertohelpdevelopruraleducation. (2)Theteacherdemandedthatweshouldhandinour__________(assign)involvedintheprotectionofwildanimalstomorrow._3.abandonvt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄【典例】①Inviewofmypoorhealth,I'mconsideringabandoningsmokingsoon.鑒于我身體不好，我正在考慮盡快戒煙。

②Playingcomputergamesisharmfultoyourhealth.Don'tabandonyourselftothiskindofpleasure.玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕慕】涤泻?。不要沉溺于這種享樂(lè)中。

③Wesawtheabandonedfarmswhichwerebuiltmorethanahundredyearsago.我們看到了那些建于一百多年前的廢棄農(nóng)場(chǎng)。【歸納】abandondoingsth.放棄做某事abandononeselfto(doing)sth.使某人自己沉溺于(做)某事【點(diǎn)津】abandononeselfto中的to為介詞，后跟名詞、代詞或v.-ing形式?！就卣埂縜bandonedadj.被遺棄的；廢棄的；放縱的(可作前置定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ))【即學(xué)即用】單句語(yǔ)法填空carryingabandoned

(1)Theyabandoned________(carry)outtheplanforlackofenoughmoney. (2)MrJohnsonlivedinthewoodswithhiswifeandchildren.Heownedafarm,whichlookedalmost__________(abandon).4.commitmentn.承諾；保證；奉獻(xiàn)【典例】

①Takeadeeperlookatthepersonbehindthefacebeforeyoumakeacommitment.一定要在做出承諾前深入地了解這個(gè)人。 ②Hecommittedanunforgivableerrorinhandlingthisbusiness.他在處理這一業(yè)務(wù)時(shí)犯了一個(gè)不可原諒的錯(cuò)誤。③Thegovernmentiscommittedtogreatlydevelopingeducationinthecountry.政府決心要大力發(fā)展本國(guó)的教育事業(yè)?！練w納】makeacommitment做出承諾【拓展】(1)commitvt.承諾；保證(某個(gè)人、機(jī)構(gòu)等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動(dòng)等) commitacrime/anerror犯罪/錯(cuò)誤

commitoneselfto(doing)sth.承諾做某事；致力于做某事

committo...忠于……

(2)committedadj.盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)定的；堅(jiān)信的

becommittedto(doing)sth.＝bedevoted/dedicatedto(doing)sth.致力于做某事

【即學(xué)即用】單句語(yǔ)法填空working

(1)Iwouldadvisepeopletothinkverycarefullyaboutcommittingthemselvesto________(work)Sundays. (2)Hemadea___________(commit)tohimselfthathewouldnevershowanyprejudicetocleaningwomen.commitment完成句子，每空一詞commitacrime

(3)不經(jīng)人允許使用他人的財(cái)物等于犯罪。

Tousesomeone'spropertywithoutpermissionisto________________________.1.turnsb.down拒絕(某人)【典例】①Couldyoupleaseturnuptheheat?Ifeelfreezingcold.你能把暖氣調(diào)大點(diǎn)嗎？我覺(jué)得冷得要命。

②Pleaseturnthevolumedown,

forIcan'tgetwhatmyfriendsaidonthephone.請(qǐng)把音量調(diào)低些，我都聽(tīng)不清我朋友在電話里說(shuō)了些什么?！就卣埂縯urndown調(diào)小；拒絕turnup調(diào)大；出現(xiàn)turnout證明；結(jié)果是turnover移交；翻身；翻閱

【即學(xué)即用】

單句語(yǔ)法填空

(1)Tomhadtoturn_________theinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy. (2)Ifeltalittleboredwithreadingthebook,justturning_________thepages. (3)Don'tworry.I'msureyourmissingglasseswillturn_______soonerorlater.downoverupout

(4)Unexpectedlytheweatherturned________prettynicethatday.2.holdon稍等；(打電話)別掛斷；堅(jiān)持住；繼續(xù)【典例】①Intheearthquakethesurvivormanagedtoholdonuntilhelparrived.在地震中，幸存者設(shè)法堅(jiān)持到救援到來(lái)。②Childrenshouldholdontotheirparents'handswhencrossingtheroad.兒童應(yīng)該在過(guò)馬路時(shí)抓緊父母的手。【拓展】holdonto抓緊；不放開(kāi)；保留；堅(jiān)持holdup舉起；延遲，阻礙holdback隱瞞；控制holdout伸出catch/getholdof抓住，握著【即學(xué)即用】單句語(yǔ)法填空ofto

(1)Catchhold________everyopportunityandyouwillsucceedingettingwhatyouwant. (2)Holdon________yourdreamsandonedaytheymaycometrue.holdon

完成句子，每空一詞

(3)他們堅(jiān)信只要堅(jiān)持一段時(shí)間，奇跡就會(huì)發(fā)生。

Theyholdthebeliefthatsolongasthey________________forawhile,amiraclewillhappen.3.giveoff放出(熱、光、氣味或氣體)【典例】①Firefliesgiveoffflashesoflightwhentheyflyatnight.螢火蟲(chóng)夜間飛行時(shí)發(fā)出閃光。

②Hefinallygaveintohisdaughter'srepeatedrequeststofurtherhereducationabroad.對(duì)女兒再三請(qǐng)求到國(guó)外去深造，他最終讓步了。【拓展】giveup(doing)sth.放棄(做)某事givein(to...)(向……)屈服/讓步/投降giveaway贈(zèng)送；泄露giveout分發(fā)；用完，用盡giveback歸還，送回【即學(xué)即用】單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Hegaveup________(teach)in2001,muchtotheregretofhisstudents.teaching完成句子，每空一詞(2)要是塑料和橡膠被焚，就會(huì)放出有毒的氣體。Ifplasticandrubberareburnt,they'll________________poisonousgases.giveoff(3)他假裝不在乎，但那句話暴露了他對(duì)這件事的真實(shí)看法。Hepretendednottocarebutthatremark________________hisrealopiniononthematter.gaveaway1.Well,itsohappenedthatonemorningIboughtanewspaperandreadtheadvertisementabouttheAntarcticexpedition.(教材P38)哦，有一天早上我碰巧買了一份報(bào)紙，看到了南極探險(xiǎn)的廣告。

【剖析】本句是復(fù)合句，此句中it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句。it(so)happenedthat...意為“碰巧……”?！镜淅竣?2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·完形填空)Ithappenedthattheplantdowntownneededeightkidsfortemporaryhelpduringourspringbreak,forwhichIhadnoplansbeyondlisteningtomyfavouriterecords.碰巧在我們春假期間，市中心的工廠需要八個(gè)孩子臨時(shí)幫忙，而我除了聽(tīng)我最喜歡的唱片之外沒(méi)有別的計(jì)劃。

②IthitmethatIhadbeenpayingattentiontowhatwasgoingwrongwithmyliferatherthanwhatwasright.我突然意識(shí)到我一直都在關(guān)注生活中錯(cuò)誤的而不是正確的事情?！練w納】Ithappenedthat...碰巧……Ithit/struck/occurredtosb.that...某人突然想起……Itmakesnodifferencethat...……沒(méi)有任何區(qū)別Itremainstobeseen...……有待于被關(guān)注Itturnedoutthat...結(jié)果是/證明是……

【即學(xué)即用】

單句語(yǔ)法填空

(1)Itoccurred________methatIcouldturntomyteacherforhelpandhewasalwayshelpful. (2)________makesnodifferencetomewhetherhewillgotothepartyor