英語人教必修5導學筆記Unit1PeriodThree

PeriodThreeGrammar—ThePastParticiple(1)astheAttributeandPredicative課文原句感知1．Buthebecameinspired(inspire)whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposed(expose)tocholera.2．Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffected(affect)persondied.3．Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpolluted(pollute)bythedirtywaterfromLondon.4．NicolausCopernicuswasfrightened(frighten)andhismindwasconfused(confuse)．5．Heplacedafixed(fix)sunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.一、過去分詞作定語1．意義：及物動詞的過去分詞作定語往往表示被動和完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語不表示被動，只表示完成。(1)表示被動和完成apollutedriver一條被污染的河流thewateredflowers澆過水的花(2)只表示完成，不表示被動fallenleaves落葉therisensun升起的太陽2．位置：單個的過去分詞作定語時，通常放在被修飾詞的前面；過去分詞短語作定語時，通常放在被修飾詞的后面，其作用相當于一個定語從句。Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.＝Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.穿白色衣服的那個學生是我女兒。注意：過去分詞作定語和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別：(1)語態(tài)不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動；過去分詞表示被動。Thequestiondiscussedwasveryimportant.討論過的那個問題很重要。Thehousestandingatthecornerofthestreetwasbuiltin2016.矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2016年建的。(2)時間關(guān)系上不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行；過去分詞表示動作已經(jīng)完成。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(thechangingworld變化著的世界,thechangedworld改變了的世界))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(boilingwater沸騰的水,boiledwater開水))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(developingcountries發(fā)展中國家,developedcountries發(fā)達國家))二、過去分詞作表語1．意義：用在系動詞后面，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。Shelookeddisappointed.她看上去很失望。Wewereencouragedatthenews.聽到這個消息我們很受鼓舞。2．過去分詞作表語表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。這一結(jié)構(gòu)從形式上與被動語態(tài)相同，但被動語態(tài)強調(diào)主語所承受的動作。試比較：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(Thebookiswellwritten.這本書寫得好。,Thebookwaswrittenbyasoldier.,這本書是由一位士兵寫的。))拓展你知道下列各組詞在作定語和表語時的區(qū)別嗎？exciting/excited，interesting/interested，disappointing/disappointed，encouraging/encouraged，puzzling/puzzled，surprising/surprised，pleasing/pleased，confusing/confused，moving/moved，terrifying/terrifiedeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(Thenewsisexciting.這個消息是令人興奮的。,Herexcitedvoicesuggestedthatshewasexcited.,她激動的聲音表明她很興奮。))Whenheheardthemovingstory，hewasdeeplymoved.當他聽到這個感人的故事時，他深受感動。單句語法填空1．Jimhasretired，buthestillremembersthehappytimespent(spend)withhisstudents.(2017·北京)2．...IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermitted(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016·全國Ⅰ)3．Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution，I’dlikeyoutolookatastudyconducted(conduct)inAustraliain2012.(2016·浙江)4．Inartcriticism，youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessagehidden(hide)withinthework.(2016·江蘇)5．Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientorannoyed(annoy)withpeopleoverunimportantthings？(2016·上海)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Thisisthestatueofasoldierseated(seat)onahorse.2．WhenIenteredhisroom，hewasburied(bury)inhisbooks.3．Someofthepeopleinvited(invite)tothepartycouldn’te.4．Heistalkingwithamancalled(call)MrWang.5．Hewasdiscouraged(discourage)whenheheardhismother’swords.Ⅱ.完成句子6．據(jù)說這是一座由一個年輕工程師設(shè)計的橋。Itissaidthatthisisabridgedesignedbyayoungengineer.7．你為什么看起來這么失望？Whyareyoulookingsodisappointed?8．那些受傷的孩子在這個醫(yī)院里得到了很好的照料。Theinjuredchildrenweretakengoodcareofinthishospital.9．我們到校時，老人正在掃地上的落葉。Whenwegottoschool，theoldmanwassweepingthefallenleavesontheground.10．這個男孩在踢足球時，摔斷了左腿。Whiletheboywasplayingfootball，hisleftleggotbroken.Ⅲ.語法填空(2018·寧波余姚中學高二期中)Manyteachersbelievethathandsonexperienceisthe11.best(good)waytolearn.AgroupofstudentsintheUnitedStatesareputtingthatbelieftothetest.They12.successfully(success)designedandbuiltarobotfordiscoveringunexploredmines13.atthebottomofthesea.Studentsmadetherobot14.toanswer(answer)achallengefromtheUSDepartmentofDefense.Thestudentsrecentlytestedtheunderwatervehicle15.called(call)PerseusⅡina95meterlongtankofwaterattheStevensInstituteofTechnology.Therobotcostsabout15,000tobuild.Thestudentsuseavideogamecontroltodirect16.its(it)movementsinthetank.What’smore，devicesknownasJapters17.enable(able)therobottogoup，downandtowarditstargetinthewater.Videocamerasontherobotsendimagesbacktoaputerthrougha13meterlongcable.PerseusⅡ，18.whichthestudentsworkedupto20hoursaweektodesignandbuild，alsohas19.asetoflasers(激光)，usedtomeasurethesizeofanobject.DeLormesupervisedtheprojectfrom20.beginning(begin)toend.Hesaidthespecializedrequirementsofrobotsweredemanding.Ⅰ.閱讀理解Twelveyearsago，RachelMillerwaslostwhenitcametohersonJohn.The7yearoldwasseriouslydisabledbecauseofhisautism(自閉癥)．Unabletospeak，hewithdrewfrompeopleatschooland，worse，fromhisfamily.InMarch2003，MillerwasintroducedtoJeffHancock，aoneononetherapist(治療師)forpeoplewithautism.HancockwashiredtobeJohn’spanion.Thetwowouldgopeoplewatchingatthemallontheweekend.Hancockchattedthroughouttheirtrips，eventhoughJohncouldn’ttalkback.TheirrelationshipdevelopedwhenHancockintroducedJohntotheSpecialOlympics.WheneverJohnwasrunningorbeingactive，hewassmiling.WhenJohnturned12，HancockintroducedhimtotrackattheSpecialOlympics.Forthefirstthreeyears，thepairjustobservedthesportbywatchingpracticesandevents.HancockworkeddailywithJohn，showinghimeverything，includingwheretosit，standandwalk，sohewouldunderstandtheflowoftheevents.Eventually，thelessonsclicked，andJohnwasoffdoing50metersprints.ButasJohngotolder，hegotstrongerandfaster.At16，hewasjumpinghurdlesanddoing800meterraces.Millerstartedseeinghersonasaseriousathlete.InMay2014，John’strainingbroughthimtotheSpecialOlympicsStateSummerGamesinOrlando.The18yearoldwaspetinginthe800metersandthe110meterhurdles.Asthe800wassettingup，Millerremembered，shepressedherfaceagainstthefence，anxiouslywaitingforJohntopete.Butassoonastheracestarted，allMillersawwasanathlete，herathlete.“Ijustwantedtoseethebestperformance.Itseemedmuchmoresignificantthanwhetherhewouldeverspeakorrespondtome，”shesaid.Johnendedupwinningthegoldmedalforthe800.SportspletelychangedJohn，andMillersaidthatisbecauseofHancock.“Apersonwithadisabilitycanfeelhopelessandisolated，andIthinkthatcanhappentoparents，too.”語篇解讀本文講述了一個患有自閉癥的孩子如何成長為一個合格運動員的故事。1．Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsus.A．howRachelMillerfelt12yearsagoB．howseriousJohn’sautismwasC．Johnwasn’tgoodatmunicationD．whenJohnbecameseriouslydisabled答案B解析段落大意題。通讀第一段可知，本段主要講RachelMiller很為兒子憂心，因為他患有自閉癥，而且很嚴重。故選B。2．MillerconsideredJohntobeaseriousathlete.A．in2011 B．in2012C．in2013 D．in2014答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后兩句“At16，hewasjumpinghurdlesanddoing800meterraces.Millerstartedseeinghersonasaseriousathlete.”可知，在十六歲時，米勒把約翰看作是一個認真的運動員；由第六段可知，2014年時約翰十八歲，由此可推知他十六歲時應(yīng)是2012年。故選B。3．WhenMillersawJohn’sperformanceinthe800，shefelt.A．curious B．a(chǎn)mazedC．delighted D．upset答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段提到“Ijustwantedtoseethebestperformance.Itseemedmuchmoresignificantthanwhetherhewouldeverspeakorrespondtome...”可知，約翰的表現(xiàn)非常好，朱勒當然感到高興。故選C項。4．Thepassageismainlycarriedout.A．bygivingexamples B．inasadtoneC．inspaceorder D．intimeorder答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章提到的時間Twelveyearsago，InMarch2003，WhenJohnturned12，At16，InMay2014可知，文章是按照時間順序來講述的。故選D項。Ⅱ.完形填空(2017·遼寧葫蘆島市一中高二期中)YearsagowhenIvolunteeredatahomelessshelter，Italkedwithaboy，Albert.Hesaidhelikedmy5.“Doyouwanttoseemine？”hesaid，6hisleg.Hewasbarefoot.Hesaidhe’dbeenmeaningtopickupapairbuthadn’tgottenone.Ifelta7feelinginmystomach.AfewdayslaterIwasathomehelpingto8mydaughter.IsmiledwhenI9thesocksoverherfeet.Atthatmoment，Albertflashedinmy10.Atnoon，Iwenttoadepartmentstoreand11ashoppingcartwithsocks—nothing12，justwhitecottonmen’ssocks.Thenextmorning，IdrovetothePalisadesPark，whichisamonovernightdestinationfor13individuals，Igrabbedoneofthe14frommytrunkandwalkedacrossthegrass.Itwasdarkout.Itwasabeautifulfeelingto15beforethesunandmostlivingthings.Iheadedforagroupofthreemen.Twowereasleepandthethirdwasdiggingthroughhisshoppingcart.Itwasloadedwithplasticbottlesandsomeclothes，andafewbooks—most16，everythingheownedinthisworld.AsIwalkedtowardhim，heturnedand17me，perhapsquestioningmyintention.“Ithoughtyoumight18somenewsocks，”Itoldhim，handinghimapair.Helooked19atfirstbuttookthem，smiledandsaid，“Thankyou.”Igavetwomore20forhispartners.I21.After20minutes，Ireturnedforthesecondbag.Anhourlater，I22allthesocks.Mostpeopleweresleeping，andIfeltlikea(n)23SantaClaus.Iknewwhentheywokeuptheywouldfindaverymeaningful24.Thatgavemeanamazingfeeling.語篇解讀作者在一次收容所的志愿活動中，聽到一個男孩說自己想要雙襪子卻不可得。后來作者去當?shù)氐墓珗@給流浪漢分發(fā)襪子，并體會到助人的愉悅。5．A.books B．bagsC．socks D．trousers答案C解析根據(jù)下文的“‘Doyouwanttoseemine？’hesaid，hisleg.Hewasbarefoot.”可知，孩子喜歡作者的襪子。故選C。6．A.lifting B．hidingC．folding D．bending答案A解析孩子讓我看他的腳，可以推知，此處意為：抬起腿。lift抬起。故選A。7．A.genuine B．strongC．curious D．sinking答案D解析看到孩子光著腳并說一直想要一雙襪子，作者的內(nèi)心是沮喪的。sinking沮喪的。故選D。8．A.feed B．dressC．teach D．fort答案B解析根據(jù)下文的“IsmiledwhenIthesocksoverherfeet.”可知，作者在幫女兒穿衣服。dress給……穿衣服。9．A.threw B．touchedC．wrapped D．slid答案D解析當我把襪子穿在女兒腳上時，我想到了那個光腳的男孩。slide(使)滑動，悄聲地移動。故選D。10．A.position B．viewC．mind D．room答案C解析我想起了那個男孩。mind心里，腦海。故選C。11．A.filled B．equippedC．decorated D．exchanged答案A解析我去超市買襪子，放滿了手推車。fill充滿。故選A。12．A.ugly B．cheapC．difficult D．fancy答案D解析根據(jù)下文的“justwhitecottonmen’ssocks”可知，我買的襪子只是普通的白色男士棉襪，沒有任何華麗的裝飾。fancy華麗的。故選D。13．A.wealthy B．homelessC．lazy D．proud答案B解析根據(jù)下文的描述可知，我前往一個給無家可歸的人們居住的地方。homeless無家可歸的。故選B。14．A.parcels B．containersC．bags D．boxes答案C解析根據(jù)下文的“After20minutes，Ireturnedforthesecondbag.”可知，此處選C。15．A.getup B．leavebehindC．getback D．turndown答案A解析此處的意思為“起得早的感覺非常好”。getup起床。故選A。16．A.unbelievably B．strangelyC．importantly D．likely答案D解析車里的書和衣服等可能就是這個流浪者在這個世界上所擁有的一切。likely很可能，或許。故選D。17．A.attacked B．watchedC．found D．a(chǎn)sked答案B解析當我走到他身邊時，他轉(zhuǎn)過來看著我。watch注視。故選B。18．A.choose B．purchaseC．need D．donate答案C解析我想你或許需要一些新襪子。根據(jù)上文可知答案。need需要。19．A.confused B．a(chǎn)shamedC．shocked D．happy答案A解析根據(jù)常識可知，突然有陌生人提供襪子，他剛開始應(yīng)該是疑惑的。confused疑惑的。故選A。20．A.socks B．packagesC．dollars D．pairs答案D解析此處應(yīng)是我又拿出了兩雙襪子給他的同伴。pair一雙。所以選D。21．A.talked B．movedC．played D．held答案B解析根據(jù)下文可知，此處指作者離開他們，繼續(xù)給其他人分發(fā)襪子。move移動。22．A.soldout B．putawayC．gaveout D．turnedaway答案C解析我的襪子分發(fā)完了。giveout分發(fā)。故選C。23．A.real B．honestC．grateful D．reliable答案A解析我感覺自己像一個真正的圣誕老人。real真正的。故選A。24．A.book B．changeC．life D．present答案D解析我知道當他們醒來的時候會發(fā)現(xiàn)這份有意義的禮物。present禮物。故選D。Ⅲ.語法填空(2017·安徽師大附中高二月考)Youaretwentyoneyearsoldandliveahappyand25.peaceful(peace)life.Butoneday，yourdoctortellsyouthatyouhaveaseriousdiseaseandwilldiesoon.Whatwouldyoudo？26.Probably(probable)mostofusmightfeelverysadandgiveupourdreamsandhopesforthefuture.Hereis27.whatthegreatscientist，StephenHawking，did.Hawkingwasn’t28.discouraged(discourage)becauseofhisphysicalcondition.Instead，hewentonwithhisstudyoftheuniverse.In2002，Hawking29.wasinvited(invite)toChina.HetoldChinesestudentsabouthistheoriesandthoughts30.onsomeofthegreatestquestions：whatistime，howtheuniversebegan，andwhatareblackholes.Heimpressedtheaudiencewithhishumor,31.confidence(confident)andofcoursehiswisdom.Hawkingbecamefamousintheearly1970s.In1988，hewroteABriefHistoryofTime，in32.whichheexplaineddifficulttheoriesinasimpleway.Thebook33.hasbeenselling(sell)wellsinceitcameout.StephenHawkingisamanwithastrongwillandheisregardedasthe34.greatest(great)mindinphysicssinceAlbertEinstein.Ⅳ.概要寫作(2018·溫州“十五校聯(lián)合體”高二期中聯(lián)考)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Whenwasthelasttimeyousentsomeonealetterbyregularmail？ThankstotheInternet，manypeopleprefertosendemailsratherthanmaillettersusingthepostalsystem.Youngpeopleenteringtheworkingworldtodayfindthemselvessendingandreplyingtohundredsofbusinessrelatedemailseveryweek.However，manyofthesesameyoungpeopledon’tseemtoknowsomebasicruleswhenitestosendingemailsatwork.Mostofthepeoplesaidtheydidn’tchecktheirspellingorpunctuation(標點)beforehitting“send”．Evenmoresurprisingwasthat5%ofthemsaidtheysometimesendemailstotheirbosswiththewords“l(fā)oveandkisses！”Whilethisisfineforpersonalmessagestofriendsandlovedones，itisnormallyconsideredimpro