專題11 完形填空（講練）（解析版）-2024中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)

1/1專題11完形填空完形填空是近年來全國英語中考一直采用的一種綜合性很強(qiáng)的測試題型。完形填空涉及的知識面廣，靈活性較高。它不僅能測試考生的英語知識水平和對所學(xué)知識的綜合運用能力，而且能反映出考生的閱讀理解能力，分析判斷能力和邏輯推理能力。完形填空通常選用一篇250個單詞左右的短文，一般采用故事體裁，盡量避免專業(yè)性太強(qiáng)的文章。完形填空要求考生既要運用自己所學(xué)過的詞匯、習(xí)慣用語、固定搭配、語法、句法等基礎(chǔ)知識理解每個句子，又要處理好句子與句子之間以及句子與全文之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，主要測試考生在具體語言環(huán)境中把握文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、中心思想和推理判斷、詞語辨析、習(xí)慣用法或固定搭配等方面的能力，以及對所學(xué)英語知識的綜合運用能力、快速閱讀理解能力和邏輯推理判斷能力等，因而該題型能較全面地反映考生對所學(xué)知識的掌握程度。完形填空題以考查實詞為主，主要包括名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞及相關(guān)短語。從近幾年的廣州市、北京中考試題來看，完形填空越來越強(qiáng)調(diào)對上下文以及通篇文章的理解完形填空題側(cè)重對語言應(yīng)用能力、閱讀理解能力的考查。它的知識構(gòu)建主要這幾個方面（1）從詞語層面：主要考詞語辨析、固定搭配與習(xí)慣表達(dá)；（2）從句子層面：主要考句子意義的邏輯性與合理性；（3）從篇章層面：主要考篇章的連貫和句與句之間的意義關(guān)系。題材日常生活②幽默故事③著名人物④文化習(xí)俗⑤科普知識⑥……文體記敘文（重點考查）②說明文③議論文（2023·廣州）Almosteveryonehasadreamjob,andforSusan,itisbeingawhale(鯨)trainerathercity’saquarium(水族館).Lastyear,Susanfinallyhada(n)____16____,butitwasmorethanjustsigningup.Peoplewhowantedthisjobhadtotakepartinacompetition.Theyneedtoshowhow____17____theycouldgodownintotheseven-metre-deeppoolthathousedthewhalesandhowlongtheycouldstaythere.Theonewhocouldreachthedeepestandstaythelongestunderwaterwouldgetthejob.Susansigneduptotryout,andeverythingwent____18____atfirst.Butthen,asshewentdowntoaboutfivemetresundertheicywater,herlegsstopped____19____.Thecoldwatercausedahugepaininherlegs.Shewasunabletoswimbacktothesurface.Shewasingreatfearandcouldn’tthink.Thisonlycausedherto____20____fartherintothepool.JustasSusan____21____hope,shesuddenlyfeltherselfbeingpushedtothesurface.ItwasMila,awhaleinthepool.ShenoticedSusan’s____22____,heldherleginhermouthandpushedSusanuptothesurface.Susanwas____23____,thankstoMila’squickaction.TheaquariumspokespersonsaidSusanwasreally____24____,becauseMilahadrealizedSusanneededhelpbeforeanyoftheworkinggroupdid,whichsavedvaluabletime.“Whalesare____25____animals—theyliveandplaytogether.Inthewild,theyshowgreatinterestinhumansandoftenswimclosetoboatsanddivers.”16.A.chance B.job C.dream D.idea17.A.soon B.far C.often D.hard18.A.close B.deep C.late D.well19.A.trying B.hurting C.working D.resting20.A.drop B.swim C.jump D.search21.A.gaveaway B.gavein C.gaveout D.gaveup22.A.look B.trouble C.move D.place23.A.changed B.lost C.chosen D.saved24.A.lucky B.brave C.afraid D.sad25.A.funny B.lonely C.social D.strong【答案】16.A17.B18.D19.C20.A21.D22.B23.D24.A25.C【解析】本文主要介紹Susan參加水族館鯨魚訓(xùn)練員比賽時在水下遇到意外，幸運的是她被一頭鯨魚救了。16.句意：去年蘇珊終于有一個機(jī)會，但它不僅僅只是報名。chance機(jī)會；job工作；dream夢想；idea主意。根據(jù)“butitwasmorethanjustsigningup.”可知是等來了機(jī)會，但是不僅僅是報名那么簡單。故選A。17.句意：他們需要去展示他們能游到7m深的泳池多遠(yuǎn)，那里住著鯨魚。還有他們可以待在那里多長時間。soon很快；far遠(yuǎn)；often經(jīng)常；hard困難。根據(jù)“Theyneedtoshowhow...theycouldgodownintotheseven-metre-deeppool”可知此處是howfar。表示“多遠(yuǎn)”。故選B。18.句意：蘇珊報名了，去參加選拔。一切事情一開始都進(jìn)展的很順利。close密切地；deep深的；late遲到的；well好的。根據(jù)“Butthen”可知后文轉(zhuǎn)折，表示不好的事情，說明前面是好的。everythingwentwell“一切進(jìn)展順利”。故選D。19.句意：但接下來，當(dāng)她在冰冷的水下深入到大約5m時，她的腿停止了工作。trying嘗試；hurting受傷；working工作；resting休息。根據(jù)“Thecoldwatercausedahugepaininherlegs.”可知冷水造成她的腿沒有知覺，不能動了。故選C。20.句意：這導(dǎo)致她掉到泳池更深的地方去了。drop丟掉；swim游泳；jump跳躍；search搜找。根據(jù)“Shewasingreatfearandcouldn’tthink.Thisonlycausedherto...”可知她在水下，腿沒有知覺，大腦不能思考，故會沉下去。故選A。21.句意：正當(dāng)蘇珊放棄了希望時，她突然感到她自己被推向水面。gaveaway贈送；gavein投降；gaveout分發(fā)，gaveup放棄。根據(jù)“...hope”可知是放棄希望。故選D。22.句意：是Mila，泳池里的一頭鯨，它注意到蘇珊的麻煩。把她的腿含在嘴里，并且把蘇珊推向了水面。look看；trouble麻煩；move移動；place地方。根據(jù)上文可知蘇珊腿不能動，遇到了麻煩，故選B。23.句意：蘇珊被拯救了，多虧了Mila的快速行動。changed改變；lost丟失；chosen選擇；saved拯救。根據(jù)“thankstoMila’squickaction.”可知多虧了鯨魚，把蘇珊救了。故選D。24.句意：水族館的發(fā)言人說蘇珊真的很幸運，因為Mila已經(jīng)在任何其他工作組之前意識到蘇珊需要幫助，這節(jié)約了寶貴的時間。lucky幸運的；brave勇敢的；afraid害怕的；sad傷心的。根據(jù)“whichsavedvaluabletime.”可知蘇珊被鯨魚救了是幸運的。故選A。25.句意：鯨是社交性動物，它們在一起居住和玩耍。funny有趣的；lonely孤單的；social社交的；strong強(qiáng)壯的。根據(jù)“theyliveandplaytogether.”可知是社交性動物。故選C。（一）考向探究完形填空要求考生不僅要會運用自己學(xué)過的詞匯和語法知識妥善地處理好每個單句，理解語義，還要處理好單句之間以及整個語篇的意義關(guān)系。難點主要是如何根據(jù)上下文的意義關(guān)系正確判斷所需的用詞。1、詞語層面(phraselevel)：詞語辨析、固定搭配、習(xí)慣搭配2、句子層面(sentencelevel)：句子意義的邏輯性與合理性3、段落層面(paragraphlevel)：段落的連貫和句與句之間的意義關(guān)系4、篇章層面(passagelevel)：語篇的連貫和句與句之間的意義關(guān)系考點分布完形填空以考查實詞為主，即動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞及相關(guān)短語為主，難點主要是如何根據(jù)上下文的意義關(guān)系正確判斷所需的用詞。（二）解題技巧1.邏輯推理題：注意對文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行邏輯分析、推理判斷。理解上下文的內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)和連貫意義。2.詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題：有些答案是會在上下文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的，關(guān)注語境，讀懂題意，選出答案。3.生活常識題：注意文化背景和生活常識，利用上下文線索,分析句子的關(guān)系。4.語境推斷題：注意對文章發(fā)生的背景，所處環(huán)境進(jìn)行分析，進(jìn)而理解語境，利用上下文線索，找到關(guān)鍵提示詞或句子，選出答案。5.固定搭配題：注意英語中的固定搭配、習(xí)慣用語及短語的運用。方法一、語境推斷根據(jù)上下文的語境提示或暗示，理解事件發(fā)生的語境，根據(jù)體驗語境和作者的情感態(tài)度，推斷出符合場景的最佳選項。例1（廣州卷節(jié)選）Onesunnymorning,whenZebra(斑馬)visitedtheriverforacooldrink,heheardatinyvoice.“Helpme,Zebra!”ZebralookedaroundandfoundWasp(黃蜂)16

inaspiderwebinathornbush(荊棘叢).16.A.restingB.playingC.caughtD.hidden

【點撥】由上文的“Helpme,Zebra!”可知黃蜂在求救，可推斷出黃蜂在荊棘叢中被蜘蛛網(wǎng)“抓住了”。故選C。rest“休息”，play“玩?！?，hide“隱藏”。例2（廣州卷節(jié)選）Carefully,Zebrareachedintoit,butthethorns

2

him.“Ouch!”Zebrasteppedbackandwasleaving.2.A.hurtB.hitC.refusedD.killed

【點撥】由下文的“Ouch!(驚嚇聲)”以及“斑馬后退一步并準(zhǔn)備離開”可推斷出，荊棘叢“刺傷”了斑馬。故選A。hit“打”，refuse“拒絕”，kill“殺死”。例3（廣州卷節(jié)選）WaspwasrestinginthebusheswhenshesawZebra.ShealsofoundLionhidingquietlyahead.IfZebragottooclosetoLion…Thinkingquickly,WaspflewdownandgaveLionasuddensting.The

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lioncried.“Roooooaaar!”Zebraheardtheloudcry.8.A.surprisedB.excitedC.interestedD.bored【點撥】由上文“黃蜂突然叮了獅子”以及下文“獅子大叫”可推斷出，獅子對突然的叮咬感到很“驚訝”。故選A。excited“興奮的”，interested“感興趣的”，bored“無聊的”。方法二、詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)是指文章中的某一詞以原詞、同源詞、同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、概括詞或其他形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語篇中，語篇中的句子通過詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)達(dá)到了互相銜接。例1（廣州卷節(jié)選）“Trytostayoutoftrouble,”Zebrasaid.“Imightnotbenearbythenexttimeaspidergets6.”Thenheleft.

…Amomentlater,WaspflewaroundZebra’shead.“Trytostayoutoftrouble,”Waspsaidwithalaugh.“Imightnotbenearbythenexttimealiongetshungry.”6.A.sleepy B.angryC.thirstyD.hungry【點撥】文章最后一段中復(fù)現(xiàn)了相同的話：Waspsaidwithalaugh,“Imightnotbenearbythenexttimealiongetshungry”。由此推斷選D，意為：下次蜘蛛餓的時候我可能不在附近。sleepy“昏昏欲睡的”，angry“生氣的”，thirsty“口渴的”例2（廣州卷節(jié)選）Allday,Zebrastayedwithhisfamilyuntilhenoticedhisfavouritefruit—someberries!…Thesurprisedlioncried.“Roooooaaar!”Zebraheardtheloudcry.Inasecond,heturnedaroundandranbacktohis

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.9.A.friendB.familyC.riverD.fruit【點撥】由文章倒數(shù)第四段可知，斑馬一整天和他的家人在一起，在得知獅子的存在后，斑馬迅速回到家人那里。故選B。friend“朋友”，river“河流”，fruit“水果”方法三、邏輯推理完形填空的各段落之間有著邏輯上的聯(lián)系，可以通過對故事的線索、文章前后各段之間的邏輯關(guān)系、文章前后內(nèi)容之間的邏輯關(guān)系以及人物情感的發(fā)展來分析和理解文章，以此推斷出正確答案。邏輯關(guān)系主要有：并列關(guān)系(and…)；轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(but,however,though,yet,otherwise,while…)；順序關(guān)系(before,after,then,finally…)；讓步關(guān)系(although,despite…)；因果關(guān)系(so,thus,for…)；條件關(guān)系(if,incase…)；遞進(jìn)關(guān)系(moreover,besides,furthermore,what’smore,inadditionto,aswellas…)。例1（廣州卷節(jié)選）Carefully,Zebrareachedintoit,butthethornshurthim.“Ouch!”Zebrasteppedbackandwasleaving…Zebralaughed.“I’mfastandstrong.Besides,Ihaveabigfamily.WhywouldIneedhelpfromalittlewasp?”“Pleasetryonemoretime,”Waspsaid.Zebraknockedatthewebagain.5,thistimeitwasenoughtofreeWasp.5.A.SadlyB.SuddenlyC.LuckilyD.Strangely【點撥】由上文可知，斑馬第一次想幫黃蜂的時候，被荊棘刺傷；下文提及，第二次能夠解救黃蜂了。由此可推斷出空格處表示“幸運地”，故選C。sadly“傷心地”，suddenly“突然地”，strangely“奇怪地”。方法四、生活常識，常用搭配將文章的意思和我們原有的生活經(jīng)驗、文化背景知識以及科普常識等結(jié)合起來，進(jìn)行簡單推理，從而得出正確答案。例1（廣州卷節(jié)選）Allday,Zebrastayedwithhisfamilyuntilhenoticedhisfavouritefruit—someberries!ThehungryZebraranto7

theberries.7.A.smellB.tasteC.touchD.watch【點撥】上文提及這些漿果是斑馬最喜歡的水果，結(jié)合生活常識可知，饑餓的斑馬在看到漿果后，跑過去“品嘗”這些漿果。故選B。smell“聞”，touch“摸”，watch“看”。點對點練習(xí)1.Whenwetalked,

IdiscoveredsomedifferencesinschoollifebetweentheUSandChina.Forexample,eachclasslastsfiftyminutesintheUS.Itisalittle__________thanthatinChina.Weusuallyhaveforty-fiveminutesineachclass.[]A.shorter

B.longer

C.earlier

D.later解題方法解題方法：語境推斷。中國每節(jié)課45分鐘，美國每節(jié)課50分鐘。故比中國時間長。答案選B2.I'vebroughtupasonwhocannoteven__________thetruthtohisownfather.[]A.talkB.speakC.sayD.tell解題方法解題方法：固定搭配。講真相。用tellthetruth.3.MrsGrantstoodupandabsent-mindedly(心不在焉)pickeduptheumbrellathatwas________ontheseatinfrontofher.[]A.hanging

B.appearing

C.droppingD.losing解題方法解題方法：生活常識。雨傘掛在座位上。答案選A4.Amyisamongthe___________ones.TheChineseUniversityofHongKonggrantedAmyafullscholarship-HK$500,000.Notallstudentsaresofortunate.[]A.poor

B.smartC.lucky

D.silent解題方法解題方法：單詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。fortunate幸運的，與lucky同義。同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。5.Mymotheroftenasked

me,“What

is

themostimportantpartofthebody?"Ithoughtsoundwasveryimportantto

usas

humans,So

I

said：“My_________,Mommy.”Shesaid：“No，Many

people

aredeaf...”[]A.ears

B.eyes

C.body

D.head解題方法解題方法：邏輯推理。因為我認(rèn)為聲音最重要。所以我認(rèn)為“耳朵是身體最重要的部分”（三）解題步驟要做好完形填空，必須掌握一定的解題方法和技巧，才能盡量做到在有能力得分的題上不丟分。完形填空的解題步驟是：通覽——試填——復(fù)核。1．通覽——速讀全文，把握大意?？焖匍喿x全文，通過通覽全文來領(lǐng)會大意，概略地了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)層次、情節(jié)、寫作風(fēng)格等，并找出信息詞。2．試填——緊扣文意，瞻前顧后。先易后難，逐層深入。緊扣全文內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系上下文和語境，展開邏輯推理，注意從上下文中尋找線索，注意從詞的意義、搭配、習(xí)慣用法、常識等多個角度進(jìn)行綜合考慮。3．復(fù)核——全面檢查，確保語意連貫，用詞準(zhǔn)確。試填后，要把全文再通讀一遍，注意看所選答案填入空白處后能否做到文章意思通順、前后連貫、邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、結(jié)構(gòu)完整、首尾呼應(yīng)。（2023·武漢）Passage1Katiesaidgoodbyetoherparentsatthefrontdooroftheircandyshopastheydroveoffforavacation,andKatie___1___she’dbeabletorunitwithAuntMaria’shelp.AuntMariadidn’thaveanyexperienceonbusiness,butsheisalwayscalled“___2___”.AsMariablewintothestore,shesaid,“Allright,Katiemylove,let’sgetthispartystarted.”Katietookherauntovertowherethefamilymadetheirowncandy,suchasfreshfudge(軟糖).AuntMaria___3__apieceofchocolatefudge.“Hmm,”shesaid.“It’sgood,butnot___4__.Wecanaddsomethingtomakethatbasictasteexciting.”BeforeKatiecould___5___whatMariameant,thewomanhadgonetothekitchen.Katieheardherwalkingaround,openingdrawersandthefridge.Thenshecamebackwithherhandsfullofthings.She__6___themontheworksurfacewithahappytune(小調(diào)).“Brusselssprouts(甘藍(lán))?”Katiegaveheraunta___7___look.Shecouldn’tbeserious!Butshewas.Thewoman’shandswerebusy___8___thegreenvegetablesandthenaddingthosesmallpiecesintothefudge.Katie’seyesgrewwideasshewatchedherauntmixthemtogether.Katie__10__asthebelloverthefrontdoorrang,announcingsome___9____.Threeboyscamein.“I’llhavestrawberryfudge,please,”saidthefirstboy.“Oh,how____11____,”laughedMaria.“Imustsuggestyoutrysomethingnew!Trythis!”SheofferedtheboystheBrusselssproutfudge.“It’sfree!____12____!”Surprised,buttoopoliteto___13___,theboysleftwiththefudge.“Theregoourcustomers.Theywilltelleveryonehowstrangeourcandyis,andnobodywillwanttoshophere!”Katiesaidtoherself.Shedidn’tknowwhattodo.Herparentsweregoingtobe____14____.Thesoundofthebellwokeherupfromher____15____.Theboyswereback!Butthistimetherewasacrowdofkidscomingintothestorewiththem.“GivemetwopiecesofBrusselssproutfudge,please.”1.A.promised B.remembered C.pretended D.checked2.A.friendly B.creative C.honest D.lucky3.A.noticed B.bought C.made D.tried4.A.soft B.sweet C.smooth D.special5.A.believe B.change C.question D.explain6.A.stuck B.left C.spread D.swept7.A.strange B.fresh C.black D.hungry8.A.washing B.weighing C.cutting D.cooking9.A.movedon B.lookedup C.brokedown D.cameover10.A.clerks B.policemen C.customers D.businessmen11.A.expensive B.cheap C.funny D.boring12.A.Stay B.Enjoy C.Go D.Help13.A.accept B.argue C.eat D.order14.A.mad B.calm C.relaxed D.silent15.A.mistakes B.memories C.plans D.thoughts【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.D5.C6.C7.A8.C9.B10.C11.D12.B13.B14.A15.D【解析】本文主要介紹了凱蒂的父母去度假時，她和瑪利亞阿姨照看她家的糖果店，瑪利亞阿姨制作了一些奇怪的糖果，這吸引了很多顧客。1.句意：當(dāng)父母開車去度假時，凱蒂在他們糖果店的前門向他們道別，凱蒂承諾在瑪麗亞阿姨的幫助下她可以經(jīng)營糖果店。promised承諾；remembered記得；pretended假裝；checked檢查。根據(jù)“she’dbeabletorunitwithAuntMaria’shelp”可知她承諾會好好經(jīng)營糖果店。故選A。2.句意：瑪麗亞阿姨沒有任何商業(yè)經(jīng)驗，但她總是被稱為“有創(chuàng)造力”。friendly友好的；creative有創(chuàng)造力的；honest誠實的；lucky幸運的。根據(jù)下文的描述可知，她制作了一些奇怪的糖果，所以她被認(rèn)為“有創(chuàng)造力”。故選B。3.句意：瑪麗亞阿姨嘗了一塊巧克力軟糖。noticed注意到；bought買；made制造；tried嘗試。根據(jù)“apieceofchocolatefudge”可知是嘗了一塊軟糖。故選D。4.句意：它很好，但并不特別。soft軟的；sweet甜的；smooth順滑的；special特別的。根據(jù)“Theywilltelleveryonehowstrangeourcandyis”可知店里的糖果不特別。故選D。5.句意：凱蒂還沒來得及問瑪麗亞什么意思，那個女人就已經(jīng)去廚房了。believe相信；change改變；question質(zhì)疑；explain解釋。根據(jù)“whatMariameant”可知是問瑪利亞阿姨她說的話是什么意思。故選C。6.句意：她用歡快的曲調(diào)把它們鋪在工作面上。stuck卡??；left離開；spread傳播；swept清掃。根據(jù)“themontheworksurface”可知是把拿來的東西放在工作面上，用動詞spread。故選C。7.句意：凱蒂奇怪地看了她姑姑一眼。strange奇怪的；fresh新鮮的；black黑的；hungry饑餓的。根據(jù)“Shecouldn’tbeserious”可知她很奇怪瑪利亞阿姨拿甘藍(lán)做什么。故選A。8.句意：這位女士的手正忙著切綠色蔬菜，然后把這些小塊加入軟糖中。washing洗；weighing稱重；cutting切；cooking做飯。根據(jù)“thegreenvegetables”可知是切這些蔬菜。故選C。9.句意：凱蒂抬頭一看，前門上的門鈴響了，宣布有顧客。movedon繼續(xù)前進(jìn)；lookedup向上看；brokedown分解；cameover過來。根據(jù)“asthebelloverthefrontdoorrang”可知鈴響時，她抬起頭看。故選B。10.句意：凱蒂抬頭一看，前門上的門鈴響了，宣布有顧客。clerks職員；policemen警察；customers顧客；businessman商人。根據(jù)“Theregoourcustomers”可知是有顧客。故選C。11.句意：真無聊expensive昂貴的；cheap便宜的；funny有趣的；boring無聊的。根據(jù)“Imustsuggestyoutrysomethingnew”可知瑪麗亞阿姨認(rèn)為年輕人要的軟糖很無趣，所以建議他嘗試一些新東西。故選D。12.句意：它是免費的。請享用吧！stay停留；enjoy享受；go去；help幫助。根據(jù)“It’sfree”可知是請他享用甘藍(lán)軟糖。故選B。13.句意：男孩們很驚訝，但太禮貌了，而不想爭辯，帶著軟糖離開了。accept接受；argue爭論；eat吃；order命令。根據(jù)“buttoopoliteto”可知他很有禮貌，所以不想爭辯。故選B。14.句意：她的父母都快瘋了。mad生氣的；calm平靜的；relaxed放松的；silent沉默的。根據(jù)“nobodywillwanttoshophere”可知沒有人來糖果店里買糖果，她父母會生氣。故選A。15.句意：鈴聲把她從思考中喚醒。mistakes錯誤；memories記憶；plans計劃；thoughts想法。根據(jù)“Katiesaidtoherself.”可知她一直在思考。故選D。Passage2（2023·蘇州）WhenIwaselevenyearsold,mylifechangedforeverwhenIgotaseriousdisease.Mylifewas___1___withoperationsandtreatments.IfeltstressedbecauseIwasreallyuncertain___2___everythingthatwashappening.Oneday,Iwasreceivingmythirteenthoperationinthehospital.Beingawayfrommyfriendsandschoolwascausingmealmostasmuch___3___astheoperationitself.Duringthathospitalstay,Ireceivedacardfromavolunteer.Thatsimple___4___meantmuchtomeandgavemehopeagainduringmytimeofneed.I’llnever___5___thewayIfeltafterthatsmallactofkindness.IstartedcreatinganorganizationcalledCardsforHospitalized(住院的)Kids.Thecharitybeganwithasimpledreamofgiving___6___,joyandmagictothosekids.Itlater___7___anationalorganizationthatsentcardstoover5000sickkidsatmorethan50hospitalsacrossthecountry.Itishardtobelievethatanactassimpleasacardcandosomuchgood,___8___itdoes.Seeingapictureofachild___9___oneofourcardswithahugesmilemakesuskeepthiswonderfulcharityalive.____10____mightprovidemedicineforthesesickkids,butweprovidethatlittlebitofhopeandmagicthat’llgoalongway.1.A.lighted B.matched C.filled D.painted2.A.about B.with C.over D.towards3.A.fun B.pain C.value D.danger4.A.act B.job C.game D.lesson5.A.mind B.lead C.forget D.risk6.A.hope B.fear C.shock D.pressure7.A.lookedup B.gaveup C.brokeinto D.turnedinto8.A.nor B.but C.for D.or9.A.selling B.printing C.holding D.cleaning10.A.Teachers B.Friends C.Patients D.Doctors【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.A5.C6.A7.D8.B9.C10.D【解析】本文講述了作者住院時收到了一個志愿者寄來的卡片，這個小小的舉動對作者意義重大，所以作者后來建一個名為住院兒童卡片的組織，給生病的孩子帶來希望、快樂和魔力。1.句意：我的生活充滿了手術(shù)和治療。lighted照亮；matched匹配；filled填充；painted畫畫。根據(jù)“WhenIwaselevenyearsold,mylifechangedforeverwhenIgotaseriousdisease.”可知因為作者得了一場重病，所以生活充滿了手術(shù)和治療，befilledwith“充滿”，故選C。2.句意：我感到壓力很大，因為我對正在發(fā)生的一切都不確定。about關(guān)于；with和；over在……上；towards朝著。beuncertainaboutsth“對某事不確定”，故選A。3.句意：離開我的朋友和學(xué)校給我?guī)淼耐纯鄮缀鹾褪中g(shù)本身一樣多。fun樂趣；pain痛苦；value價值；danger危險。根據(jù)“Beingawayfrommyfriendsandschool”可知離開了朋友和學(xué)校，作者是很痛苦的，故選B。4.句意：這個簡單的舉動對我意義重大，在我需要的時候給了我希望。act行為；job工作；game游戲；lesson課程。根據(jù)“Ireceivedacardfromavolunteer.”可知是指一個志愿者給作者寄卡片這個行為對作者意義重大，故選A。5.句意：我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記那次小小的善舉后我的感受。mind介意；lead引導(dǎo)；forget忘記；risk冒險。根據(jù)“I’llnever...thewayIfeltafterthatsmallactofkindness.”可知作者永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記這小小的善舉給自己帶來的感受。故選C。6.句意：這個慈善機(jī)構(gòu)始于一個簡單的夢想，那就是給那些孩子帶來希望、快樂和魔力。hope希望；fear害怕；shock震驚；pressure壓力。根據(jù)“Thecharity”可知慈善機(jī)構(gòu)是給孩子帶來希望的，故選A。7.句意：后來它變成了一個全國性的組織，給全國50多家醫(yī)院的5000多名生病的孩子送去了賀卡。lookedup查閱；gaveup放棄；brokeinto闖入；turnedinto變成。根據(jù)“anationalorganization”可知是指這個慈善機(jī)構(gòu)變成了全國性的組織，故選D。8.句意：很難相信像一張卡片這樣簡單的行為能帶來這么多好處，但它確實如此。nor也沒有；but但是；for為了；or或者。根據(jù)“Itishardtobelievethatanactassimpleasacardcandosomuchgood...itdoes”可知前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用but連接，故選B。9.句意：看到一個孩子帶著燦爛的笑容拿著我們的卡片的照片，讓我們把這個美好的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)繼續(xù)存在下去。selling賣；printing打?。籬olding持著；cleaning打掃。根據(jù)“Seeingapictureofachild...oneofourcardswithahugesmile”可知是指孩子拿著卡片，應(yīng)用holding，故選C。10.句意：醫(yī)生可能會為這些生病的孩子提供藥物，但我們提供的是那一點點希望和魔力，這將會走很長的路。Teachers老師；Friends朋友；Patients病人；Doctors醫(yī)生。根據(jù)“providemedicineforthesesickkids,”可知給生病的孩子提供藥物的是醫(yī)生，故選D。Passage3（2023·河南）Itwasarainy,windyOctoberafternoon.Garthstoodoutsidehishousewithawidesmile.Thiswas____1____weatherfortestinghisnewinvention—UmbrellaHat.Hecouldhardlywaittoseewhetheritcouldkeeptherainoff.Hecarefully____2____thehatonhisheadandstartedwalking____3____alongthestreet.Itworked!Suddenly,threeboysinhisneighborhoodappearedand____4____him.Todd,thebiggestone,pulledhisUmbrellaHatoffhishead.“What’sTHIS?”heasked.“It’sanUmbrellaHat.Youcanwearitonrainydaysand…”Garthsaid.Theboys____5____,“Willanyonewearthatstupidthing?”Toddthrewthehatontothegroundandtheyranoff.GarthpickeduphisUmbrellaHatfromthegroundintears.“MaybeToddwas____6____…inreality,whowouldeverneedhisinvention?”Heloweredhisheadandthoughttohimself.Suddenlyhe____7____andsawaladylookingathim.“Iwasjustleavingmyhouse____8____Isawyouandthoseboys.Areyouokay?”Thenshesawthe____9____UmbrellaHatandasked,“Er…what’sthat?”“It’smyUmbrellaHat.Ithoughtofitandmadeitmyself…”answeredGarth.“Whatacreative_____10_____youhave!Don’teverletstupidboysputyoudown!Keepinventingandonedayyouwill_____11_____somethingreallygreat!”saidthelady.“Andyouhavegivenmeawonderful____12_____,”shecontinued,“Ihaveagadget(小器具)shop—Gadgets4U—andI’dliketoholda_____13_____tofindthebestyounggadgetinventorinourtown.Iwilldisplay(展示)threebestinventionsinmyshop.I’msureyouwillhavea(n)____14_____ofwinningaprize.”Garthwasvery_____15_____.Gadgets4Uwasoneofhisfavoriteplacesandthethoughtofhavinghisinventiondisplayedinthatwonderfulplacewastooexcitingforwords.Hesuddenlyfeltmuchbetterandcouldalreadyfeellotsofnewideascomingout,waitingtospringintolife!1.A.cold B.perfect C.strange D.changeable2.A.raised B.placed C.dropped D.repaired3.A.heavily B.madly C.thankfully D.purposefully4.A.guided B.praised C.stopped D.refused5.A.replied B.laughed C.wondered D.greeted6.A.right B.angry C.polite D.silly7.A.cameup B.gaveup C.lookedup D.showedup8.A.when B.until C.if D.after9.A.ugly B.old C.broken D.tiny10.A.mind B.habit C.game D.tool11.A.show B.meet C.plan D.create12.A.skill B.gift C.idea D.job13.A.party B.meeting C.conversation D.competition14.A.choice B.chance C.excuse D.experience15.A.surprised B.bored C.relaxed D.worried【答案】1.B2.B3.D4.C5.B6.A7.C8.A9.C10.A11.D12.C13.D14.B15.A【解析】本文主要介紹了Garth發(fā)明了一個雨傘帽，但是三個男孩嘲笑他的發(fā)明，他感到很沮喪，但是一個女士鼓勵了他，他又重新燃?xì)饬讼Ｍ?.句意：這是測試他的新發(fā)明雨傘帽的最佳天氣。cold冷的；perfect完美的；strange奇怪的；changeable多變的。根據(jù)“Itwasarainy”可知下雨的天氣測試雨傘帽是完美的。故選B。2.句意：他小心翼翼地把帽子戴在頭上，開始有目的地沿著街道走。raised提高；placed放置；dropped掉落；repaired修理。根據(jù)“thehatonhishead”可知是把帽子放在頭上。故選B。3.句意：他小心翼翼地把帽子戴在頭上，開始有目的地沿著街道走。heavily重重地；madly生氣地；thankfully感激地；purposefully有意地。根據(jù)“alongthestreet”可知他帶著雨傘帽在雨中行走是為了測試，所以是有目的的。故選D。4.句意：突然，他附近的三個男孩出現(xiàn)并攔住了他。guided指導(dǎo)；praised表揚；stopped阻止，阻攔；refused拒絕。根據(jù)“threeboysinhisneighborhoodappearedand”可知是攔住他和他說話。故選C。5.句意：男孩們笑著說：“有人會戴那個愚蠢的東西嗎？”replied回答；laughed笑；wondered想知道；greeted打招呼。根據(jù)“Willanyonewearthatstupidthing”可知這些男孩笑他的發(fā)明很愚蠢。故選B。6.句意：也許Todd是對的。right正確的；angry生氣的；polite禮貌的；silly愚蠢的。根據(jù)“whowouldeverneedhisinvention”可知他現(xiàn)在也認(rèn)為Todd也許是對的。故選A。7.句意：突然，他抬起頭來，看到一位女士在看著他。cameup走上前；gaveup放棄；lookedup向上看；showedup現(xiàn)身。根據(jù)“sawaladylookingathim”可知是抬起頭看到了一位女士。故選C。8.句意：我剛離開家，就看到你和那些男孩。when當(dāng)……時候；until直到；if如果；after在……后。根據(jù)“Iwasjustleavingmyhouse...Isawyou...”可知是當(dāng)看到他們的時候。故選A。9.句意：然后她看到那頂破傘帽。ugly丑陋的；old老的；broken破的；tiny小的。根據(jù)“Toddthrewthehatontotheground”可知Todd把雨傘帽從他頭上拿下來，摔到了地上，所以這個帽子壞了。故選C。10.句意：你真有創(chuàng)造力！mind思想；habit習(xí)慣；game游戲；tool工具。根據(jù)“Whatacreative...”可知是大腦很有創(chuàng)造力。故選A。11.句意：繼續(xù)發(fā)明，總有一天你會創(chuàng)造出真正偉大的東西！show展示；meet遇見；plan計劃；create創(chuàng)造。根據(jù)“Keepinventingandonedayyouwill”可知是繼續(xù)發(fā)明，會創(chuàng)造出好東西。故選D。12.句意：你給了我一個絕妙的主意。skill技能；gift禮物；idea想法；job工作。根據(jù)“Andyouhavegivenmeawonderful...”以及下文的描述“I’dliketoholda...tofindthebestyounggadgetinventorinourtown.Iwilldisplay(展示)threebestinventionsinmyshop.”可知，他給了那位女士一個好的想法。故選C。13.句意：我想舉辦一場比賽，尋找我們鎮(zhèn)上最優(yōu)秀的年輕小工具發(fā)明者。party聚會；meeting會議；conversation交談；competition比賽。根據(jù)“findthebestyounggadgetinventorinourtown”可知要找到最優(yōu)秀的發(fā)明者，所以要舉辦比賽。故選D。14.句意：我相信你會有機(jī)會獲獎的。choice選擇；chance機(jī)會；excuse借口；experience經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)“ofwinningaprize”可知是有機(jī)會獲獎。故選B。15.句意：Garth非常吃驚。surprised吃驚的；bored無聊的；relaxed放松的；worried擔(dān)心的。根據(jù)“Gadgets4Uwasoneofhisfavoriteplaces”可知這個地方是他最喜歡的地方之一，所以當(dāng)他聽到這個店的老板說他有機(jī)會獲獎時，他感到很驚訝。故選A。Passage4（2023·杭州）InFebruary2007,abouttwohundredparagliderswereinAustraliatopreparefortheWorldChampionship.TheyincludedEwaWisnierska,aGermanparaglidingchampion(冠軍).Onemorning,asthe___1___weregettingreadytotakeoff,theynoticedthataterriblestormwascoming.However,theydecidedto___2___.Afterall,thesewerethebestparaglidersintheworld.Unluckily,asthecompetitorstookoff,theweatherquicklybecame___3___.Ewatriedtogetawayfromthestorm,buttwohuge___4___cametogetherandcaughther.ThecloudspulledEwaupinsidethestormlikealeafinthe___5___.Sheflewhigherandhigher,withlightning(閃電)andhailstones(冰雹)allaroundher.“Iwas___6___,”shetoldreportersafterwards.“ThelastthingI___7___,itwasdark.Icouldhearlightningallaroundme.”She___8___toabout10,000metershighandthenlostallhersenses.Atthatheight,thetemperaturewasabout-40℃.AfterfortyminutesEwawokeup.Shewasstillinsidethestorm.Itwasdarkandhailstoneswere___9___past.Theywereasbigastennisballs.Finally,Ewacameoutofthestormcloudand___10___towardsasmallfarmandlanded___11___.Shefelltotheground,too___12___tocallforhelp.Whenherteam____13____her,shewas60kmawayfromtheplacewhereshetookoff.Shewascoveredinice—butalive!Ewawassenttoa(an)___14___fortreatmentatonce,butafewdayslater,shecompetedintheWorldChampionship.“Flyingistoofantastictostop___15___anaccident,”shesaid.1.A.runners B.competitors C.pilots D.winners2.A.getup B.turnon C.lookup D.carryon3.A.colder B.cooler C.worse D.wetter4.A.storms B.clouds C.birds D.hands5.A.wind B.rain C.tree D.world6.A.shaking B.pulling C.dreaming D.smiling7.A.decide B.repeat C.consider D.remember8.A.guided B.drove C.returned D.rose9.A.flying B.walking C.crying D.pushing10.A.climbed B.jumped C.headed D.swam11.A.comfortably B.safely C.sadly D.secretly12.A.proud B.nervous C.weak D.brave13.A.served B.caught C.visited D.reached14A.hospital B.school C.hotel D.office15.A.nextto B.accordingto C.becauseof D.insteadof【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.B5.A6.A7.D8.D9.A10.C11.B12.C13.D14.A15.C【解析】本文講述了滑翔傘運動員艾娃被風(fēng)暴卷上天空最后安全著落的經(jīng)歷。1.句意：一天早上，當(dāng)參賽者準(zhǔn)備起飛時，他們注意到一場可怕的風(fēng)暴即將來臨。runners跑步者；competitors參賽者；pilots飛行員；winners贏家。根據(jù)“abouttwohundredparagliderswereinAustraliatopreparefortheWorldChampionship”可知，是滑翔傘比賽的參賽者。故選B。2.句意：然而，他們決定繼續(xù)下去。getup起床；turnon打開；lookup查閱；carryon繼續(xù)。根據(jù)“Afterall,thesewerethebestparaglidersintheworld.”可知，盡管風(fēng)暴要來了，他們還是決定繼續(xù)起飛。故選D。3.句意：不幸的是，當(dāng)參賽者起飛時，天氣很快變得更糟了。colder更冷；cooler更涼；worse更糟糕；wetter更濕潤。根據(jù)“Unluckily”和前文可知，風(fēng)暴要來了，天氣變得糟糕。故選C。4.句意：艾娃試圖逃離風(fēng)暴，但兩團(tuán)巨大的云層聚集在一起，把她抓住了。storms風(fēng)暴；clouds云；birds鳥；hands手。根據(jù)“Ewatriedtogetawayfromthestorm,buttwohuge…cametogetherandcaughther.”可知，是兩團(tuán)巨大的云來了。故選B。5.句意：云朵把埃娃像風(fēng)中的一片樹葉一樣拉進(jìn)了風(fēng)暴。wind風(fēng)；rain雨；tree樹；world世界。根據(jù)“l(fā)ikealeafinthe…”可知，把她比作風(fēng)中的樹葉，被輕而易舉地拉了進(jìn)去。故選A。6.句意：我在發(fā)抖。shaking發(fā)抖；pulling拉；dreaming做夢；smiling微笑。根據(jù)“Sheflewhigherandhigher,withlightning(閃電)andhailstones(冰雹)allaroundher.”可知，高空處很冷，所以她在發(fā)抖。故選A。7.句意：我記得的最后一件事是，天很黑。decide決定；repeat重復(fù)；consider考慮；remember記得。根據(jù)“ThelastthingI…,itwasdark.”可知，這是她記得的事情。故選D。8.句意：她上升到大約10000米高，然后失去了所有的感知。guided指導(dǎo)；drove開車；returned返回；rose升起。根據(jù)“toabout10,000metershigh”可知，是升到高空。故選D。9.句意：天很黑，冰雹呼嘯而過。flying飛；walking走；crying哭；pushing推。根據(jù)“hailstoneswere…past”可知，冰雹從她身邊飛過。故選A。10.句意：最后，艾娃從風(fēng)暴云中逃脫出來，向一個小農(nóng)場移去，安全著陸。climbed爬；jumped跳；headed移向；swam游泳。根據(jù)“towardsasmallfarm”可知，她在空中向一個農(nóng)場移動。故選C。11.句意：最后，艾娃從風(fēng)暴云中逃脫出來，向一個小農(nóng)場跳去，安全著陸。comfortably舒服地；safely安全地；sadly傷心地；secretly秘密地。根據(jù)“towardsasmallfarmandlanded…”可知，描述她著陸時的狀態(tài)，結(jié)合選項，應(yīng)是安全地。故選B。12.句意：她倒在地上，虛弱得無法呼救。proud驕傲的；nervous緊張的；weak虛弱的；brave勇敢的。根據(jù)“…tocallforhelp.”可知，她太虛弱，無法呼救。故選C。13.句意：當(dāng)她的團(tuán)隊找到她時，她離起飛的地方有60公里。served服務(wù)；caught抓?。籿isited拜訪；reached到達(dá)，取得聯(lián)系。根據(jù)“Whenherteam…h(huán)er,shewas60kmawayfromtheplacewhereshetookoff.”可知，她的團(tuán)隊找到了她，reached符合語境。故選D。14.句意：艾娃立刻被送到醫(yī)院接受治療，但幾天后，她參加了世界錦標(biāo)賽hospital醫(yī)院；school學(xué)校；hotel賓館；office辦公室。根據(jù)“fortreatment”可知，是送到了醫(yī)院。故選A。15.句意：飛行太美妙了，不能因為事故而停下來。nextto挨著；accordingto根據(jù)；becauseof由于；insteadof而不是。根據(jù)“Flyingistoofantastictostop…anaccident”可知，她認(rèn)為不能因為發(fā)生事故就停止飛行。故選C。Passage5（2023·江蘇揚州）Jacksataloneonthebusridehomefromschool.Allhisfriendswere____16____theirclassprojectsexcitedly,butJackremainedsilent.Howcouldtheyunderstandhisfeelingswhentheirparentswouldhelpthem?Hisparentsworkedallthetime.Whenthebusstopped,heracedhome,____17____hisschoolbagonthefloor,andwalkedstraighttohisbedroom.“Jack?”Grandpa’s____18____calledout.“Wasthatyou?”Jackstopped____19____heclosedhisbedroomdoor.“Yes,Grandpa,it’sme.”GrandpaHigginscamefromthekitchencarryingasandwich.“Youdon’tsoundokay,”hesaidashetooka____20____.ShouldJacktellGrandpathetruth?Whatcoul