壓力管道 2壓力管道材料部分

壓力管道2壓力管道材料部分(Pressurepiping2pressurepiping

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Thirty-six

Abstract:theselectionprocedureandprincipleofsteelpipe

forlongdistanceoilandgaspipelineareintroduced.

Accordingtothemediumthroughput,pipediameter,design

pressureandnaturalconditionsandotherfactors,combined

withtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofseveralcommonpipes,

determinethepipetype;selectthegrade,shouldconsiderthe

solderability,weldingprocess,wallthicknessroundnessand

minimumwallthicknessetc..Keywords:longdistancepipeline;

pipetype;steelgrade;design

Whenselectinganddesigningthesteelpipeforlongdistance

oilandgaspipeline,thediameterandpressureofthesteel

pipeshouldbedeterminedaccordingtotheuser'sdata,andthen

thedesignandselectionofthesteelpipecanbecarriedout

accordingtotheprincipleoftheselectionofthesteelpipe.

Theselectionprocedureisusuallytoselectthetubetype,then

todeterminethesteellevel,andtooptimizethedesignasmuch

aspossible.

1proceduresandprinciplesofsteelpipeselection

Theprogramisthefirstgeneralsteelpipelineisexpected

accordingtothetransmissionamount,deliverypressure

(startingpointandendpointpressurepressure),thelength

ofthepipeline,alongtheelevationdataandotherparameters

throughtheprocesscalculation,optimalpipediameterand

designpressure.Onthebasisofthedeterminationofpipe

diameterandpressure,theselectionanddesignofpipe

materialsarecarriedout.Inthedesignofsteelpipeselection

principlesareasfollows:theoilandgaspipelineforhigh

pressuretransmission,ifaproblemoccurs,theconsequences

beunbearabletocontemplate,sothereliablequalityofthe

steelpipeshouldbethefirst;thedomesticsteelproduction

processandtechnologyafteryearsofdevelopment,sincethe

specificationsandtypesareverycomplete,exceptinspecial

circumstances,thedomesticsteelpipearetomeettheneedof

engineering;fordifferentprojects,duetothepipelinemedium,

thetransportationpressureandalongtheregionofdifferent

naturalconditions,selectionofsteelpipeanditstechnical

requirementstobedifferent;theselectionofsteelpipe,to

considerthedomesticproductionandsupplycapacity,inorder

tosuccessfullypurchaseneededtoensuresteaminjection

safetyundertheconditionof19MPaformaximuminjection

Theinjectionpressurecanbeloweredonthebasisofthe

injectionspeed.

Oilandgasfieldsurfaceengineering,twenty-seventhvolume,

eleventhissue(2008111)

Selectionofsteelpipesfordomesticlongdistanceoilandgas

pipelines

(DaqingOilfieldEngineeringCo.,Ltd.)JiangGuangqing

(Daqingoilfieldfirstoilproductionplant)

Lisio

Steelpipeo

2advantagesanddisadvantagesofseveralcommonlyusedsteel

tubes

Atpresent,themaintypesofsteelpipeusedinlongdistance

pipelineareseamlesssteelpipe,resistanceweldedpipe,

straightsubmergedarcweldedpipeandspiralseamsubmerged

arcweldedpipe.Allkindsofsteelpipeaccordingtoits

manufacturingprocesshasthefollowingcharacteristics:(1)

seamlesssteelpipe.Seamlesssteelpipeisthroughthecold

drawing(rolling)withoutweldsteelormadeofhotrolled,cold

drawing(rolling)tubediameteris5~200mm,thicknessof0125

-14mm;hotrolledpipediametermorethan57mmisoftenused

forhotrollingseamlesssteeltube.Comparedwithseamless

steelpipespiralseamelectricresistanceweldingsteelpipe

andsteelpipe,theinnerwallissmooth,hastheadvantages

ofhighbearingcapacity,goodcorrosionresistance,coating

qualityiseasytoguarantee;disadvantageistheovalityand

wallthicknessdeviation,highproductioncostandshorter

lengthofrootcanal.(2)resistanceweldedpipe.The

longitudinalresistanceweldingpipeisasteelpipeformedby

resistanceweldingorinductionwelding.Theweldseamis

generallynarrowandtheremainingheightissmall.Theutility

modelhastheadvantagesofsmoothweldingseam,high

dimensionalaccuracy,easyguaranteeofthequalityofthe

anticorrosivelayer,etc.thedefectisthattheweldingseam

ispronetoproducegrayspotsandgroovecorrosiondefects,

andtheweldingseamhaspoortoughness.(3)spiralseam

submergedarcweldedpipe.

Theadvantagesofspiralseamsubmergedarcweldedsteelpipe

isgoodstresscondition,anticrackability,highrigidity,

lowprice;thedisadvantageistheprobabilityofdefects,the

weldislongerthanthestraightpipe,theresidualstress

existsinsidethetube,andtheweldcoatingeasilythinned,

noteasytocontrolthequalityofmilk.(4)directsubmerged

arcweldedpipe.Theadvantagesoflongitudinalsubmergedarc

weldedpipeareshortweldlength,lessdefects,guaranteeof

weldquality,regularsizeandlittleresidualstress.The

disadvantageishighprice.For24166%,itispredictedthat

therecoveryratewillbeincreasedby12125%comparedwiththe

presentsituation.Reference

[1]ZouYanxia.Productiontechnology[M].Beijing:Petroleum

IndustryPress,2006.[2]Liuarticle.[M]technologyofheavy

oilsteaminjection.Beijing:PetroleumIndustryPress.[3]Tan

Baoguo,DaiTao,YangYaozhong,etal.Numericalsimulation

modelingtechnology[M]finereservoir.Sheng[4]LiYun.

Reservoirsimulation[M].PetroleumUniversityPress,19991

(hostZhangXiuli)[5]AnonlTertiaryoilrecoveryproject

makesCanadianoilhistory[J]1Endrgyprocessing/Canada,1985,

78(1):22-24.

3recommendedprogramdevelopmentindicators

Basedontheaboveanalysis,itisrecommendedthatthesteam

injectionparametersofBIOwellincludesteaminjection

intensityof200t/m(steaminjectionvolume:2500t),maximum

liquiddischargerateof50m,steaminjectionrateof10t/

h,andtimeofwellsoaking

Three

For5d;bottomholedrynessis015;injectionpressureis19

MPa.

Thelapseratebetweenthefirst6cyclesis37178%,andthe

lapserateisbetweenthe4posteriorperiods

104m3,therecoverydegreewas15106%,andtheinitialoil

contentwas43157m3,

Itisestimatedthatthecumulativeproductioncapacitywill

be413106x10attheendofthecycle

32飛30mmwithawallthicknessof215~75mm.Inpipeline

engineering,

Collectionofexplorationanddevelopmentinlioilprovince

(partsecond).Beijing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,1(1999.)

Selectionof3steeltubetypes

Intheselectionofpipetype,notonlythecharacteristicsof

severalcommonlyusedsteelpipetypes,butalsothe

transportationmedium,thepipediameter,thedesignpressure,

thenaturalconditionalongthewayandthepriceofsteelpipe

shouldbeconsidered.(1)conveyingmedium.Themain

transportationmediumofoilandgaspipelineiscrudeoil,

refinedoilandnaturalgas.Foroilpipelines,GB/T97111

1-1997standardsaregenerallycarriedout.BecausetheGB/

T971112andGB/T971111comparedtothechemicalcomposition,

mechanicalproperties,pipesamplingandothermorestrict

requirements;comparedwiththepipeline,oncebrokengas

pipeline,moredifficulttocrack,moredangerous,steelneed

tochoosemoresecurequality,especiallythehighpressuregas

pipelinesteelpipetotheimplementationofthestandardGB/

T971112-1997.(2)pipediameter.Affectedbythesupplyof

steelpipe,thegeneralsmallandmedium-sizedpipediameter

ismadeofseamlesssteelpipe,longitudinalresistancewelded

pipeandspiralseamsteelpipe.Largediameterpipelinesare

mainlymadeoflongitudinalsubmergedarcweldedpipeand

spiralseamsubmergedarcweldedpipe.Ingeneral,theseamless

steelpipeismainlyapplicabletotheDN200pipeline,electric

resistanceweldingsteelpipeforDN150'DN350pipe,spiral

submergedarcweldedsteelpipeforDN200pipeline,LSAWpipe

usedformorethanDN500largediameterpipeline.(3)design

pressure.Intheselectionofsteeltubes,thedesignpressure

isalsoanimportantfactor,andthehigherthedesignpressure,

thegreatertheriskofpipelines.Fortheoilpipeline,the

pipelinemaximumpressurehavebeenbuiltupto10MPa,select

theseamlesssteelpipe,straightseamweldedpipeandspiral

submergedarcweldedsteelpipe,etc.arepossible,thisaspect

alsohassuccessfulexperience,suchasthedesignpressureof

theLANChengduChongqingpipelinein10MPa,thetypesofsteel

pipeusing;

Forthegaspipeline,thedomesticconstructionofthemain

spiralweldedseamweldedsteelpipe,inthespecialareausing

longitudinalresistanceweldedsteelpipe,thedesignpressure

isbasically614~12MPa.(4)naturalconditionsalongtheroute.

LongdistanceoilandgaspipelineinChinaistoensurethe

pipelineitselfanditssurroundingsecuritybythestrength

ofthepipe,inthepeopleandbuildingscrowdedareasshould

beusedtobetterensurethequalityofthesteelwireandthe

westeastgaspipelinehaveadoptedthismode.(5)economic

factors.Steelpipebecauseofitslargeamount,inthepipeline

engineeringmaterials,equipmentcostsaccountedformorethan

half,especiallyinrecentyears,steelpricescontinuetosoar,

theproportionofinvestmentinsteelpipewillrise.Therefore,

payspecialattentiontothepriceshouldbeselectedwhenthe

steelpipe,seamlesssteelpipepricesgenerallywashigher

thanthatofweldedpipeandspiralweldedsteelpipe,welded

steelpipepricescheaperthantheotherthreekindsofsteel

pipe;LSAWpipeforitsstudents

Tube.Thegaspipelineismoreprominent,selectionofsteel

pipewithlargediameterandhighpressuregaspipeline,

consideringthecurrentsituationofChina'ssteelproduction,

domesticexpertsinlargediameter,highpressurepipeline,one

ortwoareassuitableforspiralsubmergedarcweldedsteelpipe,

thethreeorfourlevelareasshouldadopttheLSAWpipe.

DomesticbuiltloyaltyWu

Oilandgasfieldsurfaceengineering,twenty-seventhvolume,

eleventh(2008111)37

Productionlineone-timeinvestmentofuptonearly100million

U.S.dollars,althoughitsproductivityismuchhigherthan

thespiralseamsteelpipe,buttheexfactorypriceofsteel

pipeisstillhigherthanthespiralseamsteelpipe20%~30%.

(6)procurement.Accordingtothedomesticproduction

situationofsteelpipe,seamlesssteelpipeweldedsteelpipe,

mm<35516<610,mm<1426mmspiralseamsteelpipeandthe

longitudinalsubmergedarcweldingpipediameter<1016mmand

belowtheproductionperformanceofdomesticmanufacturers,

suppliershavenoproblem.

4steelpipelevelselection

Indesign,thechoiceofsteelpipelevel,generallyfirstthree

primarydifferences

Thesteelgradeiscalculatedbythewallthicknesscalculation

formulaofthesteeltube,thentheactualwallthicknessis

determinedbyrounding,andthetotalamountandthetotalcost

ofthedifferentsteelgradesarefinallycalculated.Withthe

resultofeconomiccalculationandthetechnicalcomparison,

thegradeofsteelpipeisfinallydetermined.Forsteelgrade

selection,thefollowingproblemsshouldbepaidattentionto:

(1)weldabilityofsteelpipe.Withtheincreaseofthesteel

grade,thestrengthofthesteelpipeincreases,thetoughness

decreases,andtheweldabilitybecomesworse.X42belowthe

steelgradepipe,whentheambienttemperatureishigherthan

5degrees,thescenewithoutpreheating,canbeweldedstraight;

X42steelabovepipe,weldingmustbepreheated.Ifthesteel

levelistoohigh,incoldweatherconstruction,butalsoafter

weldingheatpreservation,these

Factorsshouldalsobetakenintoaccountwhenselectingsteel

grades.(2)weldingprocess.Fordifferentsteelgrades,

differentweldingmaterialsshouldbeusedtomatch,andthe

selectionofweldingmaterialsisdirectlyrelatedtothe

weldingmethod.X70andX70belowthesteellevel,generally

usedautomaticwelding,semi-automaticweldingandmanual

welding,thedomestichasamatureweldingprocess.(3)wall

thicknessrounding.Whencalculatingthewallthicknessofthe

steeltube,thewallthicknesscalculatedforsomebigdiameter

andhighpressurepipesisoftendiffer