重慶市縉云教育聯(lián)盟2020-2021學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末考試試題（含解析）

重慶市縉云教育聯(lián)盟20202021學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末考試試題（含解析）注意：本試卷包含Ⅰ、Ⅱ兩卷。第Ⅰ卷為選擇題，所有答案必須用2B鉛筆涂在答題卡中相應(yīng)的位置。第Ⅱ卷為非選擇題，所有答案必須填在答題卷的相應(yīng)位置。答案寫(xiě)在試卷上均無(wú)效，不予記分。一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共分）AWonderingwhatthemeaningoflifeis?Goodnewsyou'llprobablyfeellikeyouknowwhenyou'rearoundage60.That'stheagewhenpeoplereportfeelingthatthere'sthemostmeaningintheirlives,andtheyhavetheleastneedtosearchformeaning,accordingtoarecentlypublishedresearch.Theresearchalsofoundthataspeople'ssenseofmeaninginliferises,sodoestheirwellbeing."Peoplewithpurposeinlifearephysicallyandpsychologicallyhealthier,"saidDr.AwaisAftab,apsychiatrist,wholedtheresearch.AftabandhiscolleaguesuseddatafromastudyofadultsinSanDiegoCountythatrecruited（招募）alargenumberofpeopleaged70andolder.Thissurveyincludedaquestionaboutthelevelofmeaningpeoplefoundintheirlifeandtheleveloftheirsearchformeaning.The1,042adultsincludedinthestudyalsoansweredquestionsoverthetelephoneabouttheirmentalandphysicalhealth.TheresultsshowedthatbothsenseofmeaningandsearchformeaningtendtobeUshapedoveraperson'slifetime.Presenceofmeaningstartslowinthe20sandgraduallyrisestoapeakaroundage60,onaverage,beforedecliningagain.Thesearchformeaningisamirrorimage:Itstartshighinpeople's20sanddropstoanalltimelowaroundage60beforeclimbinginolderage."Youngadultsintheirtwentiesandadultsintheirthirtiesareactivelyseekingoutcareers,friendships,andromanticrelationships,"AftabwroteinanemailtoLiveScience.Peopleintheirfortiesandfiftiesusuallyhavemoreestablishedcareersandrelationships;manyofthemhavefamiliesandchildren.Afterage60,withretirementandincreasinghealthissues,theestablishedsourcesofmeaningintheirlivesbegintofadeandpeopletendtostartsearchingforothersourcesofmeaning.1.Whichofthefollowingisafindingoftheresearch？A.People'ssenseofmeaninginlifeincreaseswithage.B.Healthierpeopletendtoleadamoremeaningfullife.C.Thelevelofsearchformeaningisfairlyhighinyouth.D.Thelevelsofmeaningandsearchformeaningcorrespond.2.Whichgroupprobablyhavethestrongestsenseofmeaninginlife？A.Peopleover70yearsoldlivingalone.B.Youngadultsintheir20sstillhuntingforajob.C.Peopleintheir50swithstablecareersandfamilies.D.Retiredpeopleintheir60swithvarioushealthproblems.3.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout？A.Theresultsoffadinglifepurposes.B.Thereasonsbehindtheresearchfindings.C.Thelessonsyoungadultsshouldlearnearly.D.Theinfluenceofageonpeople'slifepurposes.【答案】1.C2.C3.B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章闡述了一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果，對(duì)生活意義的追求與年齡有關(guān)，同時(shí)隨著人們生活意義的提高，幸福感也會(huì)提高?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段句子“Thesearchformeaningisamirrorimage:Itstartshighinpeople's20sanddropstoanalltimelowaroundage60beforeclimbinginolderage.（對(duì)人生意義的探索則與之相反:人生意義在人們20多歲時(shí)開(kāi)始高漲，在60歲左右跌至歷史最低水平，然后隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而攀升。）”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)年輕人對(duì)人生意義的追求水平相當(dāng)高。所以選C。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段句子“Peopleintheirfortiesandfiftiesusuallyhavemoreestablishedcareersandrelationships;manyofthemhavefamiliesandchildren.（四十多歲和五十多歲的人通常有更成熟的職業(yè)和人際關(guān)系；他們中的許多人都有家庭和孩子。）”可見(jiàn)人們?cè)?0多歲的時(shí)候，會(huì)有穩(wěn)定的事業(yè)和家庭，會(huì)有強(qiáng)烈的生活意義感，這組人可能在生活中最有意義。所以選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，Aftab在給生活科學(xué)雜志的電子郵件中寫(xiě)道:“20多歲的年輕人和30多歲的成年人都在積極尋求事業(yè)、友誼和愛(ài)情?！彼奈迨畾q的人通常有更成熟的事業(yè)和人際關(guān)系;他們中的許多人都有家庭和孩子。60歲之后，隨著退休和越來(lái)越多的健康問(wèn)題，他們生活中已有的意義的來(lái)源開(kāi)始褪色，人們傾向于開(kāi)始尋找其他的意義來(lái)源。可推斷，最后一段分析了不同年齡階段人們的具體情況以及他們不同的生活意義，因此推斷最后一段主要講研究結(jié)果背后的原因，所以選B。BAt5:12amonApril18,1906,peoplelivinginSanFranciscowereawakenedbya40secondearthquake.Aftera10secondstop,anevenstrongerearthquakestruck,lasting25seconds.Survivorssawthegroundmoveinwavesashighasthreefeet.Theearthquakedamagedstreets,andstreetcarrails.Firesbrokeoutsoonaftertheearthquake,causedprimarilybyoverturnedstoves(爐子)ordamagedelectricalwiring.Becausethecity’swatermainshadsufferedmorethan300breaks,nowaterwasavailable(可用的)tofightthefires,whichrapidlyburnedbeyondcontrol.Tocontrolthefire,firefightersbegantodynamite(炸毀)buildingsinitspath.Unfortunately,thismethodsometimesspreadthefire.BytheeveningofApril18,1,700soldiershadarrivedinSanFranciscotohelpbothlocalpeopleandthefirefighters.Afterburninguncontrolledforthreedays,thefirefinallyburneditselfoutbythemorningofApril21.Morethan28,000buildingshadbeendestroyed,resultinginabout$500millionindamage.Althoughtheofficialnumberofdeathswas311,itisnowbelievedthatabout3,000peoplewerekilled.About250,000people(twothirdsofthecity’spopulation)werelefthomeless.Theywereforcedtoliveintents(帳篷)inpublicparks.Amongtheearthquake’ssurvivorswasthefamousItalianoperasingerEnricoCaruso.OnthenightofApril17,hehadperformed(表演)theroleofJoséinGeorgesBizet’s1875opera,“Carmen,”andhadbeenscheduledforanotherperformanceonApril18.CarusowassoshockedbytheearthquakethathemadeuphismindnevertoreturntoSanFranciscoagain.AnselAdams,age4,survivedtheearthquakealongwithhisfamily,thoughtheirhouseandmanythingsweredamaged.AnaftershockthrewyoungAdamsfacefirstintoagardenwall,givinghimwhathisfriendCedricWrightwouldcallan“earthquakenose.”Describinghisbrokennose,whichwasneverrepaired,Adamswouldlaterjoke,“Mybeautywasdamagedforever.Buthefeltthepowerofthequake,whichhecalledhis“closestexperiencewithterriblehumansuffering.”4.Whatmadeitdifficulttocontrolthefire?A.Damagedstreets.B.Fallenbuildings.C.Thebigproblemofgettingwater.D.Thelownumberoffirefighters.5.Whatwasthesituationlikeaftertheearthquake?A.Deadbodiescouldbefoundinpublicparks.B.Morethanhalfofthelocalshadtofindshelter.C.Over250,000peoplehadtoliveonthestreet.D.About28,000buildingssurvivedwithlittledamage.6.HowdidEnricoCarusofeelabouttheearthquake?A.pletelylost. B.Veryfrightened.C.Reallyannoyed. D.Extremelysad.7.What.happenedto4yearoldAnselAdams?A.Hewaslaughedatbyhisfriend.B.Hisfamilymemberswerehurtbadly.C.Hislookswereunexpectedlychanged.D.Hegotinjuredwhiletryingtoprotecthisnose.【答案】4.C5.B6.B7.C【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了1906年4月18日發(fā)生在舊金山的地震的情況。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Becausethecity’swatermainshadsufferedmorethan300breaks,nowaterwasavailable(可用)tofightthefires,whichrapidlyburnedbeyondcontrol.（于該市的自來(lái)水總管道有300多處斷裂，沒(méi)有水來(lái)滅火，大火很快就失去了控制。）”可知取水困難（大問(wèn)題）使得大火難以控制，故選C。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“About250,000people(twothirdsofthecity’spopulation)werelefthomeless.Theywereforcedtoliveintents(帳篷)inpublicparks.（大約25萬(wàn)人（占城市人口的三分之二）無(wú)家可歸。他們被迫住在公園里的帳篷里。）”可知地震后的情況是有一半多的當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬坏貌蝗ふ冶茈y處，故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“CarusowassoshockedbytheearthquakethathemadeuphismindnevertoreturntoSanFranciscoagain.（地震使卡魯索大為震驚，他下定決心再也不回舊金山了。）”可知EnricoCaruso對(duì)這次地震感到很害怕，故選B。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“AnaftershockthrewyoungAdamsfacefirstintoagardenwall,givinghimwhathisfriendCedricWrightwouldcallan‘earthquakenose.’（一次余震時(shí)年輕的Adams的臉朝下撞到了花園的墻上，變成了他朋友CedricWright所說(shuō)的“地震鼻子”。）”再結(jié)合“Mybeautywasdamagedforever.（我的美永遠(yuǎn)被破壞了。）”可知4歲的AnselAdams撞破了鼻子，也就是他的外貌出乎意料地改變了，故選C。CThePharos,thegreatlighthouseofAlexandria,wasoneoftheSevenWondersoftheAncientWorld.ItstoodontheislandofPharos,intheharborofthecityofAlexandria.In290B.C,PtolemyISoter,therulerofEgypt,orderedthebuildingofthelighthouse.Twentyyearslater,itwasfinished?thefirstlighthouseintheworldandthetallestbuildingonEarthexcepttheGreatPyramidofEgypt.ThePharoswasdesignedbySostrates,aGreekarchitect.Sostrateswantedtoleavehisnameonthebaseofthelighthouse.ButPtolemyrefused,orderingthatonlyhisownnameappearonthebuilding.ButSostratesfoundawaytodothat.AtthebaseofthePharos,Sostratesleftamessagecontaininghisownname.Thenhecovereditwithplaster(建筑石膏)andleftPtolemy'snameoverit.Aftermanyyears,theplasterdisappearedandpeopleknewthetruearchitectofthelighthouse.In1302and1323,twostrongearthquakeshitAlexandria,andthelighthousewasdamaged.In1326,itfinallyfellintothesea.MuchofwhatweknowaboutthelighthouseesfromthewritingsofArabswhooncevisitedthePharos.ThePharoswasabout384feettall,thesameheightasamodern40storeybuilding.AtthetopofthelighthousestoodalargestatueofPoseidon,theGreekgodofthesea.Underitwasabeacon,thesourceoflightforthelighthouse.ThePharosusedtwokindsofbeacons.Atnight,alargefirecreatedthelight.Duringtheday,ahugemirrormadeuseofthesunlighttocreatethelight.Itwassaidthatthemirrorwasalsousedtosetenemyshipsonfireastheyenteredtheharborbydirectingthesun’srays(sunlight)atthem.Althoughitisclearlyimpossible,theideaisinteresting.8.WhydidSostratesuseplasteratthebaseofthePharos?A.TofollowPtolemy'sorders.B.Tohidehisnameleftonthebase.C.Toprotectthebasefromdamage.D.Tomakethelighthousemorebeautiful.9.HowlonghadthePharosstayedstanding?A.Forabout800years. B.Forabout1,000years.C.Forabout1,600years. D.Forabout2,000years.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph4referto?A.Thelighthouse. B.Thestatue.C.Alargefire. D.Ahugemirror.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.SostratesandPtolemy.B.Thefunctionofanoldlighthouse.C.ThePharos,awonderoftheancientworld.D.Thearchitectofanoldlighthouse.【答案】8.B9.C10.B11.C【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了古代世界七大奇跡之一的亞歷山大港的Pharos燈塔的建造時(shí)間、建筑師、毀滅時(shí)間以及燈塔的結(jié)構(gòu)和使用功能等?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“AtthebaseofthePharos,Sostratesleftamessagecontaininghisownname.ThenhecovereditwithplasterandleftPtolemy'snameoverit.”（在Pharos的地基上，Sostrates留下了一條包含他自己名字的信息。然后他用石膏把它覆蓋起來(lái)，并把Ptolemy的名字留在上面。）可知，Sostrates在Pharos的底部使用石膏是為了把他的自己的名字留在地基上，故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In290B.C,PtolemyISoter,therulerofEgypt,orderedthebuildingofthelighthouse.”（公元前290年，埃及統(tǒng)治者PtolemyISoter下令建造燈塔。）以及第三段“In1302and1323,twostrongearthquakeshitAlexandria,damagingthelighthouse.In1326,itfinallyfellintothesea.”（在1302年和1323年，兩次強(qiáng)烈地震襲擊了亞歷山大港，損壞了燈塔。1326年，它終于墜入大海。）可知，亞歷山大港的Pharos燈塔始建于公元前290年，毀于公元1326年，因此Pharos燈塔存在的時(shí)間是1326+290=1616，大約存在了1600年，故選C項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上一句“AtthetopofthelighthousestoodalargestatueofPoseidon,theGreekgodofthesea.”（燈塔頂上矗立著希臘海神波塞冬的大型雕像。）可知，“Underitwasabeacon,thesourceoflightforthelighthouse.”這一句指的是“在雕像下面是一個(gè)信號(hào)燈，燈塔的光源。因此本句中的it指的是上一句中的statue，“雕像”，故選B項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。本文主要介紹的是古代世界七大奇跡之一的亞歷山大港的Pharos燈塔的建造時(shí)間、建筑師、毀滅時(shí)間以及燈塔的結(jié)構(gòu)和使用功能等，C項(xiàng)概括性強(qiáng)，符合標(biāo)題要求，故選C項(xiàng)。DWehumansusedtothinkthatourabilitytousetoolsmadeusdifferentfromallotheranimals.Butthenwefoundoutthatchimpsusetools,too,suchasstickstogatherdistantsnacksandrockstohammeropennuts.Andsomebirdsusetools—likebrainyNewCaledoniancrows(烏鴉),whichcancollectmultiparttoolstosolvepuzzleboxespresentedtothembyresearchers.Nowwe’velearnedthatadifferentgroupofbirds—seabirds—canalsousetools.ScientistsspiedonAtlanticpuffins,thedistinctivebirdswithbrightorangebeaks(鳥(niǎo)喙).Andin2014theobserversspottedonefloatingontheseaoffWales,scratching(抓撓)itsbackwithastick.Then,in2018,theresearcherscaughtanothertoolusingpuffinoncamera,onIceland’sGrímseyIsland.Intheshortvideoclip,apuffincanbeseengrabbingastickwithitsbeakandthenusingittoscratchitschest—perhapstoremoveoneoftheseabirdticks(蜱蟲(chóng))livingontheislandthatsummer.Thedetailsaboutpuffins’superbabilityareintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.StudyauthorAnnetteFayettoldScientificAmericaninanemailthatthesetwoinstancesdon’tprovethatseabirdsarehighlyintelligent—thoughtheycouldbesmarterthanwethought.Butwhatiscertain,shesays,isthatpuffinpopulationsarecrashing,andit’slargelythefaultofusandourtools—whichhaveledtooverfishing,climatechange,marinepollutionandthepresenceofinvasivespecies,allofwhichmakeseabirdlifeharder.Itwouldbenicetokeeppuffinsandotherbirdsaroundandfindoutjustwhatelsewedon’tknowthatthey’reabletodo.12.Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?A.Chimpsaresmarterthanotheranimals.B.Crowsarethecleverestbirdsintheworld.C.Someanimalsaresmarterthanoriginallythought.D.Mammalsandbirdsareclevererthanotherspecies.13.Whatabilitydopuffinshaveaccordingtothefindings?A.Tofloatonthewater. B.Totreatsomediseases.C.Tokillislandinsects. D.Tomakeuseofastick.14.Whatelsedoesthestudyaboutpuffinsshow?A.Theypossesshighintelligence.B.Theyhavebeenendangeredforlong.C.Theirnumberisdecreasingveryfast.D.Theirexistenceaffectsotherseaanimals.15.WhatdoAnnetteFayet’swordsimply?A.Itisnecessarytoprotectseabirdslikepuffins.B.Humansaretoblameforsomespecies’extinction.C.Scientistshaveknownmorethantheyneedaboutbirds.D.Enoughevidencehasbeencollectedtoprovepuffins’value.【答案】12.C13.D14.C15.A【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了有些動(dòng)物使用工具的能力比人類(lèi)想象的要聰明得多，尤其是還鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)，但是由于人類(lèi)的過(guò)渡捕獵，環(huán)境污染等活動(dòng)，導(dǎo)致這些動(dòng)物數(shù)量銳減，因此保護(hù)這些動(dòng)物很有必要。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Wehumansusedtothinkthatourabilitytousetoolsmadeusdifferentfromallotheranimals.Butthenwefoundoutthatchimpsusetools,too,suchasstickstogatherdistantsnacksandrockstohammeropennuts.（我們?nèi)祟?lèi)曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為我們使用工具的能力使我們不同于其他動(dòng)物。但后來(lái)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，黑猩猩也會(huì)使用工具，比如用棍子收集遠(yuǎn)處的零食，用石頭砸開(kāi)堅(jiān)果。）”后面緊接著舉例烏鴉也會(huì)使用工具，可知，有些動(dòng)物比我們想象的要聰明。故選C項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Andin2014theobserversspottedonefloatingontheseaoffWales,scratching(抓撓)itsbackwithastick.Then,in2018,theresearcherscaughtanothertoolusingpuffinoncamera,onIceland’sGrímseyIsland.Intheshortvideoclip,apuffincanbeseengrabbingastickwithitsbeakandthenusingittoscratchitschest—perhapstoremoveoneoftheseabirdticks(蜱蟲(chóng))livingontheislandthatsummer.（2014年，觀察者們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只漂浮在威爾士海面上大西洋海鸚用一根棍子撓它的背部。然后，在2018年，研究人員在冰島格里姆西島拍攝到了另一只使用工具的海鸚。在這段短視頻中，可以看到一只海鸚用嘴抓住一根棍子，然后用它抓自己的胸部——可能是為了除掉那年夏天生活在島上的一只海鸚蜱蟲(chóng)。）”文中幾次提到木棍，可知，海鸚具有使用木棍的能力。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Butwhatiscertain,shesays,isthatpuffinpopulationsarecrashing,andit’slargelythefaultofusandourtools—whichhaveledtooverfishing,climatechange,marinepollutionandthepresenceofinvasivespecies,allofwhichmakeseabirdlifeharder.（但她說(shuō)，可以確定的是，海鸚的數(shù)量正在減少，這在很大程度上是我們和我們的工具造成的——它們導(dǎo)致了過(guò)度捕撈、氣候變化、海洋污染和入侵物種的存在，所有這些都使海鳥(niǎo)的生活更加艱難。）”可知，海鸚的數(shù)量正在銳減。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“…andit’slargelythefaultofusandourtools—whichhaveledtooverfishing,climatechange,marinepollutionandthepresenceofinvasivespecies,allofwhichmakeseabirdlifeharder.Itwouldbenicetokeeppuffinsandotherbirdsaroundandfindoutjustwhatelsewedon’tknowthatthey’reabletodo.（…這在很大程度上是我們和我們的工具造成的——它們導(dǎo)致了過(guò)度捕撈、氣候變化、海洋污染和入侵物種的存在，所有這些都使海鳥(niǎo)的生活更加艱難。讓海鸚和其他鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)生存在我們周?chē)?，就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其他我們所不知道的能力。）”可知，AnnetteFayet認(rèn)為保護(hù)像海鸚這樣的海鳥(niǎo)很有必要。故選A項(xiàng)。二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共分）Apowerfulmagnitude7.1temblorrockedSouthernCaliforniaat8:19PTonJuly5,2019,just34hoursafteramagnitude6.4earthquakehitthesamearea.Thislatesteventwaswidelyfelt.____16____Aftershocksareexpectedtocontinue.Earthquakesarealsocalledtemblors.____17____It’shardtoimaginetheyhappenbythethousandseverydayaroundtheworld,usuallyintheformofsmalltremors.Some80%ofalltheplanet’searthquakeshappenalongtherim(邊緣)ofthePacificOcean.____18____Thatisbecauseofalotofvolcanicactivitythere,aswell.Scientistsgiveamagnituderatingtoearthquakesbasedonthestrengthanddurationoftheirseismic(地震的)waves.Amagnitudeof3to4.9isconsideredminororlight;5to6.9ismoderate(中等的)tostrong;7to7.9ismajor;and8ormoreisgreat.___19___Some10,000peopledieinearthquakeseveryyear.Earthquakesmayalsoleadtoothernaturaldisasters.Smallertemblorsthatusuallyhappeninthedaysfollowingalargeearthquakecancausefurtherdeathanddamage.___20___A.Itiscalledthe“RingofFire”.B.Theycancausehugedamage.C.Protectyourselfasquicklyaspossible.D.Infact,amagnitude8quakestrikessomewhereeveryyear.E.Lossoflifecanbeavoidedthroughplanningandeducation.F.Oneimportantwayistotrytomakeyourhomeassafeaspossible.G.ItcausedseveralfiresanddamagetobuildingsandroadsinRidgecrestandnearby.【答案】16.G17.B18.A19.D20.E【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章以2019年發(fā)生在加利福尼亞州的地震為例介紹了地震的相關(guān)知識(shí)。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Apowerfulmagnitude7.1temblorrockedSouthernCaliforniaat8:19PTonJuly5,2019,just34hoursafteramagnitude6.4earthquakehitthesamearea.”（2019年7月5日，太平洋時(shí)間8點(diǎn)19分，一場(chǎng)級(jí)的強(qiáng)烈地震襲擊了南加州，就在34小時(shí)前，一場(chǎng)級(jí)地震襲擊了該地區(qū)）可知南加州發(fā)生了地震，該空承接上文，說(shuō)明這次地震帶來(lái)的后果，G選項(xiàng)“在里奇克萊斯特和附近造成了幾起火災(zāi)以及建筑物和道路的損毀”切題，選項(xiàng)中的It指代上文中的Apowerfulmagnitude7.1temblor。故選G?！?7題詳解】上文“Earthquakesarealsocalledtemblors.”說(shuō)Earthquakes也被稱(chēng)為temblors，下文“It’shardtoimaginetheyhappenbythethousandseverydayaroundtheworld,usuallyintheformofsmalltremors.”說(shuō)很難想象世界各地每天都有成千上萬(wàn)的地震發(fā)生，通常都是小地震。該空承上啟下，說(shuō)明地震的危害。B選項(xiàng)“它們會(huì)造成巨大的損害”切題，They指代上文中的Earthquakes。故選B?！?8題詳解】上文“Some80%ofalltheplanet’searthquakeshappenalongtherim(邊緣)ofthePacificOcean.”說(shuō)地球上80%的地震發(fā)生在太平洋沿岸。下文“Thatisbecauseofalotofvolcanicactivitythere,aswell.”說(shuō)這也是因?yàn)槟抢镉泻芏嗷鹕交顒?dòng)。該空承接上下文，進(jìn)一步解釋這種地理現(xiàn)象。A選項(xiàng)“它被稱(chēng)為火山帶”切題，選項(xiàng)中的“RingofFire”對(duì)應(yīng)上文中的“alongtherim(邊緣)ofthePacificOcean.”故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)前文“...and8ormoreisgreat”可知，D項(xiàng)承接上文中的8ormoreisgreat，與下文中的“Some10,000peopledieinearthquakeseveryyear”（每年大約有一萬(wàn)人死于地震）之間是并列關(guān)系，指出了全球每年地震發(fā)生的概況，D選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上，每年都會(huì)有八級(jí)的地震發(fā)生”切題。故選D。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Smallertemblorsthatusuallyhappeninthedaysfollowingalargeearthquakecancausefurtherdeathanddamage”（通常在大地震后幾天發(fā)生較小的地震會(huì)造成進(jìn)一步的死亡和破壞）可知這里提到大地震之后發(fā)生的震級(jí)較小的地震會(huì)造成進(jìn)一步的死亡與損失。該空承接上文，指出避免造成這一損失的方法與措施，E選項(xiàng)“生命的損失可以通過(guò)規(guī)劃和教育來(lái)避免”切題。故選E。三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共分）Everyfamilyshouldhaveanemergencykitintheirhome.Ifthereisanearthquakeorahurricane,forexample,therecouldbea____21____cut,orthewatercouldgetpolluted.Youmightbe____22____atyourhomeforseveraldaysbecauseofastormoraflood.Havinganemergencykit____23____couldhelpifanythinglikethis____24____.Youremergencykitmightincludethefollowing____25____:Thefirstaidkitshouldincludealcohol,cottonwool,bandages,painkillers,cleanbottledwaterandburnointment.Itis____26____tokeepnonperishable(不易腐壞的)foodsupplies.Inotherwords,foodthatwon'tspoil(變質(zhì))outofthefridge,suchascannedfood.Thereshouldbe____27____foodforthreedays.Itisbetterifthefooddoesnothavetobecooked.Don't____28____thecanopener!It'sagood____29____foreachfamilymembertohavea_____30_____changeofclothes,includingwaterproofshoesandaraincoat,aswellassomewarmblanketsincaseyouhaveto_____31_____outdoors,justasifyouwerecamping!Otherthingsyoucan_____32_____thekitare:flashlightandsparebatteries,paperandpencils,mobileradio,matchesandcandles.Don'tforgetthesethingsneedtobecheckedregularly(定期地)tobesurethatthey_____33_____well.Checktheexpiry(期滿)_____34_____onanycannedfood.Youcanalsoputinabackpacksomeofthethingsthatare_____35_____toyou,suchasatoyorsomethingelsethatyoucareabout.21.A.paper B.price C.knife D.power22.A.relaxed B.alone C.stuck D.free23.A.clean B.prepared C.open D.paid24.A.happens B.changes C.stops D.chooses25.A.plans B.tips C.disasters D.supplies26.A.unspeakable B.reusable C.advisable D.admirable27.A.some B.enough C.hot D.delicious28.A.forget B.bring C.try D.buy29.A.dream B.excuse C.idea D.chance30.A.sudden B.daily C.spare D.real31.A.sleep B.tour C.run D.cook32.A.takein B.getin C.turnin D.putin33.A.play B.work C.deliver D.know34.A.date B.notice C.law D.value35.A.boring B.important C.new D.acceptable【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.A25.D26.C27.B28.A29.C30.C31.A32.D33.B34.A35.B【解析】本文為說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了在家準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)急救箱，并詳細(xì)說(shuō)明了急救箱中的具體物品?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，如果有地震或颶風(fēng)，可能會(huì)被電切斷，或水可能會(huì)被污染。A.paper報(bào)紙，紙張；B.price價(jià)格；C.knife刀，匕首；D.power力量，電力。由句中的“Ifthereisanearthquakeorahurricane”以及“orthewatercouldgetpolluted.”可知，此處指地震或者颶風(fēng)來(lái)臨的時(shí)候，可能會(huì)斷電。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)楸╋L(fēng)雨或洪水，你可能要困在家?guī)滋?。A.relaxed放松的；B.alone孤獨(dú)的；C.stuck困住的；D.free自由的。免費(fèi)的。由句中的“becauseofastormoraflood.”可知，此處指困在家里。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果發(fā)生類(lèi)似情況，準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)應(yīng)急包會(huì)有幫助。A.clean清潔的，干凈的；B.prepared準(zhǔn)備好的；C.open公開(kāi)的，敞開(kāi)的；D.paid有薪酬的。根據(jù)下文“Youremergencykitmightincludethefollowing____5____:…”可知，需要提前準(zhǔn)備好急救包。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.happens發(fā)生；B.changes改變；C.stops停止；D.chooses選擇。句中this指上文的“anearthquakeorahurricane”，所以此處指如果地震或颶風(fēng)發(fā)生的時(shí)候，準(zhǔn)備好急救包是有用的。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你的應(yīng)急包可能包括以下用品。A.plans計(jì)劃；B.tips提示；C.disasters災(zāi)難；D.supplies物資，供應(yīng)品。由句中的“Youremergencykit”可知，此處指急救包中包括的物品。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：建議最好保存不易腐爛的食品。A.unspeakable無(wú)法形容的；B.reusable可以再度使用的；C.advisable明智的，可取的，適當(dāng)?shù)?；D.admirable令人欽佩的。由下文的“Inotherwords,foodthatwon'tspoil(變質(zhì))outofthefridge,suchascannedfood.”可知，此處表示建議保存不易腐爛的食物。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：應(yīng)該有足夠三天食物。A.some一些；B.enough足夠的；C.hot炎熱的；D.delicious美味的。由句中的“forthreedays”可知，此處表示食物的儲(chǔ)備要足夠到支撐至少三天。故選B。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：不要忘記開(kāi)罐器。A.forget忘記；B.bring帶來(lái)；C.try嘗試；D.buy購(gòu)買(mǎi)。由上文的“suchascannedfood”可知，罐裝食物適合儲(chǔ)備，但是需要開(kāi)罐器。所以不要忘記開(kāi)罐器。故選A。29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)家庭成員都有一套備用的衣服是個(gè)好主意，包括防水鞋和雨衣，還有一些溫暖的毯子，以防你不得不睡在戶外，就像你在露營(yíng)一樣！A.dream夢(mèng)；B.excuse借口；C.idea想法；D.chance機(jī)會(huì)。由句中的“tohavea(10)changeofclothes”可知，此處指某個(gè)好的想法。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.sudden突然的；B.daily日常的；C.spare額外的，備用的；D.real實(shí)際的，真實(shí)的。由句中的“changeofclothes,includingwaterproofshoesandaraincoat”可知，此處表示備用的，可以更換的衣服。故選C。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.sleep睡覺(jué)；B.tour旅游；C.run跑；D.cook做飯。由句中的“aswellassomewarmblankets”和“outdoors”可知，此處指睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候可以用毯子保暖。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：你還可以把手電筒和備用電池、紙和鉛筆、移動(dòng)收音機(jī)、火柴和蠟燭放進(jìn)工具包。A.takein吸收，欺騙；B.getin進(jìn)入，到達(dá)；C.turnin交上，歸還；D.putin提出，放入。由句中的“flashlightandsparebatteries,paperandpencils,mobileradio,matchesandcandles.”可知，作者列舉了放入工具包的物品。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：別忘了這些東西需要定期檢查，以確保它們能正常使用。A.play玩；B.work使工作，操作；C.deliver交付，發(fā)表，遞送；D.know知道。由句中的“checkedregularly”和“besure”可知，此處指定期檢查，確保這些物品都能正常使用。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：檢查罐裝食品的有效期。A.date日期；B.notice注意；C.law法律；D.value價(jià)值。由“Checktheexpiry(期滿)(14)onanycannedfood.”可知，此處指檢查罐裝食品的有效日期。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：你也可以把一些對(duì)你很重要的東西放在背包里，比如玩具或其他你關(guān)心的東西。A.boring無(wú)聊的；B.important重要的；C.new新的；D.acceptable可接受的。由句中的“suchasatoyorsomethingelsethatyoucareabout”可知，此處指對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)重要的東西。故選B。四、閱讀填空（本大題共1小題，共分）TheChineseWritingSystem:ConnectingthePastandthePresentChinais___36___(wide)knownforitsancientcivilisation.Therearemanyreasons____37____thishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinese____38____(write)system.____39____thebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicturebasedlanguage.BytheShangDynasty,thesesymbols____40____(bee)awelldevelopedwritingsystem.BytheQinDynasty,theChinesewritingsystembegantodevelop____41____onedirection.Thewritingsystemwasofgreat____42____(important)inunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.China?spresentis____43____(connect)withitspastbywrittenChinese.Today,theChinesewritingsystemisstill____44____importantpartofChineseculture.AndmoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtoappreciateChina?scultureandhistorythroughthis____45____(amaze)language.【答案】36.widely37.why38.writing39.At40.hadbee41.in42.importance43.connected44.an45.amazing【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了中國(guó)的文字系統(tǒng)連接了過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在，是中國(guó)文化的重要組成部分?！?6題詳解】考查副詞。句意：中國(guó)以其古老的文明而聞名。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞isknown可知空格處需用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，wide的副詞是widely，意為“廣泛地”。故填widely?！?7題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。句意：有很多原因可以解釋為什么這是可能的，但其中一個(gè)主要因素是中國(guó)的書(shū)寫(xiě)系統(tǒng)。分析句子可知，reasons后為定語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，reasons表原因，因此空格處用引導(dǎo)詞why。故填why。【38題詳解】考查名詞。句意：有很多原因可以解釋為什么這是可能的，但其中一個(gè)主要因素是中國(guó)的書(shū)寫(xiě)系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)名詞system可知，空格處要用名詞writing作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞system。故填writing?！?9題詳解】考查介詞。句意：一開(kāi)始，書(shū)面語(yǔ)是一種以圖畫(huà)為基礎(chǔ)的語(yǔ)言。短語(yǔ)atthebeginning是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“從一開(kāi)始，起初”，因此空格處用at，位于句首，首字母大寫(xiě)。故填A(yù)t。【40題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：到了商朝，這些符號(hào)已經(jīng)成為一種非常發(fā)達(dá)的文字系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)BytheShangDynasty可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，即hadbee。故填hadbee?！?1題詳解】考查介詞。句意：到了秦朝，中國(guó)的文字系統(tǒng)開(kāi)始朝一個(gè)方向發(fā)展。短語(yǔ)in...direction是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“朝……方向”，因此空格處用介詞in。故填in?！?2題詳解】考查名詞。句意：文字系統(tǒng)在團(tuán)結(jié)中華民族和文化方面起著重要作用。根據(jù)great為形容詞，其后跟名詞，important的名詞是importance，是不可數(shù)名詞；sth.beofgreatimportance為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“某物很重要”。故填importance?！?3題詳解】考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：中國(guó)的現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去是通過(guò)書(shū)面漢語(yǔ)聯(lián)系在一起的。根據(jù)主語(yǔ)為China’spresent，可知句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此空格處用過(guò)去分詞。故填connected?！?4題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：今天，中國(guó)的文字系統(tǒng)仍然是中國(guó)文化的重要組成部分。根據(jù)part是可數(shù)名詞，此處表泛指，因此前面需加不定冠詞，important是元音音素開(kāi)頭，因此不定冠詞用an。故填an?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：越來(lái)越多的人開(kāi)始通過(guò)這門(mén)神奇的語(yǔ)言欣賞中國(guó)的文化和歷史。根據(jù)空格處用形容詞修飾名詞language，language為物，可知修飾物用ving形容詞，即amazing，意為“令人驚異的”，在句中作定語(yǔ)。故填amazing。五、任務(wù)型讀寫(xiě)（本大題共1小題，共分）46.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使其構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。“Ihatethem!Ireallyhatethem!"shoutedTomangrily.TaraandMikelookedattheirfriend.Theycouldn'tbelieveit.Hewasreallyfurious!“AndyisOKnow,"saidTara,tryingtocalmTomdown.Thethreefriendswereintheparkafterschool.TheyweretalkingabouttheirfriendAndy.Andywastheyoungestintheclassandtodaytwobullies(欺凌者)pushedhimagainstalockerandhurthim.Andyfellandcuthishead.Nowhehasfivestitches(縫針)inhisforehead.Theirschoolwasanice,peacefulplaceuntilBrianandMarkarrivedafewmonthsago.BrianandMarkwerebulliesandtheirfavoritetroublespotwasthelockerroom.ThatmorningtheirvictimwasAndy,maybebecausehewassmallerandyoungerthaneveryoneelseintheclass.Theteachersknewthatthereweresomebullyingincidentsatschool.Butmostkidsdidn'twanttoreporttheincidents.Sobullyingattheirschoolwasn'tan“official"problem.DuringtheincidentAndycuthishead.Assoonasthebulliessawtheblood,theydisappeared.Andycalledforhelpandateachercameandtookhimstraighttothehospital.ButAndydidn'ttelltheteacheraboutthebullies.Whentheheadteacheraskedhim,hesimplysaid,“Ifellandcutmyhead"“BrianandMarkmustpay!"repeatedTom.Hewaswalkingaroundincirclesandhittingthepalmofhislefthandwithhisrightfist.“Can'tyousee?Youarebehavinglikethebullies,"Tarasaidsadly.MikelookedatTom,too,andheknewTomverywell,Tomhatedviolence.“bullyingisnotcool,”saidMike,wavinghisarmslikehewasdancing.“Wehavetotellsomeoneaboutthis,"saidTara.“Andywashurt."Butrightnow,Tomhadotherthingsonhismind.Henotonlyhatedthebulliesbutalsohatedviolence.Hewasinadilemma一hewantedtofightBrianandMarkbuthedidn'twanttofightwiththebulliesbyviolence.注意:1.所續(xù)寫(xiě)短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右:2.續(xù)寫(xiě)部分