七選五的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解題流程及思路分析講義-高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)

七選五的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解題流程及思路分析(上)●七選五的解題基本思路:內(nèi)容對(duì)應(yīng)+語(yǔ)句功能●七選五的具體解題思路:相鄰句與選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵信息的對(duì)應(yīng);名詞有相關(guān)內(nèi)容或重復(fù);代詞有明確指代對(duì)象;形容詞感情色彩一致;動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一致順序合理;連詞作為標(biāo)志,體現(xiàn)并列因果轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系;段首句總括與承上啟下,段中句連接前后細(xì)節(jié);兩個(gè)排除選項(xiàng)必須有明確依據(jù)?！耦}目展示:Passage1Akiln(窯)isatypeofovenorfurnaceusedtocure，harden，orburncertainmaterials.Dependingonwhichmaterialsareheatedinit，akilnmaybesquare，tunnelshaped，orbeehiveshaped，andusuallymadeofbrickorstone._________(71)Itmaybesetaslowassixtyfivedegreestocuregrainorashighas3,200degreestotransformlimestone(右灰石)toquicklime(熟石灰).____________(72)Theyhaveavarietyofpurposes.Thecement(水泥)industryusesrevolvingkilnstohatandseparaterawmaterials,Bricks，pottery，andchinamadefromclaymustbefiredorhardenedinkilns.Certainkindsofcoalandwoodmustbekilndriedbeforetheycanbeused.Hobbyistsusesmallkilnstofireavarietyofceramic(陶瓷)objects.Therearetwomaintypesofkilns.Aperiodickiln,usedtofirecertainkindsofdelicatechina,israisedtoahightemperatureandthenpletelycooledbeforeitscontentsareremoved.Acontinuous,ortunnelkilncontainsseveralchambers,orzones,whichheat,bake,andcoolaproduct.Stacksofclaybricksmovethroughatunnelkilnontracks.________(73)Gas,oil,andcoalareallusedtoheatmodernkilns.________(74)Butforspecialjobs,wherecleanlinessandcarefulheatareimportant,kilnsmustbeheatedbyelectricityoventhoughitismoreexpensive.|Smallkilnsusedinthehomeorincraftshopsarealsoheatedelectricallybecauseelectricityiscleanandconvenient.___________(75)Whenancientpeoplediscoveredthatheathardenedsomematerials，theywereabletomakedurablehouseholdobjectssuchasjugsandbowls.Todayourmuseumsdisplaymanykindsofancientstatuesandartobjectsthathavelastedbecausetheyhadbeenkilndried.TheyefromlandsasfarapartasChinaandGreece.A.ltstemperaturemayvary.B.Thentheyeout,hardened,andcooled.C.Kilnsareusedinindustryandincraftmaking.D.Kilnshavebeeninuseforthousandsofyears.E.Anelectrickilnisaheatingchamberusedtotransformmaterials.F.Mostmanufacturersusewhichevermaterialischeapestintheirarea.eG.Clay,whenheatedproperly,beeshardenoughtoformbowlsandplates.●題型位置及內(nèi)容分析▲71題段中位置:連接前后細(xì)節(jié)Dependingonwhichmaterialsareheatedinit,akilnmaybesquare,tunnelshaped,orbeehiveshaped,andusuallymadeofbrickorstone._________(71)Itmaybesetaslowassixtyfivedegreestocuregrainorashighas3,200degreestotransformlimestone(右灰石)toquicklime(熟石灰).內(nèi)容判斷:71前:材料/形狀71后:溫度▲72題段首句:總括與承上啟下____________(72)Theyhaveavarietyofpurposes.內(nèi)容判斷:72后:用途；代詞they復(fù)數(shù)名詞▲73題段尾句:看前一句Stacksofclaybricksmovethroughatunnelkilnontracks.________(73)內(nèi)容判斷:73前:動(dòng)作;后應(yīng)該加動(dòng)作▲74題段中位置:連接前后細(xì)節(jié)Gas,oil,andcoalareallusedtoheatmodernkilns.________(74)Butforspecialjobs,wherecleanlinessandcarefulheatareimportant,kilnsmustbeheatedbyelectricityoventhoughitismoreexpensive.內(nèi)容判斷:74前:氣油煤+加熱;后電加熱+更貴+轉(zhuǎn)折▲75題段首句:總括與承上啟下_____________(75)Whenancientpeoplediscoveredthatheathardenedsomematerials，theywereabletomakedurablehouseholdobjectssuchasjugsandbowls.Todayourmuseumsdisplaymanykindsofancientstatuesandartobjectsthathavelastedbecausetheyhadbeenkilndried.TheyefromlandsasfarapartasChinaandGreece.內(nèi)容判斷:75后過(guò)去時(shí)→現(xiàn)在時(shí)●選項(xiàng)分析A.ltstemperaturemayvary.溫度不同→初步判定放71位置B.Thentheyeout,hardened,andcooled.連續(xù)動(dòng)作→初步判定放73位置C.Kilnsareusedinindustryandincraftmaking.用途→初步判定放72位置D.Kilnshavebeeninuseforthousandsofyears.時(shí)間→初步判定放75位置E.Anelectrickilnisaheatingchamberusedtotransformmaterials.對(duì)電窯下定義→與電有關(guān)只有74題。F.Mostmanufacturersusewhichevermaterialischeapestintheirarea.便宜→與74題的貴形成反義呼應(yīng)G.Clay,whenheatedproperly,beeshardenoughtoformbowlsandplates.黏土,碗,盤(pán)子空格前后沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng),G排除●判定答案的邏輯●七選五解題建議:1.先看文章,再看選項(xiàng)提高解題效率2.先易后難,縮小選擇范圍1v1/1v2/1v33.名詞內(nèi)容對(duì)應(yīng)、代詞指代明確高頻考點(diǎn)4.感情色彩差異、過(guò)去現(xiàn)在差異保持一致5.連詞體現(xiàn)因果并列轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯關(guān)系標(biāo)志6.段中相鄰句關(guān)聯(lián)、段首句總括或過(guò)渡●題目展示:Passage2Radarisanelectronicdevicethatdetectsplanes,ships,coastlines,landmarks,andevenstormclouds.Thenameradaresfromthefirstlettersofthewordsradiodirectionandranging.Asthehumaneyeuseslightwavestosee,radar“sees"withradiowaves.Withoutradar,planescouldnotlandsafelyinbadweatherandshipscouldnotmovesafelyinthickfog.____________.(51)Inthe1800sitwasdiscoveredthatradiowavescouldbereflectedfromobjects.Butscientistsdidnotmakegreatadvancesinradarresearchuntilthe1930s,whentheworldwasthreatenedbywar._________(52)Ithasbeenusedwidelyinalmosteveryconflictsincethen.Echoesmakeitpossibleforradartowork.Whenabeamofradiowavesissentout,itstrikesonanobjectandreturnsanecho.Thisechoispickedupbyradarandrecordedonascreensimilartotelevisionscreen.Onthescreenanobserverseesaflash,orablip,thatshowsthedirectionanddistanceoftheobject._________________.(53)Airportcontroltowersuseradartoguideplanesinforsafelandings.Almostalllargeshipsdependonradartopreventcollisionswithicebergsorotherships._____________(54)Weatherforecasters“see"thesize,direction,andspeedofstormsonradarscreens.Astronomerscanevenuseradartomeasureaccuratelythedistancetothemoon.Thus,thedevicehasgeneratedmajoradvancements.____________(55)HugeradarantennashavebeeninstalledallovertheUnitedStates.Theyguardusagainstpossibleenemyattacks.Wehaveballisticmissiles(戰(zhàn)略導(dǎo)彈)warningsystemsthatcanalertustoattackswhenmissilesaremorethan1,000milesaway.Otherradarsystemswarnusagainstenemyaircraftandevenspyingspacesatellites.A.Policetrackspeedersinradarequippedcars.B.Thesemeasurementsarenowhighlyaccurate,C.Thedevicecanbeusedinawiderangeoffields.D.ltisthereforeespeciallyvaluabletoshippersandtravelers.E.DuringWorldWarllmanycountriesusedradareffectively.F.Todayradarisusedbymercialairlinersandweatherforecasters.e'G.Strengtheningnationaldefenseisoneofradar'smostimportantfunctions.●題型位置及內(nèi)容分析▲51題段尾句:看前一句Withoutradar,planescouldnotlandsafelyinbadweatherandshipscouldnotmovesafelyinthickfog.____________.(51)內(nèi)容判斷:51前講述雷達(dá)的作用,根據(jù)局部話題一致的道理,51應(yīng)該繼續(xù)講述雷達(dá)的作用?！?2題段中位置:連接前后細(xì)節(jié)Butscientistsdidnotmakegreatadvancesinradarresearchuntilthe1930s,whentheworldwasthreatenedbywar._________(52)Ithasbeenusedwidelyinalmosteveryconflictsincethen.內(nèi)容判斷:52前:描述過(guò)去的事情;52后描述現(xiàn)在的情況;52應(yīng)該用過(guò)去時(shí)?！?3題段尾句:看前一句Onthescreenanobserverseesaflash,orablip,thatshowsthedirectionanddistanceoftheobject._________________.(53)內(nèi)容判斷:53前講述雷達(dá)的工作方法或原理▲54題段中位置:連接前后細(xì)節(jié)Almostalllargeshipsdependonradartopreventcollisionswithicebergsorotherships.__________(54)Weatherforecasters“see"thesize,direction,andspeedofstormsonradarscreens.內(nèi)容判斷:54前:大型船只,例子;54后天氣預(yù)報(bào)員,也是例子;54也應(yīng)該是例子.▲55題段首句:總括與承上啟下____________(55)HugeradarantennashavebeeninstalledallovertheUnitedStates.Theyguardusagainstpossibleenemyattacks.Wehaveballisticmissiles(戰(zhàn)略導(dǎo)彈)warningsystemsthatcanalertustoattackswhenmissilesaremorethan1,000milesaway.Otherradarsystemswarnusagainstenemyaircraftandevenspyingspacesatellites.內(nèi)容判斷:55后為雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)在國(guó)防中的具體用途;55應(yīng)該是總括句。●選項(xiàng)分析Policetrackspeedersinradarequippedcars.本句應(yīng)該是個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明雷達(dá)的作用B.Thesemeasurementsarenowhighlyaccurate.這些測(cè)量告訴我們前面必須有幾種具體的測(cè)量手段或方法C.Thedevicecanbeusedinawiderangeoffields.是個(gè)總括句,只能用在55這個(gè)位置但內(nèi)容卻沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)D.ltisthereforeespeciallyvaluabletoshippersandtravelers.it告述我們前面必須有單數(shù)名詞被它指代;由especially可知,上一句內(nèi)容上應(yīng)該講某東西對(duì)誰(shuí)的作用。E.DuringWorldWarllmanycountriesusedradareffectively.此選項(xiàng)最重要的特征:唯一的一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)F.Todayradarisusedbymercialairlinersandweatherforecasters.雷達(dá)作用的過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比,文中沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)G.Strengtheningnationaldefenseisoneofradar'smostimportantfunctions.典型的總括句●判定答案的邏輯七選五的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解題流程及思路分析下七選五的解題基本思路:內(nèi)容對(duì)應(yīng)+語(yǔ)句功能解題思路:相鄰句與選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵信息的對(duì)應(yīng)名詞有相關(guān)內(nèi)容或重復(fù);代詞有明確指代對(duì)象;形容詞感情色彩一致;動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一致順序合理;連詞作為標(biāo)志,體現(xiàn)并列因果轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系;段首句總括與承上啟下,段中句連接前后細(xì)節(jié);兩個(gè)排除選項(xiàng)必須有明確依據(jù)。●題目展示:Passage1SleepandTeensBiologyandBehaviorHowmuchsleepdoteensneed?Andhowmuchsleeparetheyrealisticallygetting?Basedoncurrentdata,mostteensneedabout9plushourstohavethebestormostsuitablesleepatnight.________.(51)Manyfactorsbinetodecreasesleepinadolescents.wecanthinkingeneraloftwomajorfactors:biological,thebrainprocessesthatregulatetheamountandtimingofsleep,andbehavior，allthepsychological，parental,societal,culturalfeaturesofateen'slife.__________(52)Thesechangeslaythegroundworkforthebiologicalnighttooccurlaterduringtheteenyearsthanbefore.CircadianRhythms(dailybiologicalclock)seemstoslowdownasyoungpeopleprogressthroughthemiddleschoolyears.Atthesametime,thesleeppressuresystemappearstochangeinawaythatmakesiteasiertostayawakelonger，thoughwithoutchangingtheamountofsleepthatisneeded.Moreover,manyteenshavea“technologicalplayground"intheirbedrooms:television,puterwith24/7Internetaccess,telephones，electronicgamestations,MP3players,andsoforth.Thesetechnologiesprovideinstantandconstantcontactwithpeers.Societalandmediapressuretoconsumethesetechnologiesisnowhigherthanever.Yetsocietyalsorequiresthatteensgotoschoolatatimeofdaythatisatoddswiththeirbiologicalandsociallives.Soweseeteensturntocaffeine,latenightInternetandcramminginactivityafteractivityasameanstokeepawake.__________(53)Problemsemergeforlackofsleep._________.(54)Forsome,gradesbegintosufferastheystruggletokeepawakeduringclassandwhiledoinghomework.Andothersmaysimplyfeelmoody,neverknowinghowtofeelordotheirbest.Worsestill,manyteenssufferfrombothphysicalandmentalillness._____________(55)Theearlierteenscanstartthisgoodsleephabit,theeasieritwillbeforthemtostayhealthy,happyandsmart.●題型位置及內(nèi)容分析▲51題段尾句:看前一句Basedoncurrentdata,mostteensneedabout9plushourstohavethebestormostsuitablesleepatnight.________.(51)內(nèi)容判斷:51前講述睡眠時(shí)間;注意首段常有轉(zhuǎn)折來(lái)提出問(wèn)題▲52題段首句:總括與承上啟下__________(52)Thesechangeslaythegroundworkforthebiologicalnighttooccurlaterduringtheteenyearsthanbefore.內(nèi)容判斷:52后的thesechanges告訴我們52選項(xiàng)中必須涉及改變▲53題段尾句:看前一句Soweseeteensturntocaffeine,latenightInternetandcramminginactivityafteractivityasameanstokeepawake.___________(53)內(nèi)容判斷:53前講述的是青少年不睡覺(jué),前為負(fù)態(tài)度后如沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折詞也應(yīng)為負(fù)態(tài)度的選項(xiàng).▲54題段中位置:連接前后細(xì)節(jié)Problemsemergeforlackofsleep._________.(54)Forsome,gradesbegintosufferastheystruggletokeepawakeduringclassandwhiledoinghomework.內(nèi)容判斷:54前:各種問(wèn)題出現(xiàn);54后說(shuō)成績(jī)開(kāi)始出問(wèn)題;54應(yīng)該也是負(fù)態(tài)度的句子▲55題段首句:總括與承上啟下________(55)Theearlierteenscanstartthisgoodsleephabit,theeasieritwillbeforthemtostayhealthy,happyandsmart.內(nèi)容判斷:55后的thisgoodsleephabit告訴我們55選項(xiàng)中必須有好習(xí)慣;healthy,happyandsmart告訴我們55也應(yīng)該是正態(tài)度.●選項(xiàng)分析A.Sleepexpertsremendteenskeepconsistentsleepandwakeschedules.專家建議,正態(tài)度,考慮放在解決問(wèn)題處,只有55題有機(jī)會(huì)B.Teensmayschedulesleeplikeanyotherdailyactivityandmakesleepapriority.優(yōu)先考慮睡覺(jué)本身的邏輯有問(wèn)題,明顯不靠譜C.Thentheyaretrappedintoaterriblesituationwheretheywouldnevergetenoughsleep.連續(xù)動(dòng)作+they+負(fù)面態(tài)度,初步考慮53或54Thesleepwakebioregulatoryfactorsappeartochangesignificantlyduringadolescence.改變告訴我們D選項(xiàng)可以放到52處E.Someteenagersstruggletowakeupinthemorning,oftenresultinginlateormissedschool.明顯的負(fù)態(tài)度,初步考慮放53或54處F.Teensmaybedriventothingsthatcanwakethemupbecausethey'llfallasleepiftheydonot.中性選項(xiàng),沒(méi)有明顯的正或負(fù)的態(tài)度G.However,itisindicatedthatmostteensfallshortofthisgoal,manybyaconsiderableamount.轉(zhuǎn)折+目標(biāo)+數(shù)量,初步判斷用在51處●判定答案的邏輯●七選五解題建議:1.先看文章,再看選項(xiàng)提高解題效率2.先易后難,縮小選擇范圍1v1/1v2/1v33.名詞內(nèi)容對(duì)應(yīng)、代詞指代明確高頻考點(diǎn)4.感情色彩差異、過(guò)去現(xiàn)在差異保持一致5.連詞體現(xiàn)因果并列轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯關(guān)系標(biāo)志6.段中相鄰句關(guān)聯(lián)、段首句總括或過(guò)渡●練一練:題目展示:Passage2VoluntourismVolunteeringtohelppeopleinneedbinedwithtravellingtofarawayplacesisanewtrendinthetravelindustry.ltiscalledvoluntourism.________(71)Theyfinditisthebestwaytogetthebestoftheworld.Recentstatisticsshowthatinthepastfewyearsvoluntourismhasbeenoneofthefastestgrowingareasoftourism.Morethan1.6millionpeoplearoundtheworldarevolunteersinothercountries.Theyhelpbuildschools,assistinhospitalsanddofarmingworkindevelopingcountries.__________.(72)Theykeepintouchwiththeirhostfamiliesaftertheyreturnhome,andmanyreturntovisit.Therearemanyreasonswhypeoplewanttoengageinvoluntourism.Whenpeoplechoosetojoinavoluntourismprogram,theyarejoiningaglobalnetworkofvolunteerswhoarelivingandworkingwithdiverseculturesonprojectsthathaveapositiveeffect.Thevolunteersefromallovertheworld,andtheywillsharethepassionforgivingbackandthedesiretobroadenhorizons.Somestudentsalsoseeitasagapyearafterschool，whileotherssimplywanttotaketimeoutfromajobanddosomethingelse.________(73)However,manyvoluntouristsdonotseevolunteeringaswhatitis.Theythinkitisacheapwayoftravelinganddon'treallywanttogetinvolvedinhardwork.Whilevoluntourismhasbeenaroundforoveracentury,modernvolunteeringstartedwiththePeaceCorps,aprogramthattheUsgovernmentstartedinthe1960s.Fromthenon,voluntourismhasbeemoreandmorepopular.Manyorganizationsstartsimilarprojects.________(74)Andtheyhavehundredsofdifferenttypesofprogramsforpeopletochoosefrominmorethan30developingcountries.Theprogramsrunyearroundandeachvolunteerchooseswhentheywanttostartandthedurationtheywouldliketostayfor.__________(75)Theysaythatifpeoplereallywanttohelpthoseinneed,therearemanyopportunitiesintheirownmunitytodothis.Ontheotherside,volunteersareoftennotskilledenoughforthetasksthattheydo.Travelexpertspointoutthatinsomecasesvoluntouristsareoftentakenadvantageofbytheorganizationthatsetsupthetrips.A.Noteveryoneseesvoluntourisminapositiveway,eB.Someofthemestablishlastingbondswithpeoplethere.C.Andtherearethosewhoareboredandmerelyseekadventure.'D.Mostvoluntourismorganizationsemploypeoplefromsimilarfields.E.Byparticipatinginvoluntourism,theyarecontributingtolocaleconomyF.Peopletraveltoothercountries,learnlanguagesandgainnewexperiences.G.Theyoffervoluntourismtripstosuitpeople'sinterest,experiencelevelorage.●題型位置及內(nèi)容分析▲71題段中位置:連接前后細(xì)節(jié)ltiscalledvoluntourism.________(71)Theyfinditisthebestwaytogetthebestoftheworld.內(nèi)容判斷:71必需出現(xiàn)人被they指代;71應(yīng)該是某種方式▲72題段中