Unit+1+Back+to+School+Reading+知識(shí)點(diǎn)講義 高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）必修第一冊(cè)

Unit1ReadingSeniorhighschoolbringsalotofnewexperiencestoeveryone.Thespeechbelowwasgiventonewseniorhighschoolstudentsbytheirprincipal,MrXu,onthefirstdayofterm.Beforeyoureadthespeechtranscript,thinkaboutthefollowingquestions:Howdoyouthinkseniorhighschoolwillbedifferentfromjuniorhighschool?Whatdoyouthinktheprincipalwilltalkaboutinhisspeech?bringsth.to/forsb.bringsth.withsb.bringback使回憶起bringout出版bringdown降低；擊落bringup撫養(yǎng)bringover說服；使相信bringunder制服experiencen.①經(jīng)歷；②經(jīng)驗(yàn)（不可數(shù)）v.經(jīng)歷thespeechbelow/aboveRealizingyourpotentialpotentialadj.潛在的，可能的n.①可能性，潛在性;②潛力潛質(zhì)potentialcustomers潛在的客戶apotentialsourceofconflict潛在的沖突根源thepotentialforchange變革的可能性havethepotentialtodosth.有做某事的可能同源詞：potentiallyadv.潛在地potentadj.有效的；強(qiáng)有力的realize①意識(shí)到；②實(shí)現(xiàn)realizeone’sdream/goal/ambition/potential替換：cometofruitionpara1:Hello,everyone!Welcometoseniorhighschool!Todayisthestartofanewterm,thestartofathree-yearjourneyandthestartofapromisingfuture.rhetoricaldevice:parallelismathree-yearjourneyaneight-yearjourneypromisingadj.有希望的；有前途的同源詞promisev.①許諾promisesth.tosb.=promisesb.sth.promisetodosth.②預(yù)示promisetobe有望成為promisesth.預(yù)示著…n.①諾言make/keep/breakapromisetodosth./ofsth.②獲得成功的跡象Herworkshowsgreatpromise.她的作品顯示前途大有希望。para2:Ican'twaittodescribetoyouwhatseniorhighschoollifeislike.Thepathbeforeyouleadstoaworldfullofchallenges:anewenvironment,newknowledgeandnewwaysofthinking.However,forthoseofyouwithapositivemind,opportunityliesineachchallenge.Whenyourisetothechallenges,youwillhavetheopportunitytoacquiregreatknowledgeandenjoypersonalgrowth.Mostimportantly,yourtimeandeffortatseniorhighschoolwillopenthedoortoyourpotential.can’twaittodosth.迫不及待去做某事can’thelptodosth.不能幫助做某事can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事表示迫不及待做某事的其他形式：beeagertodosth;bethirstytodosth;bedyingtodosth;longtodosth;desiretodosth;beanxioustodosth;bekeentodosth.describev.描述n.description~ofsth.describesth.to/forsb.describesb./sth.assth.熟詞生義：做…運(yùn)動(dòng)；形成…形狀Thesharkdescribedacirclearoundtheshoaloffish.這條鯊魚圍繞著魚群游動(dòng)。-cribe同根詞：prescribev.開藥方prescribesb.sth.ascribev.把…歸于acribe…to…inscribev.在…上寫/題/刻inscribeAon/inBtranscribev.抄寫，抄錄subscribev.訂閱；贊成subscribetosth.whatseniorhighschoollifeislikewhat’s…like“...怎么樣”whatdoes…looklike“…長(zhǎng)什么樣”②賓語從句用陳述語序aworldfullofchallengesbefullof=befilledwith充滿challengen.挑戰(zhàn)；懷疑vt.向…挑戰(zhàn)；對(duì)…質(zhì)疑meet/take/risetoonthechallenge迎接挑戰(zhàn)challengesbtosth向某人挑戰(zhàn)…challengesb.toagameofchesschallengesbtodosth向某人挑戰(zhàn)做某事同源詞：challengingadj.具有挑戰(zhàn)性的；不贊成的易混淆：chance機(jī)會(huì)change改變r(jià)hetoricaldevice:parallelismapositivemind①positiveadj.積極樂觀的;有助益的；表示贊同的;陽性的；正極的n.優(yōu)點(diǎn);陽性結(jié)果(或反應(yīng))haveapositiveattitudeto（towards）…對(duì)…持有樂觀的態(tài)度bepositiveabout…對(duì)…樂觀；對(duì)…自信onthepositiveside從好的方面看positiveeffects積極的效果negativeadj.消極的；否定的；陰性的neutraladj.中立的；中性的mindn.大腦；思維方式；富有才智的人；心思；記憶力v.介意；當(dāng)心，注意keep/bearsth.inmindbe/gooutofyourmind發(fā)瘋bring/callsth.tomind想起makeupyourmindliein存在于havetheopportunitytodosth.有機(jī)會(huì)做某事同：chancehavetheopportunityforsth./doingsth./ofdoingsth.acquiregreatknowledgeacquirev.（通過努力）獲得；購得n.acquirementacquisition表示“得到”的其他詞：obtain（較正式）;gain;earn;win;get-qurie同根詞inquirev.詢問requirev.需要enquirev.詢問enjoypersonalgrowthpersonaladj.個(gè)人的；親自做的=inpersonpersonalityn.性格；特色；名人；魅力growthn.成長(zhǎng)；增加effort努力bendyoureffortstosth.專心致志于sparenoeffortstodosth.不遺余力做某事辨析：effect效果；影響

para3:“Whatispotential?”youmayask.Putsimply,potentialisyournaturalabilitythatcanbedevelopedwhenyoutryhardenough.Whoknowswhatbeautifulworksofartyouwillcreate,whatmedicaladvancesyouwillmakeorwhatamazingtechnologiesyouwilldevelop!Thepossibilitiesareendless,andIhaveconfidenceinyourabilitytomakeadifferencetoyourfamily,toyourcommunityandtoourcountry.Overthenextthreeyears,youwilldiscoveryourpotentialwhileyoudevelopasastudentandasaperson.naturaladj.自然的；天生的；正常的n.有天賦的人naturaldisastersnaturalresourcesanaturalleadertodieofnaturalcauses自然死亡Heisanaturalfortherole.同源詞：naturen.自然界；天性；本質(zhì)；種類thebeautiesofnaturethelawsofnatureSheissensitivebynature.她生性敏感。thechangingnatureofsocietybooksofascientificnature科學(xué)類書籍tryhardenoughhardadv.努力地；猛烈地adj.堅(jiān)硬的；困難的；困苦的；努力的；猛烈的；苛刻的；寒冷的；酒精濃度高的；硬的（水）；確鑿的（證據(jù)）ahardworkerhardevidence確鑿證據(jù)ahardwinter寒冷的冬天hardliquor烈酒hardwater硬水（含鈣鎂鹽較多）反：softwaterbehardonsb.嚴(yán)厲對(duì)待hardasnails冷酷無情ahardnut棘手的問題enoughenough+n.adj./adv.+enoughrhetoricaldevice:parallelismadvancen.前進(jìn);進(jìn)步;進(jìn)展v.前進(jìn)，發(fā)展，進(jìn)步;促進(jìn)inadvanceadv.預(yù)先，提前inadvanceof超過；在…前recentadvancesinmedicalscience醫(yī)學(xué)的最新進(jìn)展Theyhadadvanced20milesbynightfall.夜幕降臨時(shí)，他們已推進(jìn)了20英里advanceourunderstandingoflanguagelearning提高了我們對(duì)語言學(xué)習(xí)的認(rèn)識(shí)同源詞：advancedadj.先進(jìn)的；高級(jí)的；晚期的；年老的advancedtechnology先進(jìn)技術(shù)advancedstage晚期；高級(jí)階段theadvancedcourse高級(jí)課程amazingadj.令人大為驚奇的;令人驚喜的同源詞：amazedadj.感到驚嘆的amazevt.使吃驚amazinglyadv.令人驚訝地；驚奇地amazementn.驚異；驚愕beamazedat(by)對(duì)…感到驚嘆toone’samazement讓人感到驚嘆的是inamazement驚訝地=amazingly【拓展】情感類動(dòng)詞v＋ing表示“使人感到....的”v＋ed表示“感到.....的”Eg:excite/exciting/exciteddisappoint/disappointing/disappointedmove/moving/movedsurprise/surprising/surpriseddevelopv.發(fā)展；研發(fā)；患（?。粵_洗（膠片）Shedevelopedthecompanyfromnothing.她白手起家辦起了這個(gè)公司。 Thecompanydevelopsandmarketsnewsoftware.這個(gè)公司研發(fā)并銷售新軟件。Hersondevelopedasthmawhenhewastwo.她兒子兩歲時(shí)患了哮喘。Ihadthefilmdevelopedyesterday.我昨天把膠卷拿去沖印了。同源詞：developmentn.發(fā)展；研發(fā)developingadj.發(fā)展中的developedadj.發(fā)達(dá)的；高度發(fā)展的confidencen.信心;信任;把握haveconfidencein=havebeliefin對(duì)…有信心gainconfidence獲得自信同源詞：confidentadj.自信的;有把握的confidentlyadv.自信地；安心地confidentialadj.秘密的；機(jī)密的self-confidencen.self-confidentadj.beconfidentin/of/about對(duì)…有信心makeadifferenceto對(duì)…有影響makeadifferenceinsth./indoingsth.【拓展】對(duì)…有影響詞組：haveabearingon;carryweightwith;have/exerta/aninfluence/effecton;haveanimpactondiscoverv.發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺；了解到同源詞：discoveryn.發(fā)現(xiàn)para4:Tofullyrealizeyourpotential,itisimportantforyoutomakethemostofourschoolresources.Takeadvantageofyourclasses,learnfromyourteachersandclassmates,andmakeuseofourschoolfacilities.Therearealsoalotofschoolactivitiesforyou.Joinaclubortwo,andtakeanactivepartindifferentsports.Itisadj.forsb.todosth.Itisadj.ofsb.todosth.makethemostof充分利用takeadvantageof=makeuseof利用；使用【拓展】表示利用/使用的詞/詞組：utilize;employ;apply;capitalizeonfacilityn.設(shè)備，設(shè)施（常用復(fù)數(shù)）；（供特定用途的）場(chǎng)所；天資Shehasafacilityforlanguages.她有語言天賦。theworld’slargestnuclearwastefacility世界最大的核廢料處理場(chǎng)所sports/leisurefacilities體育/休閑設(shè)施takeanactivepartin積極參與activeadj.活躍的；積極的；起作用的；主動(dòng)語態(tài)的Althoughheisnearly80,heisstillveryactive.Shetakesanactivepartinschoollife.Thevirusisstillactiveintheblood.para5:Ofequalimportancearegoodstudyhabits,usefulskillsandapositiveattitude.Carefullyplanyourstudy,setcleargoalsandbalanceyourschoolworkwithotheractivities.Asaseniorhighschoolstudent,youmustmakeeffortstoimproveyourcommunicationandproblem-solvingskills.Lastbutnotleast,alwayslookonthebrightsideandneverlosehope,evenindifficultsituations.Intimeyouwillfindyourselfgrowingintoawell-roundedindividual.Ofequalimportanceare…①表語前置倒裝這是一個(gè)完全倒裝句。主語是goodstudyhabits,are是系動(dòng)詞,ofequalimportance是表語。為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡或強(qiáng)調(diào)表語，將表語置于句首，引起倒裝。表語前置有以下幾種形式：（1）形容詞做表語前置PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorSmithandhisstudents.（2）分詞作表語前置Gonearethedayswhenwehadtobeinthemercyofweather.（3）介詞短語做表語前置Onthesecondfloorisabigcinema.翻譯：1.______________todayisTomTom今天沒開上學(xué)2.______________wasawallet.地上躺了一個(gè)錢包。3.Attachedtotheenvelopwas_______________.信封上貼著一張漂亮的郵票?！敬鸢浮?.Absentfromclass2.Lyingontheground3.abeautifulstamp②equaladj.(大小、數(shù)量、價(jià)值等)相同的;平等的;(力氣、勇氣、能力等)相當(dāng)?shù)?能勝任的v.(大小、數(shù)量、價(jià)值等)與…相等;比得上n.同等的人;相等物beequalto(doing)sth相等；勝任；合適(做某事)equalrights/pay平等的權(quán)利；同酬onequalterms(withsb)（與某人）處于平等的地位bewithoutequal/havenoequal無與倫比；無敵；無比2plus2equals42+2=4equalsb/sthin(doing)in在(做)某事方面逼得上，敵得過某人（某物）同源詞：equallyadv.同樣地；平等地；公平地equalityn.平等；相等setcleargoals【拓展】目標(biāo)的其他英文：aim;objective;target;purpose;orientationbalanceyourschoolworkwithotheractivitiesbalancev.使保持平衡；抵消；同等重視；權(quán)衡；結(jié)平（賬目）n.均衡；平衡能力；余額；天平Shebalancedthecuponherknee.她把杯子在膝蓋上放穩(wěn)。Thisyears’profitswillbalanceourpreviouslosses.本年度的盈利可以彌補(bǔ)之前的虧損。Shetriestobalancehomelifeand/withcareer.Thecostofobtaininglegaladviceneedstobebalancedagainstitsbenefits.法律咨詢的費(fèi)用與其效益需要權(quán)衡一下。keepabalancebetweenworkandrelaxationhaveagoodsenseofbalancecheckyourbankbalance(be/hang)inthebalance（前途）不明朗；（結(jié)果）未定onbalance總的來說improveyourcommunicationimprovev.改善improvementn.改善；改善的事物Thereisstillroomforimprovementin/on/toyourwork.asignificant/substantial/dramaticimprovement重要的/實(shí)質(zhì)的/巨大的改進(jìn)asteady/slightimprovementon/insth.在某方面穩(wěn)定的/輕微的提升intime最后；屆時(shí)ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)attimes=sometimes=fromtimetotime有時(shí)atanytime隨時(shí)atatime每次atonetime曾經(jīng)atthesametime與此同時(shí)takeyourtime不著急aheadoftime提前behindtime遲到innotime很快，立即timeoff休假時(shí)間forthetimebeing暫時(shí)findyourselfgrowingintoawell-groundedindividualfind+賓語+賓補(bǔ)此處為“find+賓補(bǔ)+賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)”，其中做賓補(bǔ)的為現(xiàn)在分詞。“find+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語補(bǔ)足語可以由現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及不定式tobe等來充當(dāng)。Whenwegohome,wefoundmotherwaitingforustohavedinner.（主動(dòng)）Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimselfsurroundedbyagroupofboys.（被動(dòng)）Ifindhimanhonestman.WhenIgothome,Ifoundthedooropen.Didyoufindhimin?Ihopetofindyouinbetterspiritswhenwemeetagain.IfindtheChinesepeopletobehappyandcheerful.②individualadj.個(gè)人的；個(gè)別的；獨(dú)特的n.個(gè)人，個(gè)體individualdifference個(gè)體差異individualbehavior個(gè)人行為donationsfromprivateindividuals私人捐贈(zèng)同源詞：individuallyadv.個(gè)別地，單獨(dú)地personaladj.個(gè)人的；親自的para6:AsLao-Tzuwiselysaid,“Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.”Youneedtomakeacontinuousefforttotrainyourmindanddevelopyourcharacter.Seniorhighschoolwillhelpyoulearnandgrow,yetyoualoneareresponsibleforrealizingyourgreatpotential.Beconfident,doyourbestandmakeusproud!“Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.”千里之行始于足下continuousadj.不斷的；頻繁的Therainhasbeencontinuoussincethismorning.Forfourdays,thetownsufferedcontinuousattacks.同源詞：continuev.繼續(xù)continuetodo/doingsth.continue(with)sth.n.continuationtrainyourmindtrainv.訓(xùn)練n.火車trainingn.訓(xùn)練trainern.教練；運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋traineen.接受培訓(xùn)者；實(shí)習(xí)生=interndevel