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2010中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)1詞法名詞

時(shí)間:2010年02月01日作者:中考網(wǎng)整合來(lái)源:中考網(wǎng)整合

2010中考英語(yǔ)總史習(xí)1訶法名詞

第一篇詞法

-、名詡

(-)知識(shí)概要

名詞的概念在不同的語(yǔ)法教課書中有不同的解釋和分類方法,但就實(shí)際應(yīng)用來(lái)講還是不要過(guò)分地追求其理論概念,而更多的要把注意力放在其應(yīng)用上來(lái)。我們不妨把它分

為兩大類:專有名詞與普通名詞。顧名思義,專有名詞是指:個(gè)人、事物、機(jī)關(guān)等所專有的名稱,如,theGreatWall.America…它們是不能隨意變動(dòng)的.而普通名詞中則

包括個(gè)體名詞,如pen,worker…它表示雌…的個(gè)體人或事物;集體名詞,如:family,class,team,它表示的是由若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體;物質(zhì)名詞,如:water,paper…

它表示的是?種物質(zhì),原材料:而后?種是抽象名詞,如:work,time…它表示若?種在實(shí)際生活中看不見(jiàn)、摸不到,但卻與實(shí)際生活緊密相關(guān)的某些動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)的抽

象概念。見(jiàn)卜.祖。

名詞一覽表

種類

專有名詞

London,John,theCommunistPartyofChina

普通名詞類名名nurse,boy,worker,pencil,dog,table

集體名訶class,family,army,police,team,people

物質(zhì)名詞water,steel,glass,cotton,wood,sand

抽第名詞happiness,love,work,1ii'e,courage,honest

功用

主語(yǔ)MyfamilyisnowinNewYork.

表語(yǔ)Hisfatherisascientist.

賓語(yǔ)Weloveourgreatmotherland.

賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)HemadeLondonthebaseforhiswork.

定語(yǔ)Thegirlsaremakingpaperflowesrs.

狀語(yǔ)Thecarcosthim1000dollars.

同位語(yǔ)MrBrown,afamousscientist,wi11conehere.

名訶在使川中的難點(diǎn)在于名訶的數(shù),即可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。不可數(shù)名詞不能用數(shù)字計(jì)算,所以它通常只有單數(shù)形式。它包含有.專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞

等,如:English,air,water,cotton,work…可數(shù)名詞是可以用數(shù)盤加以計(jì)算的名詞,所以它具有單數(shù)形式和第數(shù)形式兩種??蓴?shù)名詞如數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律是:

1.,股情況加s,如:pen-pens,doctor-doctors,boy-boys,其讀音規(guī)則是在清輔音后讀[s],在元音和濁輔音后讀[z]..如:map-map.boy-boys.

2.在以s,sh,ch,x結(jié)尾的名詞后面加es,如:bus-buses,class-classes,其讀音為[iz]?

3.以ce,se,ze,(d)ge結(jié)足的名詞加$,其讀音為[iz].

4.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,要將y變?yōu)閕再加es,讀作[z],如:factory-factories,country-countries,family-families.但要注豫的是以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名

訶的攵數(shù)形式只加s,如:boy-boys,day-days.

5.以。結(jié)尾的名詞的狂數(shù)形式一般要加es,但如果。前面是元音字母或外來(lái)詞,縮寫詞以。結(jié)尾的則只加s,如:

tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroes;photo-photos,radio-radios,piano-pianos

6.以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式要將f或fe變?yōu)関再加es,如:knife~knive$,leaf-leaves,但有些例夕卜的詞如roof的更數(shù)形式是roofs,

7.不猊則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是要單個(gè)記憶的,它沒(méi)有規(guī)律可循,如:man-men,woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice

8.堆好同形的名詞有:fish,sheep,deer…

9.小數(shù)形式但其意為更數(shù)的名詞有:people,police等。名詞還有格的變化,其由格可作主語(yǔ),賓格可作賓語(yǔ)。還有所有格,用來(lái)表示人或物的所有,以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。表示

有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加's其復(fù)數(shù)形式是s',如其結(jié)尾不是s的史數(shù)形式仍加's,如:astudent'sroom,students'rooms,Children'sDay.在表示時(shí)何、

距離、世界、國(guó)家...名詞的所有格要用's,如:atwentyminutes'walk.但無(wú)生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu),ill:thecapitalofourcountry,thecolourofthe

flowers

(二)正誤辨析

[誤]Pleasegivemeapaper.

[IE]Pleasegivemeapieceofpaper.

[析]不要認(rèn)為可以數(shù)的名詞就是可數(shù)名詞,這種原因是對(duì)英語(yǔ)中可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的概念與中文中的能數(shù)與不能數(shù)相混沿了,所以造成了這樣的錯(cuò)誤,因paper在英語(yǔ)?中是

屬于物質(zhì)名詞-類,是不可數(shù)名詞。而不可數(shù)名詞要表達(dá)數(shù)量時(shí),要用與之相關(guān)的量:詞來(lái)表達(dá),如:twopiecesofpaper.

[誤]Pleasegivemetwoletterpapers.

[正]Pleasegivemetwopiecesofletterpaper.

[析]paper作為紙講是不可數(shù)名詞.而作為報(bào)紙、考卷、文章講時(shí)則是可數(shù)名詞,如:Eachstudentshouldwriteapaperonwhathehaslearnt.

[誤]Myglassesisbroken.

[IE]Myglassesarebroken.

[誤]1wanttobuytwoshoes.

[正]Iwanttobuytwopairsofshoes.

[析]英語(yǔ)中g(shù)lasses-眼鏡,shoes-鞋,trousers-褲子等由兩部分組成的名詞一般要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果要表示?副眼鏡應(yīng)用apairofglasses而這時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與地詞

相一致。如:Thispairofglassesisverygood.

[誤]MayIborrowtworadioes?

[正]MayIborrowtworadios?

[析]以。結(jié)尾的名詞大都是川加es來(lái)表示其復(fù)數(shù)形式,但如果o前面是一個(gè)元音字母或外來(lái)語(yǔ)時(shí)則只加s就可以了。這樣的詞有zoo-zoos,pianopianos.

「誤]ThisisaMary'sdictionary.

[正]ThisisMary'sdietionary.

[析]如名訶前有指示代詞this,that,thesethose,及其他修飾詞our,some,every,which,或所有格時(shí),則不要再加冠詞。

[誤]Therearemuchpeopleinthegarden.

[正]Therearemanypeopleinthegarden.

[析]可數(shù)名詞前應(yīng)用many,few,afew,alolof來(lái)修飾,而people是可數(shù)名詞,而且是竟數(shù)名詞,如:Thepeoplearepl<?ntingtreeshere.

[誤]Iwantafewwater.

[正]Iwanta1ittlewater.

[析]不可數(shù)名詞前可以用alittle,little,alotof,some來(lái)修飾,但不可用many,few來(lái)修飾。

[誤]Thankyouverymuch.Yourfamilyisverykindtome.

[IE]Thankyouverymuch.Yourfamilyareverykindtome.

[誤]Tom'sandMary'sfamilyarewaitingforus.

[正]Tom'sandMary'sfamiliesarewaitingforus.

[誤]I'msorry.1havetogo.Tom'sfamiliesarewaitingforme.

[正]I'msorry.Ihavetogo.Tom'sfamilyarewaitingforme.

[析]集合名詞如果指某個(gè)集合的整體,則應(yīng)視為單數(shù),如指某個(gè)集合體中的個(gè)體則應(yīng)視為第數(shù).如:蜘familyisabigfamily.WhenIcamein,Tom'sfamilywerewatching

TV.即湯姆-家人正在看電視。這樣的集合名詞有:familyclass,team等.

[談]Don*teattoomuchmeats.

[正]Don'teattoomuchmeat.

[誤]Foodinthatreslauraniisverygood.

[正]Thefoodinthatrestaurantisverygood.

[析]物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,在使用中不可以加s,即它沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。也不可加不定冠詞。但如果用于特指某物質(zhì)時(shí)可以加定冠詞。如:IdonHikedrinkingcoffee,

butthecoffeeinthatcupisreallygood.

[誤]Pleasegivemetwowaters.

[正]Pleasegivemetwoglassesofwaler.

[IE]Pleasegivemetwocoffees.

[析]物質(zhì)名詞如要加計(jì)量時(shí),一定要加量詞,ill:twocupsoftea,twoglassesofwater,aglassofmilk,aloafofbread,

apieceofbread,aboxofsugar,

abowlofrice,abottleoforange,

abagofearth

例:f11tellyouapieceofgocxlnews.

f.QHWcoffee可以用coffees來(lái)取代manycupsofcoffee.

「誤]Canyougivemethenewspaperoftoday?

[正]Canyougivemetoday'snewspaper?

[析]加's構(gòu)成所有格的名詞般應(yīng)指有生命的人或物,如:Mary'shair,但在英文的習(xí)慣用法中對(duì)時(shí)間、距離等名詞的所有格多用’s來(lái)構(gòu)成而不用of結(jié)構(gòu)。如:afiveminutes'

walk.

[誤]Pleasemakearoomfortheladyintheschoolbus.

[IE]Pleasemakeroomfortheladyintheschoolbus.

[析]英語(yǔ)中更多的名詞是含有多種用法和多種含意的,

如:room為可數(shù)名詞時(shí)為"房間",如IliveinRoom5,而room為抽軟名詞時(shí)為空間.上面一句話應(yīng)許為"請(qǐng)給老婦人在校車上留個(gè)地方。”這樣的詞還有:glass玻璃glasses

眼鏡stone石頭astone-塊石頭time時(shí)間twotimes兩次wood木頭woods樹(shù)林

[誤]Thereisaflowersgardenbehindmyhouse.

[正]Thereisaflowergardenbehindmyhouse.

[析]名詞除了在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)外,還可以用來(lái)修飾另一個(gè)名詞,這時(shí)作修飾詞的名詞般要用單數(shù)形式,如:sho。factory(鞋廠),postoffice(郵局),evening

paper(晚報(bào)),nighischool(夜校),headmaster(校長(zhǎng)),alawschool(法律學(xué)院)。但也有例外,如:agoodstrain(貨車),sportsmeeting(運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì))。

[誤]Mymotherboughttwofishesforsupperthismorning.

[正]Mymotherboughttwofishforsupperthismorning.

[析]英語(yǔ)中有些名詞單復(fù)同形,如:fish,deer,sheep,Chinese(中國(guó)人),means(方法)。所以應(yīng)講onefish,twofish,oneChinese,twoChinese.如果講Thereare

fivefishesinthepool.應(yīng)譯為池中有五種魚而不是五條魚.

[誤]Maryexpressedherthanktoherboyfriend.

[正]Maryexpressedherthankstoherboyfriend.

[析]英語(yǔ)中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:thanks,greens,而有些詞單■數(shù)形式與更數(shù)形式有不同的詞意。如:clothes為衣服,而cloth則是布,sand沙子,而sands

是沙灘。

[誤]1offeredmysonmycongratulationonhissuccess.

[正]Iofferedmysonmycongratulationsonhissuccess.

[析]英語(yǔ)中表示祝賀的詞雖有的數(shù)形式,但般嬖用其兔數(shù)形式。如握手為shakehands.

[誤]WehavefiveGermaninthismeeting.

[正]WehavefiveGermansinthismeeting.

[析]英國(guó)人Englishman的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Englishmen,而German則要加s,因?yàn)樗皇怯蓢?guó)名與man的組合詞。

[誤]TherearetwoAsinthisword.

[IE]TherearetwoA'sinthisword.

[析]在大寫字母縮寫形式的復(fù)數(shù)表達(dá)法中應(yīng)加s,但如字母是A、I時(shí),為了防止與As和Is相混,則饕用's即A's,I's

[談]Therearethree6sandtwo3sinmytelephonenumber.

[正]Therearethree6'sandtwo3'sinmytelephonenumber.

[析]在小寫字母與數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形式表達(dá)法中要用's

[誤]Wehavemanywomanteachersinout'school.

[正]Wehavemanywomenteachersinourschool.

[析]一般組合名詞變?yōu)槭窋?shù)形式時(shí)只將詞中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)如:

halfbrother-halfbrothers(同父異母或同母異父的兄弟)daughterinlaw-daughtersinlaw.(兒媳)但要注意的是:mandrivei-mondrivers(男司機(jī))womandoctor-women

doctors(女大夫)grownup-grownups(成年人)但是boysiudeni-則變?yōu)閎oystudents

[誤]PhysicsareverydifficulttoIearn.

[正]Physicsisverydifficulttolearn.

[析]雖以s結(jié)尾但只能用作單數(shù)名詞有:科學(xué),學(xué)科名字:Physics.Mathematicspolitics游戲名稱:bowls專有名稱:NiagaraFai1s(尼鈍加拉瀑布)其他名訶:news(消

息,新聞)

[誤]Thereisapeopleintheroom.

[IE]Thereisapersonintheroom.

[IE]Thereisamanintheroom.

[析]people是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,不可用作址數(shù),如要用來(lái)講一個(gè)人時(shí)應(yīng)用aperson,aman,awoman。同樣的詞有police.要講一個(gè)警察時(shí)則要用apoliceman,apolicewoman。

[誤]Whereismyshoe?

[正]Wherearemyshoes?

[析]常常只用作復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞有trousers,pants,shorts(短褲),socks(襪子),shoes,gloves(手套)。但如果只找其中的一個(gè)則要指明,這時(shí)還是應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式.如:

Wheresmyleftglove?(我左手的手套在哪?)

[誤]1paidfivepenniesforthesweet.

[IE]1paidfivepenceforthesweet.

[析]英博中便士有兩個(gè)史數(shù)形式pence用來(lái)表達(dá)一定數(shù)盤的錢。而pennies是指,個(gè)個(gè)的硬幣,如:1wanttochangethisnoteforpennies.我想把這紙幣換成硬幣。(即

一便士一個(gè)的硬幣)。

[誤]Therearemanyfruitintheshop.

[正]Therearemanyfruitsintheshop.

[析]物質(zhì)名詞為不可數(shù)名詞,但是用來(lái)表示種類時(shí)則可以用作可數(shù)名詞,這里應(yīng)譯為各種各樣的水果.

[誤]Thereisanewcar.ItisJone'sandMary's.

[正]Thereisanewcar.ItisJoneandMary's.

[析]有生命名詞的所有格,如果是雌數(shù)名詞則州s如:Mary'scar.如果是以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞則只在s后面加?如:teachers'offices.如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞但不是以s結(jié)尾,

則只加's,如:children'spalace組合名詞的所有格是在用后一個(gè)訶尾加's如:girlfriend-girlfriend*ssomeoneelse-someoneelse'saweekorthree-aweekor

three's如名詞后有同位語(yǔ)時(shí),則應(yīng)加在同位語(yǔ)的詞尾上,如:Itismygirlfriend,Mary'scar.要注意的是當(dāng)兩個(gè)名詞并列時(shí),如表示歸兩人共同所仃,則在最后。個(gè)

名詞后面加's,如果表示分別所有則在兩個(gè)名詞后分別加's,如:ThisisMaryandJone*shome.即Mary與Jone是-」家人.這是他們共網(wǎng)的家。而TheseareMary'sand

Jone'shomes.則應(yīng)譯為這里是Mary的家與Jone的家。

「誤]11isreallybeautiful.11isaworkofnature.

[正]11isreallybeautiful.11isaNature'swork.

[析]無(wú)生命名詞的所有格應(yīng)用of結(jié)構(gòu)。但是's形式的所有格可用于以F無(wú)生命的名詞:表示時(shí)間的訶:today'snewspaper,atwentyminutes,walk,anhour's,rest

表示長(zhǎng)度的詞:threemetres*distance,aboat'slength,twentymiles'journey表示重址的名詞:twopounds'weight價(jià)格名詞:twodollars'worth擬人化的名詞:

Nature*swork,nature'slesson(大自然的教訓(xùn))及國(guó)家、機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、城市等機(jī)構(gòu)性名詞:theuniversity*slibrary

[誤]Heisanoldfriendofmyfather.

[正]Heisanoldfriendofmyfather,s.

[析]這是英語(yǔ)中的一種習(xí)慣用法而不要根據(jù)語(yǔ)法去推理。如:ThispenisTom's.

[誤]Myfatherisagoodcooker.

[IE]Myfatherisagoodcook.

[析],般動(dòng)詞加上er后則轉(zhuǎn)意為執(zhí)行該動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,如:teach(教)-teacher(老師),think(想)Thinker(思想家),drive(開(kāi)車)-driver(司HD,sell(賣)-seller(實(shí)物

者)……但不能總是以此類推,比如cook是動(dòng)詞“做飯Z而cook也可作為名詞“心肺"講,而cooker則為廚具,餐具,即鍋、碗、勺等做飯用具.

[誤]Theyoungisdancingthere.

[正]Theyoungaredancingthere.

[析J英文中用定冠詞加上形容詞表示一類人時(shí)應(yīng)按發(fā)數(shù)名訶,如:therich富人,thepoor(窮人),thewise聰明人,但如果用定冠詞加形容訶來(lái)表示小物則要用作單數(shù)

名詞,如:Thebeautifulisstil1here.美麗的風(fēng)愛(ài)依舊.

[誤]Thestoriesofthebookwaswrittenmanyyearsago.

[11:]Thestoriesofthebookwerewrittenmanyyearsago.

[析]這句話的真正主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是siories,所以應(yīng)用更數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

[誤]ThisisoneoftheEnglishChinesedictionary.

[正]ThisisoneoftheEnglishChinesedictionaries.

[析]oneof意為"……之,,of后面的名詞要用好數(shù)形式。

[誤]Let,sgotouncleWangforsupper.

[正]Let,sgotouncle"ang'sforsupper.

[析]uncleWang's意為"五叔叔家",doctor's意為"醫(yī)院或私人診所

[誤]]thinkwewi11makeafriendwitheachother.

[fl-]Ithinkwewillmakefriendswitheachother.

[析Jmakefriends為習(xí)慣用法,即交朋友。

[誤]Iwanttotellyoumuchpiecesofgoodnews.

[il:]1wanttotel1youmanypiecesofgoodnews.

[析]news為不可數(shù)名詞,但加了證詞之后則要用many來(lái)修飾量制.因量詞是可數(shù)名詞,或可以說(shuō)Iwanttotellyousomegoodnews.因some即可用在可數(shù)名詞曲,也

可用在不可數(shù)名詞前作形容詞,如:1wanttotellyousomepiecesofgoodnews.

[誤]Theteacherwithfivestudentsarecominghere.

[正]Theteacherwithfivestudentsiscominghere.

[析]要注意由with引出的介詞短語(yǔ)不是本句的主語(yǔ),這與連詞and有很大的區(qū)別,如:Theteacherandfivestudentsarecominghere.這里由介詞引出的短語(yǔ)僅僅是

teacher的修飾語(yǔ)。

[誤]Therearealotofinformationhero,butwedon'tneedthem.

[IE]Thereisalotofinformationhere,butwcdon'tneedit.

[析]information為不可數(shù)名詞,而用作代替它的詞要用i1而不能用them.

[誤]Manyastudentmakethesamemistakeintheextun.

[正]Manyastudentmakesthesamemistakeintheexam.

[析]manya加可數(shù)名訶單數(shù),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)訶應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,但其意為許多學(xué)生。

[誤]Thechildrenwearverygoodclothtogotoschooltoday.

[正]ThechiIdronwearverygoodclothestogotoschooltoday.

[析]英文中磯olh,clothes,clothing是易混之詞:cloih是物質(zhì)名詞,意為"布",沒(méi)有莫數(shù)形式,而clothing是指衣物的總稱,也沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。clothes是指衣服,但

沒(méi)有堆數(shù)形式,如:Thisclothingisneededinwarmcountries.Herclothesaremadeoffinecloth.英文中的dress則指較正規(guī)的服裝,如:aschooldress校服,

aneveningdress晚禮服。

[媒]IliketostudytheEnglish.

[正]IliketostudyEnglish.

[析J作為一種學(xué)科名詞前不要用冠詞,而作為某一特指學(xué)科則鬟加冠詞,如:IIikotostudyhistory.IliketostudythehistoryofAmerica.

[誤]TheBrownsisgoingtovisitChina.

[正]TheBrownsaregoingtovisitChina.

[析]定冠詞加姓加s,則意為"Brown先生?家人”。所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.此句應(yīng)譯為:Brown先生一家將要訪問(wèn)中國(guó)。

(三)例題解析

1.LucyandLily____inthesameclass.

A.amB.isC.areD.be

[答案]C.

[析]由and連接兩個(gè)小數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)按更數(shù)名詞來(lái)搭配謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

2.Whichisthe____tothebusslop,please?

AroadBwayCstreetDaddress

[答案]B.

[析]這是考察同意詞辨析,road是指較寬闊的大道,意為"鄉(xiāng)間公路。而street意為道路兩邊的建筑物較高,可視為街道之意,而way則多為要到達(dá)某地所要經(jīng)過(guò)的途徑,

還可引深為方式、方法。而address則為“地址如:Thereisacarrunningalongthecountryroad.Iliveat105Parkstreet.Canyoushowmethewaytothe

NationalMuseum?

3.Hurryup!Thereis_____timeleft.

AlittleBalittleCfewDafew

[答案]人

[析]因time作為時(shí)間講為不可數(shù)名訶,所以不可用few.afew來(lái)修飾。另外,英文的表達(dá)法與中文不同,中文講,快點(diǎn),時(shí)間不多了,而英文要講,快點(diǎn),沒(méi)時(shí)間了.因

此,要用little而不用alittle.

4.Howmany___canyouseeinthepicture?

AtomatosBtomatoesCtomatoI)thetomato

[答案]B,

[析J用Howmany提問(wèn)時(shí),其名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,而tomato的復(fù)數(shù)要加es.

5.-___isthemeat.Please?

-Tenyuanakilo.

AHowmuchBHowmanyCHowoldI)Howlong

[答案]A.

[析]由對(duì)話的答語(yǔ)可看出其問(wèn)句問(wèn)的是價(jià)格。錢數(shù)作為性體、價(jià)格講時(shí),不論其值是多少都是不可數(shù)名詞,要用howmuch提問(wèn)。

6Theboy'snameisJamesAllenGreen.Sohisgivennameis____.

AJamesAllenBAllenGreenCJamesGreenDMr.Green

[答案]A.

[析]英文的習(xí)慣與中文不同,中文是姓在前名字在后,而英文則是姓在最后,其第一個(gè)名字是由父母所起的,中間的名字可能是父母、教父所起的,但都可稱作givenname,

而姓在英文中是familyname.

7Shanghaiisoneofthebiggest_____inourcountry.

AcityBcity*sCcitysDcities

[答案]D.

[析]復(fù)音字母以y結(jié)尾的單詞的女?dāng)?shù)形式要把y變成i再加les。oneof加名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。

8Wouldyoupleasepassme_____?

AtwopaperBtwopapers

CtwopiecesofpaperI)t*x)piecesofpapers

[答案]C.

[析]paper是不可數(shù)名詞,如講…張、兩張紙時(shí),要用量詞piece.

9September10this____Day.

ATeacherBTeachersCTeacher*sDTeachers,

[答案]D.

101onlyhave_____breadforlunchtoday.

AabitBabitofClittleDfew

[答案]B.

11*Whacwouldyoulike,Ann?""I'd1iketwo____

AglassofmilkBglassesofmiIk

CglassofmilksDglassesofmiIks

[答案]B.

12Thereisn't___paperinthebox.Wi11yougoandget______forme?

Aany,someBany,anyCsome,someI)some,any

[答案]A.

[析]any用于否定句與疑問(wèn)句,但如果要表達(dá)說(shuō)話者真心實(shí)意希里得到肯定答第時(shí),問(wèn)句中要用some而不要按般語(yǔ)法規(guī)律用any.

13June1stis____.

AChildren'sdayBchildren'sDay

CChildren'sDayI)children'sday

[答案]C.

14Theseforeignfriendsare____.

AGermanBGermenCGermanyDGennans

[答案]D.

15Allthestudentsarebusy,so____ofthemwillgotothecinema.

AmanyBlittleCafewI)few

[答案]I).

[析]student是可數(shù)名詞,而析w用于可數(shù)名詞,意為:幾乎沒(méi)有學(xué)生去電影院。

16Therearethree____andseven______inthepicture.

Adeers,sheepsBdeers,sheep

Cdeer,sheepDdeer,sheeps

[答案]C.

[析]deer與sheep均是單復(fù)同形的名詞。

17Whoseroomisthis?It's____,

AmyBKike'sandJohn's

CourDKikeandJohn*s

[答案]D.

[析]因?yàn)閞oom為單數(shù).所以不可能是Kike的何與John的間,應(yīng)為二者共用的間房子.

2010中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)2詞法冠詞

時(shí)間:2010年02月011」作者:中考網(wǎng)整合來(lái)源:中考網(wǎng)整合

2010中考英語(yǔ)總史習(xí)2訶法冠詞

二、冠河

(~)知識(shí)概要

冠詞在英語(yǔ)中只有3個(gè)詞,分為兩類:不定冠詞a與an,定冠詞ihe.a用在以輔音開(kāi)始的單數(shù)名詞前,an用了以元音開(kāi)始的單訶前。不定冠詞用來(lái)去示一類事物中泛指的

某一事物,而定冠詞則用于特指的某一個(gè)或某些事物,可用于不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞總數(shù)及可數(shù)名詞更數(shù)前。

(:)正誤辨析

「誤]Thisbuildingisanuniversity.

[正]Thisbuildingisauniversity.

[析]a用手以軸音音素開(kāi)始的單詞前,而an用于以元音音素開(kāi)始的單詞前,而不是元音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞前。university的第?個(gè)音素是[j],所以用a而不要用an。又

如:Thoreisa"n"intheword.是錯(cuò)句,應(yīng)為:Thereisan"n"intheword.因字母n的發(fā)音的第一個(gè)音素是元音.要注意的還有hour因其第一個(gè)字母h不發(fā)音,所以

應(yīng)該HJanhour.例.如:

Ineedanhourtofinishthework.

Itisausefu1dictionary.

ItisaEuropeancountr>'-

1boughtausedcar.

[誤]Ineedaumbrellabecauseitlookslikeraining.

[正]Ineedanumbrellabecauseiilooks1ikeraining.

[析]因umbrella的第一個(gè)析素是元音,所以應(yīng)用an.港用的情況有:anoldman,anEnglishteacher,anelephant,anidea,anhourago,anhonestboy-%

[誤]"Canyouhelpme*"Sorry,I'minhurry.w

[正]“Canyouhelpme",Sorry.I'minahurry.”

[析]不定「詞的主要用法如卜:

1.用來(lái)表示一類人或事物,如:Sheisateacher.

2.指某一類人或事物中的一個(gè),如:Anelephantisbiggerthanahorse.

3.泛指某一人或事物,如:Amaniswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.

4.相當(dāng)了"one"的概念,如:1justboughtanewdictionary.

5.其主要的難點(diǎn)是用在固定詞組中:

如:haveawalk/arest/alook

又如:inahurry匆匆忙忙

makeaface作鬼臉

dosomebodyafavour陽(yáng)某人忙

anumberof-many

又如:haveagoodtime(玩得好)

haveacold(感冒)

haveaheadache(頭痛)

haveabreak=havearest

[誤]Iboughtthedictionaryyesterday.Adictionaryisverygood.

[正]Iboughtadictionaryyesterday.Thedictionaryisverygood.

[析]在文章中第一次提到某物時(shí)用不定冠詞,而第:次提到時(shí)用定冠詞。

[i吳]Pleaseturnofflightsbeforeyouleave.

[正]Pleaseturnoffthelightsbeforeyouleave.

〔析]雖然是第一次提到某物但說(shuō)話雙方均知其所指,也應(yīng)用定冠詞。

[誤]Therearenineplanetsaroundasun.

[正]Therearenineplanetsaroundthesun.

[析]世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的天體等名詞前應(yīng)加定冠詞,如:theearth,themoon,thesun,thesky,thesea.

[誤]1liveonasecondfloorofthisbuilding.

[正]Iliveonthesecondfloorofthisbuilding.

[析]在序數(shù)詞,形容詞艱高級(jí)前要用定冠詞。如:Heistheoldestinthefamily.

[誤]Iwanttolearnthesecondlanguagethisterm.

[正]1wanttolearnasecondlanguagethisterm.

[析]在序數(shù)詞的含意不是順^中的第一第,而其意在于再學(xué)-?個(gè),再來(lái)一個(gè)時(shí),應(yīng)用a,本句的意思應(yīng)為:這學(xué)期我嬖學(xué)門第二外語(yǔ).

[誤]Mississippiisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.

[IE]TheMississippiisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.

[析]在河流名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞,如:theYellowRiver(黃河)。

[媒]Look,thereareAlp.

[誤]Look,therearetheAlp.

[正]Look,therearetheAlps.

[析]具體的某一,座山不加定冠詞,如:MountainTai.但在山名稱前加定冠詞后,其山名要加s,來(lái)表示山脈。th。Alps即為阿爾卑斯山脈“<l||:TheAlpsareinthecenter

ofEurope.

[誤]Timesisoneoftheoldestnewspapersintheworld.

[fl-]TheTimesisoneoftheoldestnewspapersintheworld.

[析]報(bào)刊名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞。

[誤]Richarenotalwayshappy.

[正]Thericharenotalwayshappy.

[析」在形容詞前加定冠詞表示一類人,而在姓地前面加定冠詞,姓后加s表示某,?家,如:TheturnersaregoingtomovetoNewYork.

[誤]Iliketoeatbreadforbreakfast.Breadsellsinthisshopi$verygood.

[IE]1liketoeatbreadforbreakfast.Thebreadsellsinthisshopisverygood.

[析]物質(zhì)名詞特指時(shí)也應(yīng)加定冠詞。

[誤]Thesunrisesineast.

[正]Thesunrisesintheeast.

[析]在方向、方位前應(yīng)用定冠詞.如:intheeast,inthewest,inthenorth,inthesouth,inthedirection及inthepast,inthefuture

[誤]Doyouknowwhoinventedtelephone

[正]Doyouknowwhoinventedthetelephone

[析]在特定和專有事物或名稱前要加定冠詞,

如:theEnglishChannel英吉利海峽

thePanamaCanal巴空馬運(yùn)河

theSuezCanal蘇伊士運(yùn)河

[誤]Wouldyoupleasebuysomefoodforthesupper

[IE]Wouldyoupleasebuysomefoodforsupper

[析]泛指一日三餐前無(wú)定冠詞。

[誤]1liketoclimbthemountainintheautumn.

[正]Iliketoclimbthemountaininautumn.

[析]一年四季前不用定冠詞,如:Springisthebestseasoninayear.

[誤]Sometimesmyparentscometoschooltoseeme.

[iE]Sometimesmyparentscometotheschooltoseeme.

[析]有些名詞被用作其本身原來(lái)所含目的時(shí)不加冠詞,如:g。toschool上學(xué),leaveschool(輟學(xué)),afterschool(放學(xué)),但如果當(dāng)建筑物講時(shí)應(yīng)加冠詞,如例句中其

父母來(lái)校不是上學(xué),而是看望孩子,則要加定冠訶。又如,Hewasinhospitalfortwodays.(他在醫(yī)院住院兩天了.)rfij:Hewenttothehospitaltoseehismother.

他去醫(yī)院看望他的母親。

「誤]Iboughtasamedictionaryasshebought.

[正]1boughtthesamedictionaryasshebought.

[析]在慣用法th。same,theonly,thevei7前的定冠詞不可換為不定冠詞.

[誤]Thepolicecaughtthethiefbyhisarm.

[正]ThepolicecaughIthethiefbythearm.

[析]這是英文表達(dá)法與中文的明顯不同之處,也是初學(xué)者極易忽視之處。在英語(yǔ)中的某些動(dòng)詞,如:catch(抓),take(拿),strike(打),pat(拍),hit(擊),hold?,

pu

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