2019年英語專業(yè)八級真題及解析

TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2019)Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelisteningtomini-lecture,pleasecompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONEandwriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachgap.Makesureyoufillinisbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.Nowlistentothemini-lecture.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTHREEminutestocheckyoInthissectionyouwillhearONEinterview.TheinterviewwillbedividedintoTWOparts.Attheendofeachpart,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.BoththeinterviewandthequestionswillbespokenONCEONLY.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeaten-secondpause.Duringthepause,youshouldreadthefourchoicesofA),B),C)andD),andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.Now,listentothefirstinterview.QuestionsIto5arebasedonPartOneoftheinterview.NowlistentotheB.Endangeredspecies.C.Itisjustatemporaryvariation.D.Itischangingourwaysofliving.3.A.Protectionofendangeredanimal'shabitats.B.Negativehumanimpactontheenvironment.C.FrequentabnormalphenomenaonD.Thewoman'sindifferentattitudetotheearth.4.A.NatureshouldtakeitscourB.Peopletakethingsforgranted.C.Humansaredamagingtheearth.D.Animalsshouldstayawayfromzoos.B.Pessimistic.D.Subjective.NowlisteningtoPartTwoofthein6.A.Teachers’resistancetochange.B.Students'inadequateabilitytoread.C.Teachers'misunderstandingofsuchliteracy.D.Students'indifferencetothenewmethod.7.A.Abilitiestocompletechallengingtasks.B.AbilitiestolearnsubjectmatterknowC.AbilitiestoperformbetterinschoolD.Abilitiestoperformdisciplinarywork.8.A.Recallingspecificinformation.B.Understandingparticulardetails.C.Examiningsourcesofinformation.D.Retellingahistoricalevent.9.A.EngagingliteracyanddisciC.Teachingdisciplinarydiscoursepracticesbyliteracyteachers.C.Toexplainaproblem.D.Topresentdetails.SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONSInthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbyfourteenmultiplechoicequestions.Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETTWO.(1)Whenitcametoconcealinghistroubles,TommyWilhelmwasnoatleasthethought,andtherewasacertainamountofevidencetobackhimup.Hehadoncebeenotquite,anextra—andheknewwhatactingshouldbe.Also,hewassmokingacigar,andwhenamanissmokingacigar,wearingahat,hehasanadvantage;itishardetwenty-thirdfloordowntothelobbyonthemezzaninetocollecthismailbeforebreakfast,andhebelieved—hehoped—thathelookedpassablywell:doingallright.Itwasamatterofsheerhope,becausetherewasnotmuchthathecouldaddtohispresenteffortoftenmetatthishour,onthewaytobreakfast.Ifheworriedabouthisappearanceitwasmainlyforhisoldfather'ssake.Buttherewasnostoponthefourteenth,andtheelevatorsankaopenedandthegreatdark-redunevencarpetthatcoveredthelobbybillowedtowardWilhelm'sfeet.Intheforegroundthelobbywasdark,sleepy.Frenchdrapeslikesailskeptouwereopen,andintheblueairWilhelmsawapigeonabouttolighofthemoviehousedirectlyunderneaththelobby.Foronemomentheheardthewingsbeatingstrongly.(2)MostoftheguestsattheHotelGlorianawerepasttheageofretirement.AlongBroadwayintheSeventies,Eighties,andNineties,agreatpartofNewYork'svastpopulationofoldmenandwomenlives.UnlesstheweatheristoocoldorwettheyfillthebenchesaboutthetinyrailedparksandalongthesubwaygratingsfromVerdiSquaretoColumbiaUniversity,theycrowdtheshopsandcafeterias,thedimestores,thetearooms,thebakeries,thebeautyparlors,thereadingroomsandclubrooms.AmongtheseoldpeopleattheGloriana,Wilhelmfeltoutofplace.Hewascomparativelyyoung,inhismiddleforties,largeandblond,withbigshoulders;hisbackwasheavyandstrong,ifalreadyalittlestoopedorthickened.Afterbreakfasttheoldguesleatherarmchairsandsoseveralmonths,becausehehadnoposition,hehadkeptubreakfastwithhisfather.Afterbreakfast—out,out,outtoattendtobusiness.Thegettingouthadinitselfbecomethechiefbusiness.Buthehadrealizedthathecouldnotkeepthisupmuchlonger,andtodayhewasafraid.Hewasawarethathisroutinewasabouttobreakupandhesensedthatahugetroublelongpresaged(預(yù)感)buttillnowformlesswasdue.Beforeevening,he'dknow.(3)Neverthelesshefollowedhisdailycourseandcrossedthelobby.(4)Rubin,themanatthenewsstand,hadpooreyes.Theymaynothavebeenactuallyweakbuttheywerepoorinexpression,withlacylidsthatfurlewasbehindthecountermostofthetime—buthedressedverywell.Hehadonarichbrownsuit;thecuffsembarrassedthehairsonhissmallhands.HeworeaCountessMarapaintednecktie.ARubindidnotseehim;hewaslookingoutdreaseveralblocksaway.TheAnsonia,theneighborhood'sgreatlandmark,wasbuiltbyStanfordWhite.abaroquepalacefromPragueorMunichenlargedahundredtimes,withtowers,domesofmetalgonegreenfromexposure,ironfretworkandfestoons.Blacktelevisionantennaeitsroundsummits.Underthechangesofweatheritmaylfog,whiteastufainsunlight.Thismorningitlookedliketheimageofitselfreflectedindeepwatecumulousabove,withcavernousdistortionsunderneath.Together,the(5)ThenRubinsaid,"Yourdadisintobreakfasta“Oh,yes?Aheadofmetoday?”“That'sarealknocked-outshirtyougoton,"saidRubin.“Where'sitfrom,Saks?”“No,it'saJackFagman—Chicago.”(6)Evenwhenhisspiritswerelow,Wilhelmcouldstillwrinklehisforeheadinapleasingwayslow,silentmovementsofhisfacewereveryattractive.Hewentbackastep,asiftostandawayfromhimselfandgetabetterlookathisshirt.Hisglancewascomibutoncehehadputitoneacharticweresmall;hischeekswhenhelaughedandpuffedgrewround,andhelookedmuchusedtosaythat,bigashewas,hecouldcharmabirdoutof(7)“Ilikethisdove-graycolor,"hesaidinhissociable,good-naturedway."Itisn'twsendittothecleaner.It11.Wilhelmhopedhelookedallrightonhiswaytothel12.WilhelmhadsomethingincommonwiththeoldguestsinthatthB.Hewasworriedthathisfatherwaslate.D.Hewasexcitedaboutapossiblejoboffer.14.WhichpartofRubin'sclothesmadehimlookparticularlyawkward(ParaB.Thecuffs.C.HelookedlikeaD.Theclothesheworeneverquitematch(1)Bythe1840sNewYorkwastheleadingcommercialcityoftheUniPhiladelphiaasthelargestcityinthecountcapitalofthenation,itsimagehadbecomesomewhatlanguid;ithadnotkeptupwiththeimplicationsofthenewlyindustrializedeconomy,ofadiversifiedethnicpopulation,oroftherapidlyrisingmiddleclass.NewYorkwastheplacewherethe“new”Americawascomingintobeing,soitishardlysurprisingthatthemodernnewspaperhaditsbirththere.(2)Thepennypaperhadfounditsfirstsuccereadersfromallwalksoflife.Ontheotherhand,theSunwdiversions;fewtodaywouldcallitanewspaperatall.Dayhimselfwasaneditoroflimitedvision,andhedidnotpossesstheabilityortheimaginationtoclimbtheslopestoloftierheights.Ifrealnewspapersweretoemergefromthepublic'sdemandformoreandbettercoverage,itwouldhavetocomefromayouthfueditorsforwhomjournalismwasatotallyabsorbingprofession,anexactingvocationalidealratherthanamereoffshootofjobprinting.(3)Bythe1840stwogiantsburstintothefield,editorswhowouldrevolutionizejournalism,wouldbringthenewspaperintothemodernage,andshowhowitcouldbeineitherofwhomhasbeentreatedkindlybyhistory,wereJamesGordonBennettandHoraceGreeley.BennettfoundedhisNewYorkHeraldin1835,lessthantwoyearsaftertheappearanceoftheSun.HoraceGreeleytwomendespisedeachother,althoughyearsbefore.Neitherwasapoliticalhackbondedtoapoliticalparty.Greeleyfanciedhimselfapublicintellectual.Hehadstrongpoliticalviews,andhewantedtorunforofficehimself,butpartyfactotumhecouldneverbe;hebristledwithidealsandcausesofhisowndevising.OfficiallyhewasaWhig(andlateseldomgavecomforttohischosenparty.Bennett,ontheotherhand,hadlongsincecuthispoliticalties,andalthoughhispapercoveredlocalandnationalpoliticsfullyandhewentafterpoliticiansBennettwasacynic,adistrusterofallsettledvalues.Hedidnotregardhimselfasanintellectual,althoughinfacthewasbettereducatedthanGreeley.Hethoughthimselfonlyahard-boilednewspaperman.Greeleywasinterestedinideasandinwhatwashappeningtothecountry.Bennettwaswantedtofindoutwhatthenewswas,whatpeoplewantedtoread.Andwhenhefoundouthegaveittothem.outsidethecircleofpolitesociety,evenwhentheybecameprosperous,andinBennett'scase,wealthy.Bothwereincurableeccentrics.Neitherwasagentleman.Neitherconjuredupthepictureofasuccessfuleditor.Greeleywasunkempt,alwayslookinglikeanunmadeberesembledaclerkinathird-ratebrokeragehouse,withslipsofpaper—marked-upproofsperhaps—hangingoutofhispocketsorstuckinhishat.Hebecamefat,wasalwaysnearsighted,alwayspeeringoverspectacles.Hespokeinahigh-pitchedwhine(哀號).NotafewpeoplesuggestedthathelookedexactlyliketheillustrationsofCharlesDickens'sMr.Pickwick.Greeleyprovidedahumorousdescriptionofhimself,writtenunderthepretensethatithadbeentheworkofhislong-timeadversaryJamesFenimoreCooper.Theeditorwas,accordingtothedescription,ahalf-bald,long-legged,slouchingindividual"sorockingingait(步態(tài))thathewalksdownbothsidesofthestreetatonce."實的)Scotsman,whoseemedtorepelintimacy,Bennettlookedaroundattheworldwithasquintyglareofhim,althoughnobodywhohaddealingswithhim,howeverbrief,doubtedhisabilities.He,too,couldhavecomeoutofabookofDickensianeccentrics,althoughperhapsEbenezerScroogeorThomasGradgrindcomestomindratherthanthekindlyoldMr.Pickwick.Greeleywaslaughedatbutadmired;Bennettwassneveradmired;ontheotherhand,hehadahardprofessionalcompetenceandanencyclopedicknowledgeofhisadoptedcountry,anin-depthlearninguncorruptedbyvagueidealisms.Allofthisperfectlysuitedhimforthejournalismofthisconfusingage.(6)BothGreeleyandBennetthadservedlonnewspaperbusiness.Theytookalongtimegettingtothetop,theonlyrewardforthelongyearsofwaitingbeingthatwhentheyhadtheirownnewspapers,bothknewwhaperiodofmodestsuccessasaneditor.Bennett,olderbysixteenyears,foundsolidcomhehadnoonebehindhimexcepthimselfwWallStreet.FortunatelythisturnedouttobequitD.BenDayhadstrivenforbettercoverage.17.WhichofthefollowD.GreeleyandBennettpossesseddifferentpoliticalvalues.18.WhichofthefollowingfiguresofspeechwasusedtodescribeGreeley'smannerofwalking(Para.4)?A.Exaggeration.B.Paradox.D.Personification.A.hadstrongercapabiliC.wasinpursuitofidealisminjournalismD.wasknowledgeableabouthishomecountry20.HowwasGreeleydifferentfromBD.Hehadamorehumiliatingapprenticeship.(1)WhymakeafilmaboutNedKelly?MoreingeniouscrimesthanthosecommittedbytherecklessAustralianbanditarereportedeveryday.WhatisthereinNedKellytojustifydraggingthemesmericMickJaggersofarintotheAustralianbushandawayfromhisnaturalhaunts?TheansweristhatthefilmmakersknowEmilianoZapata.(2)Abanditinhabitsaspecialrealmoflegendwherehisdeedsareembroideredbyothers;whereratherthanhislifeisconsideredbeyondbelief;wherethemenwhobringhimto"justice"areafflictedwithdoubts(3)Thebandithadaroletoplayasdefiniteasthatoftheauthoritieswhocondemnedtheminconflictwithauthority,and,intheabsenceofstronglawortheideaideaofloyaloppositionhills.Eventhere,however,manyofthemobeyedcertainunwrittenrules.(4)Theserobbers,whoclaimedtobesomethingmorethanmerethieves,hadincommon,firstly,asenseofloyaltyandidentitywiththepeasanttheycameflord's.(5)Andcertaincharacteristicsseemtoapplyto“soweregenerallyyoungmenundertheageofmarriage,predictablythebestagefordissidence.Someweresimplythesurplusmalepopulationwhohadtolookforanothersourceofincome;otsoldiers;aminority,thoughthemostinteresting,wereoutstandingmenwhowereunwillingtoacceptthemeekandpassiveroleofpeasant.(6)Theyusuallyoperatedinbandsandbadtransport.Andbanditsprosperedbestwhereauthoritywasmerelylocal—overthenexthillandtheywerefree.Unlikethegeneralrunofpeasantrytheyhadatasteforflamboyantdressandgesture;butsharethepeasants'religiousbeliefsandsuperstitions.outlawryasavictiimofinjustice;andwhenhethensetoutto"rightwrongs",firsthisownandthenotherherichandgivestothepoor"inconfofsocialinjustice;heneverkillsexceptinself-defenseorjustifiablerevenge;hestayswievenreturnstoitifhecantotakeupanhonorableplace;hispeopleadmireandhelptoprotecthim;hediesthroughthetreasonofoneofthem;hebehavesasifinvisibleandinvulnerable;heisa"loyalist",nevertheenemyofthekingbutonlyofthelocaloppressors.(8)Noneofthebanditslivedupfullytothisimageofthe"noblerobber"andformanytheclaimoflargermotiveswasoftenadelusion.(9)Yetamazingly,manyoftheseviolentmendidbehaveatleasthalfthetimeinaccordancewiththisidealistpattern.PanchoVillainMexicoandSalvatoreGiulianoinItalybeganManyoftheircharitableactslaterbecamelegends.(10)Farfrombeingdefeatedindeath,bandits'reputationforinvincibilitywasoftenstrengthenedbythemanneroftheirdying.The"dirtylittlecoward"whoshotJesseJamesinthebackisineandtheimplicationisthatnothingelsecouldhavebroughtJessedown.astheytriedtodoatfirstwithGiuliano'sdeath,thelocalpeoplerefusedtobelieveit.Andnotjustthebanvitalitypromptsthepeopletorefusetobelievethattheirherohasdied;hisdeathwouldbeinsomewaythedeathofhope.(11)Forthetraditional"noblerobber"representsanextremelyprimitiveformofsocialprotest,perhapsthemostprimitivethereis.Heisanindividualwhorefusestobendhisback,thatisall.Mostprotesterswilleventuallybeboughtoverandpersuadedtocometotermswiththeoffnot,orwhoarebelievedtohaveremaineduncontaminated,havesogreatandpassionateaburdenofadmirationandlonginglaiduponthem.Theycannotabolishoppression.Buttheydoprovethatjusticeispossible,thatpoormenneednotbehumble,helplessandmeek.peasantnorbandit.Insomewaysthecharactersanddeedsofthegreatbanditscouldsoreadilybethestuffofgrandopera—DonJosein“Carmen”isbasedontheAndalusianbanditE1Empranillo.Buttheyareperhapsmoreathomeinfolksongs,inpopulartalesandtheritualdramasoffilms.WhenwesitinthedarknessofthecinematowatchthebolddeedsofNedKellywearecaughtupinadmirationfortheirstronginsimplegestureofprotest,theirpassionforjusticeandtheirconfidencethattheycannotbebeaten.Thissustainsusnearlyasmuchasitdidthealmosthopelesspeoplefromwhomtheysprang.21.WhichofthefollowingwordsisNOTintendedtosuggestapprovalofbandits?A.Bold(Para.1).B.Claimed(Para.4).C.Legend(Para.2).22.OfthefollowingreasonswhichistheLEASTlikelyoneforbecomingbandits?A.TheylikedtheatricalclothesandbehavB.Theywantedtohelpthepoorcountryfolk.C.TheywereunwillingtoacceptD.Theyhadveryfewcareersopentothem.23.“…begantheircareersharshlyvictimized”(Para.9)meansthattheyC.tooktoviolencethroughasenseofinju24.WhathasmadebanditssuitaSECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONSInthissectionthereareeightshortanswerquestionsbasedonthepassagesinSECTIONA.AnswereachquestioninNOMORETHANTENWORDSinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.25.In“…,andtherewasacertainamountofevidencetobackhimup(Para.1)",whatdose"evidence”refer26.WhatisWilhelm'scharacteristicthathasneverchangedallthoseyear27.SummarizeinyourownwordsthemeaningoftheitalicizedpartinthelastsentenceofPara.2.28.Whatdoes"……,butheseldomgavecomforttohischosenparty"meanaccordingtothecontext(Para.3)?30.WritedownTWOfeaturesoftheidealistpattern(Para.9).31.Whatdoes“hope”meana32.Whatdoes“Heisanindividualwhorefusestobendhisback”mean(Para.11)?ThepassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproof-readthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheForamissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha"A"signandwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Foranunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash“/”andputthewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.WhenAartmuseumwantsanewexhibit,itneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangsthemonthewall.Whenanaturalhistowantsanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildiTranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextfromChineseintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEETTHREE.白洋淀曾有“北國江南”的說法，但村舍的形制自具特色，與江南截然不同。南方多雨，屋頂是坡頂；這里的村舍則不同，屋頂是曬糧食的地方，而且歷史上每逢水大洪泛，村民就得把屋里的東西搬到屋頂上。房屋彼此挨得很近，有些屋頂幾乎相連。Readcarefullythefollowingtwoexcerptsonconsumption,andthenwriteyourresponseinNOLESSTHAN300WORDS,inwhichyoushould:1.summarizethemainmessageofthetwoexcerpts,2.commentontheroleofconsumptioninhumansociety,especiallyonwhetherconsumptionmayleadtodesirableorundesirableresults.Youcansupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpts.Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality.FailuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarksWriteyourarticleonANSWERSHEETFOUR.ConsequencesofconsumerismInHumanDevelopmentReport1998OverviewbytheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram(UNDP),“Worldconsumptionhasexpandedatanunprecedentedpaceoverthe20thcentury,withprivateandpublicconsumptionexpendituresreaching$24trillionin1998,In1990realconsumptionexpenditurewasbarely$1.5trillion."InSeptember2001,theBBCairedadocumentarycalled"Shopology,"wherepsychologistslookedintothepsychologyofshoppingandconsumerismincountrieslikeBritain,USAandJapanandaskedifwashealthyforconsumers.Ofthemanypointstheyraised,theyobservedthat:·Weessentially“buevenmoretofeelbetter;Twoyearslater,theBBCairedanotherdocumentarycalled"Spend,Spend,Spend."Itlookedattheissuesofwhetherornottheincreasedwealthandconsumerismhadledtomoreindividuals.ThedocumentaryobservedthnotnecessarilyleadtomoresatisfactioninBritain.WheninterviewedintheprograOswaldofWarwickUniversitysaidthatthekeyreasonforthiswasbecauseaswegetJoneses”syndrome.Theimplicationsofthisareprofound.AsOswaldsuggested,itis"hardtomhappierastheygetricherandricherbecausehumanbeingslookconstantlycurseofhumanbeings;makingcomparisons."Excerpt2ConsumptionasapathtocultiConsumption,forGeorgeSimmel,Germansociologistandphilosopher,liesattheheartoftheprocethroughwhichpeoplebecomecultivated,thatis,growtobecomeparticipating,reflectivemembersofsociety.Simmelbelievedtobethekeytocultivation.Subjectivity,theuniquelyhumawhichallowsfortheself-consciousconstructionofactionandidentity,idevelopsthroughthecreativetensionprovidedbyinteractionwithobjects(includingpeople)existingintworld.ForSimmel,consumptionprovidesavitalforumforthissubject-objectinteraction.Throughconsumption,peoplecometounderstand,instillmeaningin,andactuponoConsumptionprovidespeoplewiththeopportunitytorefinethemselvesthroughinteractingwiththeworld.Inaddition,byconfronting,adapting,andintegratingvariousworld-viewsdirectlyorindirectlydemonstratedinconsumptionobjects,peoplenotonlyrealizetheirpotentialasuniquehumanalsobecomewell-socializedmembersofasociety.PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION下列各題必須使用黑色字跡簽字筆在答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出紅色矩形邊框限定區(qū)域的答案無效。inahigh-andlow-powersitua一adoptinghigh-orlow-powerposesandcompletingite—hormonalchanges:makingbraiANSWERSHEET3(TEM8)下列各題必須使用黑色字跡簽字筆在答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出矩形邊框限定區(qū)域的答案無效。LearningaboutCognitiveGrammar(CG),anapproachtotheanalysisanddescriptionoflanguagestructure,isnoteasy.OnereasonisvastliteraturethatnowexistsinCGandincognitiveintheWesternlinguistictradition,thisposesspecialproblemsforscholars.AnotherfactoristhatCG,thoughisnotimplementedcomputationallyorpresentedasaformalmodel,nonethelessiconsiderabletechnicaldetail.Understandingitatdepth,orwithanydegreeofaccuracy,requiredprecisionofthoughtandanalysisaswellasthemasteringofmanytermsandnotations.ThefinalsourceofdifficultyisthatCGresultsfromnon-standardwaysofthinkinglanguageandlinguisticinvestigation.Inparticular,itdepartsawayfromtraditionbyviewingmeaningasthestartingpointforanalyzinggrammar,andconceptualizationasthebasisfordescribingThisbookishardlysufficientforathoroughknowledgeofCGbutmayatleastcontributetotheprocessoflearningaboutitintroducesthebasicnotions,itsmainpurposeistoillustratetheframework'sdescriptiveandexplanatorypotentialthroughextensivediscussionsoftheirapplicationtodiversefacetsoflanguagestructure. 2019年英語專業(yè)八級考試真題答案及解析2.makeoneselfbig/openup3.makeoneselfsmall/closeup4.theopposite/complementary5.occupyingspace8.assertive/confident/optimistic9.differentpeopleBodyLanguageandMindGoodmorning,everyone.Intoday'slecture,I'dliketofocusonhowourbodylanguagare.We'rereallyfascinatedwithbodylanguage,andparticularlyinterestedinotherpeople'sbodylanguage.Youknow,we'resometimesinterestedinanawkwardinteraction,orasmile,oracontemptuousglance,ormaybeaveryawkwardwink,orhandshake.SowhatkindofbodylanguageamItalkingabout?Iaminterestedinpowerdynamics—thatisthenonverbalexpressionsofpoweranddominance.大家早上好。在今天的課上，我主要來講講我們的肢體語言如何揭示出我們是什么樣的人。我們對肢體語言十分感興趣，尤其是其他人的肢體語言。你們知道的，我們有時會對一次尷尬的交流、微笑、輕蔑一瞥感興趣，也有可能對尷尬的眨眼或握手感興趣。那么,你們知道我說的是哪種肢體語言嗎?我對動力學(xué)感興趣這是權(quán)力和支配地位的非語言表達。Andwhatarenonverbalexpressionsofpoweranddominance?Well,thisiswhattheyare.Intheanimalkingdom,nonverbalexpressionsofpoweranddominanceareaboutexpanding.Soyoumakeyourselfbig,youstretchout,youtakeupspaceandyou'rebasicallyopthiswhenthey'refeelingpowerfulinthemoment.Andthisoneisespecialushowuniversalandoldtheseexpressionsofpowerare.Forexample,whenathletescrossthefinishlthey'vewon,itdoesn'tmatterifthey'veneverseenanyoWemakeourselvessmall.Wedon'twanttobumpintothepersonnexttous.Andthisiswhathappenyouputtogetherhighandlowpower.Sowhatwetendtodowhenitcomestopoweristhatwecomplementtheother'snonverbals.WhatImeanisifsomeoneisbeingreallypowerfulwithus,wetendtomakeourselvessmaller.Wedon'tmirro那么,權(quán)力和支配地位的非語言表達是什么呢?下面，我來闡述它們的含義。在動物王國，權(quán)力和支配地位的非語言表達是關(guān)于擴張的。你讓自己變大，你伸展四肢，你占據(jù)了空間，基本上你就打開了。而人類也在做同樣的事情。因此，當他們感覺強有力時，就會做這個動作。這個動作尤為有趣，因為它的確向我們展示出，這些關(guān)于力量的表達是多么普遍而古老。例如，當運動員跨過終點線，贏得比賽時，他們是否看過其他人做這個動作并不重要，而他們會做這個動作。他們舉起雙臂比成V的手勢，下巴微微抬起。但我們無力時會最什么呢?我們會做正好相反的動作。我們合上了。我們讓自己變小。我們不想碰到旁邊的人。這就是你力量強大和微弱時會發(fā)生的事情。那么,我們在強大時傾向于補充其他人的非語言行為。我的意思是，如果某人和我們在一起時十分強大而有力，我們傾向于讓自己變小。我們不模仿他們。我們做的動作恰恰相反。I'mwatchingthisbehaviorintheclassroom,andgstarts,liketheyreallywanttooccupyspace.Whentheysitdown,they'resortofspreadout.Theyraisetheirotherpeople,comein,youseeit.Youseeitontheirfacesandtheirbodies,andtheysitwiththeirchairsandtheymakethemselvestiny,andtheywillnotfullystretchtheirarmswhentheyraisetheirhands.Ialsonoticeanotherinterestingthingaboutthis.Itseemswomenaremuchmorelikelytodothiskindofthingthanmen.Imeanwomenaremo