高考英語復(fù)習(xí)-語法專項-一動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)市賽課公開課一等獎省名師獲獎?wù)n件

語法精講強化系列一、動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)1/89考點1普通時態(tài)1.普通現(xiàn)在時(1)表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性發(fā)生動作或存在狀態(tài),常與表示頻度時間狀語連用,如usually,often,always,sometimes,everyday等。*OnMondaymorningitusuallytakesmeanhourtodrivetowork.

2/89(2)表示客觀事實、真理、格言或者警句等。(3)表示按照時間表、計劃安排好或者要求行為,只限于go,come,leave,start,stop,arrive,begin,return,open,close等表示動作趨向性或移動意義詞。*Mydreamschoolstartsat8:30a.m.andendsat3:30p.m.3/89(4)在時間、條件等狀語從句中慣用普通現(xiàn)在時代替普通未來時。*Youwillsurelysucceedifyoutryyourbest.4/89【典例剖析】①(·全國卷Ⅱ)Someclassmatessuggestwegotoplacesofinterestnearby.Ithoughtthatitisagoodidea.(改錯)5/89解題關(guān)鍵:依據(jù)句中動詞suggest,is可知,應(yīng)指當(dāng)前想法,應(yīng)用普通現(xiàn)在時。答案判定:thought改為think6/89②(·全國卷Ⅱ)Thiscycle________(go)dayafterday.Thewallswarmupduringtheday.(填空)7/89解題關(guān)鍵:時間狀語為dayafterday,且依據(jù)第二句warm用了普通現(xiàn)在時可知此處表示當(dāng)前情況,所以用普通現(xiàn)在時。答案判定:goes8/892.普通過去時(1)表示過去某個時間發(fā)生動作或存在狀態(tài),慣用yesterday,lastyear,in1995,theotherday等作時間狀語。*Itwasaterriblepieceofworkyouturnedinyesterday.9/89(2)在時間、條件等狀語從句中慣用普通過去時代替過去未來時。*Hesaidhewouldnotgoifitrained.(3)表示“原認(rèn)為/原來認(rèn)為/原希望”等意義時,know,think,expect等動詞慣用普通過去時。*Ididn’texpecttomeetyouhere.我沒料到會在這里遇見你。10/89【辨析】普通過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時區(qū)分普經(jīng)過去時①強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在過去某一時間,不強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果;②與表示過去某一特定時間或與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)某一過去時間連用現(xiàn)在完成時①表示過去動作與現(xiàn)在相關(guān)系,主要強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成影響和結(jié)果;②可與today,thisweek,since等表示包含現(xiàn)在一段時間狀語連用,但不能和表示過去時間狀語連用11/89*They’vegonetoParissofar.他們當(dāng)前已經(jīng)去巴黎了(說明他們現(xiàn)在不在這里)。*TheywenttoParislastyear.他們?nèi)ツ耆ミ^巴黎(只說明去過,不表明是否現(xiàn)在仍在那里)。12/89【典例剖析】用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空①(·全國卷Ⅲ)Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand______(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.13/89解題關(guān)鍵:依據(jù)主句謂語動詞believed可知,此處講是孔子過去想法,應(yīng)該用普通過去時。答案判定:were14/89②(·全國卷Ⅰ)ItwasraininglightlywhenI________(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.15/89解題關(guān)鍵:句意:就在天亮之前我到了陽朔,天下著小雨。不過我關(guān)心不是這件事。依據(jù)主句wasraining以及第二句話didn’t可知,記敘是過去發(fā)生事情,應(yīng)該使用普通過去時。答案判定:arrived16/893.普通未來時(1)普通未來時表示未來某一時刻動作或狀態(tài),即單純未來事實。*HewillgraduatefromBeijingUniversitynextyear.17/89(2)三類表示普通未來時特殊結(jié)構(gòu):①begoingtodosth.表示計劃、打算要做某事或者有預(yù)兆要發(fā)生某事。*Really?You’regoingtowalkthedog?②betodosth.表示按計劃或安排即將要做某事,或者按照職責(zé)、義務(wù)、要求等要做某事。*Wearetoobeytheseruleswhenwegointothelibrary.18/89③beabouttodosth.表示即將要發(fā)生某事。該結(jié)構(gòu)通常不與詳細(xì)時間狀語連用。*Thetrainisabouttoleave.19/89【典例剖析】用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空(·全國卷Ⅱ)Ifyouareabletocomewithus,pleaseletusknowandwe________(wait)foryouattheschoolgateat9inthemorning.20/89解題關(guān)鍵:依據(jù)if從句用是普通現(xiàn)在時表示未來,可知主句用will+動詞原形表示普通未來時。答案判定:willwait21/89【高考題組】單句語法填空/改錯1.(·四川高考)Then,aftertwoandahalfyears,themother_____(drive)theyoungpandaaway.2.(·全國卷Ⅰ)Yangshuo__(be)reallybeautiful.3.(·廣東高考)Whilemakinggreateffortstorunaway,she___(fall)overthehillanddied.

droveisfell22/894.(·全國卷Ⅱ)We’llalsospendsomefuntimetogethersinging,dancingandplayinggames,whichwehope_________(make)themhappy.5.(·四川高考)BothDadandIplannedtodosomethingonMother’sDay.Wegetupearlyinthemorning.(改錯)__________willmakeget改為got23/896.(·全國卷Ⅰ)WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.(改錯)________________7.(·全國卷Ⅱ)Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.(改錯)_______________think改為thoughtbegun改為began24/898.(·四川高考)AsItellyoulasttime,Imadethreenewfriendshere.(改錯)___________tell改為told25/89考點2進行時態(tài)1.現(xiàn)在進行時(1)表示說話時正在進行動作、存在狀態(tài)或者表示現(xiàn)階段(atpresent,thisweek等)正在進行動作、存在狀態(tài)(說話時動作不一定進行或存在)。*ExpertsarewonderingnowiftheInternetischangingwhatwerememberandhow.

26/89(2)一些特定表示動作趨向性短暫性動詞come,go,leave,get,start,open,arrive,begin,return等慣用現(xiàn)在進行時表未來。*Someofthesearegettingscarcebecausepeoplekillthemforvariousreasons.27/89(3)現(xiàn)在(或者過去)進行時態(tài)與always,constantly,often,forever,continually等副詞連用表示說話者“贊嘆、厭煩、不滿”等感情色彩。*Thegirlisalwaystalkingaloudinpublicplaces.28/89【辨析】普通現(xiàn)在時主要用于習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性動作,常伴隨使用頻度副詞usually,often,seldom等現(xiàn)在進行時主要用于表示當(dāng)前或現(xiàn)階段正在進行動作或狀態(tài),常跟時間狀語now,atpresent等連用29/89*Heusuallywritesalotofletters,butheisn’twritingatpresent.30/89【典例剖析】用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空(·北京高考)I______(write)totellyoumyexcitingplanforthesummerholiday.31/89解題關(guān)鍵:此句是書信開頭語,強調(diào)現(xiàn)在正在寫信,故用現(xiàn)在進行時。答案判定:amwriting32/892.過去進行時(1)過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進行動作或者存在狀態(tài)。*Nowtwenty-twoyearsold,hewasstudyingwetlandsecology.Heagainappearedbeforethetownplanningboard.33/89(2)表示過去一個動作發(fā)生時另外一個動作正在進行。*ShewaswatchingTVwhenaburglarbrokeintoherhouse.(3)過去進行時能夠表示按計劃、安排在過去將要發(fā)生事。用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置移動動詞時,也能夠用過去進行時表示過去按照計劃、安排將要發(fā)生動作。*YesterdayhesaidhewasleavingforCanada.34/89【辨析】普經(jīng)過去時表示一個完成動作;亦可表示過去某個時刻發(fā)生單純動作(側(cè)重說明事實)過去進行時表示過去某一階段正在進行動作;亦可表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間發(fā)生動作(強調(diào)在這一過程中所進行動作或展開情景)或者不停重復(fù)進行動作35/89*Iwasreadinganovellastnight.(可能沒看完)。*Ireadanovellastnight.(已經(jīng)看完)。36/89【典例剖析】用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空(·北京高考)Jack______(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.37/89解題關(guān)鍵:依據(jù)句意“Jack正在試驗室工作時候突然停電了?！币约瓣P(guān)鍵詞occurred可知,此句型是was/weredoing...when...結(jié)構(gòu)。答案判定:wasworking38/893.未來進行時表示未來某個時間正在進行動作,或按預(yù)測未來會發(fā)生事情。慣用時間狀語有:soon,tomorrow,thisevening,bythistime,intwodays,tomorrowevening等。*ThistimenextweekI’llbelyingonthebeach,enjoyingthesunshine.39/89【辨析】普通未來時表示對“現(xiàn)在時刻”來說,將要發(fā)生動作或?qū)⒁嬖跔顟B(tài)未來進行時表示未來某一時刻或某段時間正在進行動作40/89*Sheissixteen,andwillbeseventeennextyear.*WhatwillyoubedoingatthistimenextMonday?41/89【典例剖析】用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空(·江蘇高考)—CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?—Sure.I______(write)areportathome.42/89解題關(guān)鍵:由題干中關(guān)鍵信息詞tomorrowmorning可知,雙方在談?wù)撁魈煸绯渴虑?所以答語應(yīng)用未來進行時,表示“明天早晨我將在家寫匯報”。答案判定:willbewriting43/89【高考題組】用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空1.(·全國卷Ⅰ)Andthetown___________(become)apopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsianow.2.(·全國卷Ⅰ)NowI________(live)inacity,butImissmyhomeinthecountryside.

isbecomingamliving44/893.(·遼寧高考)Whilesomefollowthemedicalguidanceforwearingcontactlenses,many___________(break)therulesandputtingtheireyesightatrisk.arebreaking45/894.(·北京高考)Intheearlyafternoon,whenhe____________(plan)togohome,afiercesnowstormsweptintothearea.5.(·全國卷Ⅱ)He_________(ride)besidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver.wasplanningwasriding46/89考點3完成時態(tài)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(1)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果,慣用時間狀語:already,sofar,never,just,before,recently等。*Nowadaysthecostofanewcarhasfalleninrealtermssothatitischeaperthanevertoownone.

47/89(2)表示過去發(fā)生而連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在動作或狀態(tài)。常與since,for以及sofar,now,today,thisweek(month,year),foralongtime,inthepast/lastfewyears,thesedays等連用。*Sofarnofurthernewshasbeenobtained.48/89(3)現(xiàn)在完成時還能夠用在時間和條件狀語從句中,表示未來某時完成動作。*Pleasereturnthebooktomewhenyouhavefinishedit.49/89【點津】(1)注意切記以下固定句型:①Itis/hasbeen+時間段+since...表示“自從……以來已經(jīng)……”。*Itis/hasbeentenyearssinceIgraduatedfromuniversity.

50/89②This/It/Thatisthefirst/second/third...timethat...表示“這/那是(某人)第幾次做某事”,that從句中要用現(xiàn)在完成時。*ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.51/89(2)注意防止思維定勢:一看到for+時間段,就用動詞現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。一定要看語境強調(diào)是“該動作曾經(jīng)做過多長時間”(普通過去時),還是“該動作已經(jīng)做完多長時間”(現(xiàn)在完成時)。①YangZhenninglivedinAmericaformanyyearsandnowhelivesinChina.楊振寧在美國定居多年,現(xiàn)在他生活在中國。52/89②DashanhaslivedinChinaformanyyears.大山在中國住了許多年。53/89【典例剖析】用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空(·北京高考)I______(read)halfoftheEnglishnovel,andI’lltrytofinishitattheweekend.54/89解題關(guān)鍵:依據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞finishit可知,已讀完二分之一,read動詞是已經(jīng)完成動作,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。答案判定:haveread55/892.過去完成時(1)表示在過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成動作,強調(diào)“過去過去”之意。常與by,before等介詞短語或狀語從句連用或用于有上下文暗示句子中。*Bytheendoflastyear,wehadaccomplishedtheprojectcompletely.

56/89(2)表示意向動詞,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用過去完成時表示“原本……(實際上未能……)”。*Wehadexpectedthatyouwouldbeabletowinthematch.57/89【點津】注意固定句型:①This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second/third...timethat...表示“這/那是(某人)第幾次做某事”,that從句中要用過去完成時。*ThiswasthefirsttimethatIhadbeenhere.

58/89②hardly...when...和nosooner...than...兩個句型中,主句均用過去完成時。*Hardlyhadthematchstartedwhenwearrived.59/89【典例剖析】用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空(·浙江高考)Silk__________(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.60/89解題關(guān)鍵:依據(jù)句中時間狀語byabout100BC可知“become”動作發(fā)生在“過去過去”,故用過去完成時。答案判定:hadbecome61/89【高考題組】用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空1.(·全國卷Ⅱ)Whenanewdaybreaks,thewalls__________(give)uptheirheatandarenowcoldenough.2.(·天津高考)Thenextday,wegotadisappointingmessagethatanotherbuyer__________(offer)amuchhigherprice.

havegivenhadoffered62/893.(·重慶高考)Herfamily____________(return)fromabroad,andthengotamessagefromthevet.4.(·山東高考)Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime-consumingthanwe____________(expect).hadreturnedhadexpected63/89考點4現(xiàn)在完成進行時和過去未來時1.現(xiàn)在完成進行時(1)慣用來表示開始于過去某個時間、一直連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且會繼續(xù)進行下去動作。*(·全國卷Ⅰ)Fordaysthekidshavebeenlookingforotherswecanhelp.

64/89(2)表示到當(dāng)前為止一段時間里一直在重復(fù)進行動作。*Ihavebeencallinghimmanytimesthismorning,butthere’snoanswer.65/89【辨析】現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去開始一個動作到當(dāng)前為止已經(jīng)完成,表示動作結(jié)果現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示過去開始一個動作到當(dāng)前為止仍在進行,甚至仍將繼續(xù)66/89①I’vewatchedtheTVseriesNirvanainFire.(已經(jīng)完成)②IhavebeenwatchingtheTVseriesNirvanainFirethesedays.(仍在進行甚至仍將繼續(xù))67/89【典例剖析】用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空(·江蘇高考)Dashan,who________(learn)crosstalk,theChinesecomedictradition,fordecades,wantstomixitupwiththeWesternstand-uptradition.68/89解題關(guān)鍵:依據(jù)句意:“大山數(shù)十年來一直在學(xué)習(xí)中國喜劇傳統(tǒng)節(jié)目:相聲,想把它和西方單口相聲融會貫通?！笨芍?大山學(xué)習(xí)相聲是從過去連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,而且還可能繼續(xù)下去,故使用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。答案判定:hasbeenlearning69/892.過去未來時過去未來時表示在過去某個時間看將要發(fā)生動作或存在狀態(tài)。即過去未來時是“立足過去,著眼未來”一個時態(tài),慣用于賓語從句中。*Theshopswouldsoonclose,andallthepeoplewouldgohome.70/89【典例剖析】用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空(·全國卷Ⅰ)Inthestore,Iaskedeachofmykidstopicksomethingtheythoughtourfriendthere__________(appreciate).71/89解題關(guān)鍵:由語境可知強調(diào)“他們認(rèn)為我們那里朋友可能會喜愛一些東西”,同時由關(guān)鍵詞asked和thought可知是站在過去時間點上展望未來。故用過去未來時。答案判定:wouldappreciate72/89【高考題組】用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空/改錯1.(·北京高考)—Excuseme,whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?—ThenewStarWars.We________________(wait)hereformorethantwohours.havebeenwaiting73/892.(·福建高考)Asaresult,Isabelle________________(receive)bloodtransfusions(輸血)every4—6weekssinceshewas11monthsold.

3.(·天津高考)She___________________(volunteer)hertimeandtalentstosuchenterprisesformorethan40years.hasbeenreceivinghasbeenvolunteering74/894.(·福建高考)We________________(drive)infogallmorning,butthefogisliftingnow.5.(·天津高考)Justtoseewhatshe________(do),Igentlyplacedoneontopofthegroundhog’shead.havebeendrivingwoulddo75/896.(·浙江高考)Thenheandmymotherwouldhavehadadrinkwhilesheprepareddinnerandtheywouldtalkabouthisdayandhers.(改錯)________去掉had76/897.(·全國卷Ⅱ)Tonypromisedherthatthiswillneverhappenagain.(改錯)_____________8.(·全國卷Ⅰ)Sincethen—foralltheseyears—wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.(改錯)____________will改為wouldhad改為have77/89考點5被動語態(tài)1.不能用被動語態(tài)特殊動詞(1)系動詞類(look,seem,feel,taste,sound,prove,appear等)。(2)表示主語特征詞(read,wash,write,sell,wear,lock等),常與not,hardly,well,easily,badly,nicely等副詞連用。*Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.這種布料輕易洗。78/892.get組成表示被動短語getpaid/lost/hurt等。*Wegetpaideveryweek.我們按周取得薪酬。79/893.主動形式表示被動意義(1)在need,want,require,deserve,bear等動詞、worth等形容詞后面,動名詞主動形式表示被動意義,其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式被動形式。*Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.這房子需要修理。