大學英語英國歷史文化第二單元TheNormans省公開課一等獎全國示范課微課金獎課件

Unit2諾曼人統(tǒng)治時期（1066-1381）1/161.FeudalismaftertheNormanConquest2.theoriginofWhitsun3.theCommonLaw4.theDomesdayBookKeyPointsofUnit2--AnOutlineHistoryofEngland--22/16AftertheNormanConquest3/16①UnderWilliam,thefeudalsysteminEnglandwascompletelyestablished.

②Accordingtothissystem,theKingownedallthelandpersonally.4--AnOutlineHistoryofEngland--I.FeudalismaftertheNormanConquest4/16③WilliamgavehisbaronslargeestatesinEnglandinreturnforapromiseofmilitaryserviceandaproportionoftheland'sproduce.④Theseestateswerescatteredfarandwideoverthecountry,sothatthosewhoheldthemcouldnoteasilycombinetorebeltheking.5--AnOutlineHistoryofEngland--5/16⑤ThelandsthatWilliamgavetohislordswerecalledfiefs(封地).Therecipientsofthelandswerecalledvassals（封臣）.⑥OnepeculiarfeatureofthefeudalsystemofEnglandwasthatalllandownersmusttaketheoathofallegiance，notonlytotheirimmediatelord,butalsototheking.6--AnOutlineHistoryofEngland--6/16WhitsundayisalsoknownasPentecostandisamajorfestivalintheChristianchurch.ItiscelebratedontheSundaywhichfallsonthe50thdayaftertheEasterfestival.ThenamePentecostcomesfromaGreekwordwhichmeans'fiftieth'.II.Whitsun（Whitsunday）7--AnOutlineHistoryofEngland--7/16PentecostcelebratesthecomingoftheHolySpiritintheformofflamestothefollowersofJesus,asrecordedintheNewTestament.JesushadtoldthemtowaituntiltheSpiritcametothem.50daysaftertheresurrection,theSpiritcame.8--AnOutlineHistoryofEngland--8/16PentecostisrecognizedasthebirthoftheChurch.WhitSundayisafavoritedayforbaptism.Itisthoughtthatbecausepeopleareoftenbaptizeddressedinwhite,WhitSundaywasprobablyoriginallyknownas'WhiteSunday'.9--AnOutlineHistoryofEngland--9/16TwentyyearsaftertheConquest(1086),WilliamsentofficialstoeverytownthroughoutEngland,withpowertocalltogethertheleadersoftowns,examinethem,andtomakeacompletesurveyoftheeconomiclifethecountry.Howmuchland？Whoholdsit?

Howmuchisitworth?Howmanyploughs?Howmanyoxen,sheep,swine?III.TheDomesdayBook10--AnOutlineHistoryofEngland--《末日審判書》10/1611--AnOutlineHistoryofEngland--11/16TofurtherextendhisgriponEngland,WilliamIorderedthatabookbemadecontaininginformationonwhoownedwhatthroughoutthecountry.Thisbookwouldtellhimwhoowedhimwhatintaxandbecausetheinformationwasonrecord,nobodycoulddisputeorargueagainstataxdemand.ThisiswhythebookbroughtdoomandgloomtothepeopleofEngland—hence"DomesdayBook".12--AnOutlineHistoryofEngland--12/16Thenickname‘Domesday’mayrefertotheBiblicalDayofJudgement(圣經宣判日),whenChristwillreturntojudgethelivingandthedead.Thedecisionofwhatsomeoneowedwasfinal—ratherlikeJudgementDaywhenyoursoulwasjudgedforHeavenorHell.--AnOutlineHistoryofEngland--1313/16Toprovidethenecessaryinformationforcollectingtax;TogivetheKingadetailedknowledgeofthedistributionofthewealth,landsandrevenuesofvassals.Thesignificanceforus:ItpresentsacomprehensiveofthesocialstructureofEnglandatthetimewhenitwasmade.14--AnOutlineHistoryofEngland--Twoobjectives14/161.Incommonlaw

legalsystem,thelawiscreatedorrefinedbyjudges:adecisioninthepresentcasedependsondecisionsinformercasesandthisdecisionaffectsthelawtobeappliedinfuturecases.2.Whenthereisnoauthoritativestatementofthelaw,commonlawjudgeshavetheauthorityanddutyto“make”lawbycreatingprecedent(先例).Thebodyofprecedentiscalled"commonlaw"anditaffectsfuturedecisions.3.

Ifasimilardisputehasbeenresolvedinthepast,thecourtisboundtofollowthereasoningusedinthepriordecision.IV.TheCommonLaw--AnOutlineHistoryofEngland--1515/16英美法系亦稱普通法系或海洋法系，「普通法」是來自英文「CommonLaw」，即「普遍通用」之意，與大陸法系并稱為當今世界最主要兩大法系。范圍包含英國（