【英語】浙江省名校協(xié)作體2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期開學(xué)適應(yīng)性考試試題(解析版)

浙江省名校協(xié)作體2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期開學(xué)適應(yīng)性考試英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)略第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C、D)四個選項中選出最佳選項。ABetween1901and2023,theNobelPrizesandtheNobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicScienceswereawarded621timesto1,000peopleandorganizations.WithsomereceivingtheNobelPrizemorethanonce,thismakesatotalof965individualsand27organizations.Below,youcanviewthefulllistof2023NobelPrizesandNobelPrizewinners.TheNobelPrizeinPhysics2023PierreAgostini,FerencKrauszandAnneL’Huillier“forexperimentalmethodsthatgenerateattosecondpulses(脈沖)oflightforthestudyofelectrondynamicsinmatter”TheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine2023KatalinKarikoandDrewWeissman“fortheirdiscoveriesconcerningDNAthatenabledthedevelopmentofeffectivevaccines(疫苗)againstCOVID-19”TheNobelPrizeinChemistry2023MoungiG.Bawendi,LouisE.BrusandAlexeiI.Ekimov“forthediscoveryandcombinationofquantumdots(量子點)”TheNobelPrizeinLiterature2023JonFosse“forhisinnovativeworkswhichgivevoicetotheunsayable”TheNobelPeacePrize2023NargesMohammadi“forherfightagainsttheunfairandcrueltreatmentofwomeninIranandherfighttopromotehumanrightsandfreedomforall”TheNobleMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciences2023ClaudiaGoldin“forhavingadvancedourunderstandingofwomen’slabourmarketoutcomes”Forfurtherinformation,youcanclickhere.1.Whoseachievementdirectlycontributestopeople’sheath?A.PierreAgostini. B.KatalinKarikó. C.AlexeiI.Ekimov. D.JonFosse.2.Whatdothelasttwowinnershaveincommon?A.Theymakebreakthroughsinscientificfield.B.Theyshowconcernforwomen’scondition.C.TheyconducttheirresearchinAsiancountries.D.Theyfightforthefreedomofworkingwomen.3.Whereisthearticleprobablytakenfrom?A.Asciencewebsite. B.Aliterarymagazine.C.Aresearchpaper. D.Asciencetextbook.【語篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了2023年諾貝爾獎和諾貝爾獎獲得者的完整名單?！敬鸢浮?.B2.B3.A【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine2023部分中“KatalinKarikoandDrewWeissman“fortheirdiscoveriesconcerningDNAthatenabledthedevelopmentofeffectivevaccines(疫苗)againstCOVID-19”(KatalinKariko和DrewWeissman“發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)DNA的東西，使開發(fā)針對COVID-19的有效疫苗成為可能”)”可知，KatalinKarikó的成就直接有助于人類的健康，故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheNobelPeacePrize2023中的“NargesMohammadi“forherfightagainsttheunfairandcrueltreatmentofwomeninIranandherfighttopromotehumanrightsandfreedomforall”(納爾吉斯·穆罕默迪“為反對伊朗婦女受到不公平和殘酷待遇而進行的斗爭以及為促進所有人的人權(quán)和自由而進行的斗爭”)”和TheNobleMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciences2023中的“ClaudiaGoldin“forhavingadvancedourunderstandingofwomen’slabourmarketoutcomes”(克勞迪婭·戈爾丁“增進了我們對女性勞動力市場結(jié)果的理解”)”可知，最后兩位獲勝者的共同點是都關(guān)心女性的狀況。故選B。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“Below,youcanviewthefulllistof2023NobelPrizesandNobelPrizewinners.(下面，您可以查看2023年諾貝爾獎和諾貝爾獎獲得者的完整名單。)”和最后一段“Forfurtherinformation,youcanclickhere.(欲了解更多信息，您可以點擊此處。)”可推知，文章可能選自一個科學(xué)網(wǎng)站，故選A。BArisingstarfromVirginiahassecuredthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”forhisgroundbreakingcreation—abarofsoapdesignedtobattleagainstskincancer.Atjust14yearsold,HemanBekeleemergedasthevictorofthe2023YoungScientistChallenge,standingoutamongthetenfinalistswithhisinnovativecreationknownastheSkinCancerTreatingSoap(SCTS).Bekele’sbrilliantconceptcentersonthedevelopmentofasoapthatisnotonlyaffordable,butalsohasthepotentialtoreactivatethebody’snaturaldefendersoftheskintostopskincancer.InBekele’sownwords,“Curingcancer,onebarofsoapatatime.”Healwayshasendlesspassionforbiologyandtechnology,andtheYoungScientistChallengejustprovidedhimwiththeperfectplatformtodisplayhisideas.Reflectingonhisinspiration,Bekelesharedthathischildhoodplayedasignificantroleinshapinghisinnovativethinking.Havingwitnessedpeopleworktirelesslyunderthesun,hecouldn’thelpbutwonderhowmanywereawareoftherisksassociatedwithconstantsunexposure.“Iwantedtomakemyideanotonlyscientificallyexceptionalbutalsoaccessibletoabroadaudience,”Bekeleexpressedduringaninterviewwiththemedia.HereceivedinvaluableguidancefromDeborahIsabelle,aproductengineeringspecialist,whoconnectedhimwithotherscientiststoaidhiminreachinghisambitiousplans.Duringhispresentation,Bekelepassionatelyexpressedhisvisionofturningthesoapinto“asymbolofhope,accessibility,andaworldwhereskincancertreatmentiswithinreachforall.”O(jiān)verthecomingfiveyears,Bekelelongstoperfecthisinventionandestablishanonprofitorganizationdevotedtodistributinghisinnovativecreationtomoreplacesincludingundevelopedcommunities,offeringhopeandapracticalsolutioninthefightagainstskincancer.4.WhatmadeBekeleaninstanthit?A.Startingasoapfashion. B.Overcomingskincancer.C.Beingtheyoungestscientist. D.Creatingasoapagainstskincancer.5.WhatinspiredBekeletoinventSCTS?A.Hisconcernforothers. B.Hisadventureinchildhood.C.Hisenthusiasmfortechnology. D.Hisinterestinmedicalknowledge.6.WhatwillBekeledointhenearfuture?A.Obtainofficialapproval. B.Visitundevelopedareas.C.Increasetheavailabilityofthesoap. D.Updatethefacilitiesofproduction.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeBekele?A.Inspiringandmodest. B.Humorousandpositive.C.Creativeandconsiderate. D.Curiousandindependent.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了一位14歲來自弗吉尼亞州的年輕科學(xué)家HemanBekele，他通過創(chuàng)造一種抗擊皮膚癌的肥皂獲得了“美國頂尖年輕科學(xué)家”的稱號?！敬鸢浮?.D5.A6.C7.C【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“ArisingstarfromVirginiahassecuredthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”forhisgroundbreakingcreation—abarofsoapdesignedtobattleagainstskincancer.

(美國維吉尼亞州一顆冉冉升起的新星獲得了“美國頂尖青年科學(xué)家”的稱號，因為他的開創(chuàng)性發(fā)明——一種可以對抗皮膚癌的肥皂)”可知，HemanBekele發(fā)明了一種對抗皮膚癌的肥皂，一炮而紅。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“

Reflectingonhisinspiration,Bekelesharedthathischildhoodplayedasignificantroleinshapinghisinnovativethinking.Havingwitnessedpeopleworktirelesslyunderthesun,hecouldn’thelpbutwonderhowmanywereawareoftherisksassociatedwithconstantsunexposure.(在反思他的靈感時，Bekele分享了他的童年在塑造他的創(chuàng)新思維方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。目睹人們在陽光下不知疲倦地工作，他不禁想知道有多少人意識到持續(xù)暴露在陽光下的風(fēng)險)”可知，Bekele對別人的關(guān)心激發(fā)了他發(fā)明SCTS。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Duringhispresentation,Bekelepassionatelyexpressedhisvisionofturningthesoapinto“asymbolofhope,accessibility,andaworldwhereskincancertreatmentiswithinreachforall.”(在他的演講中，Bekele熱情地表達了他的愿景，即把這種肥皂變成“希望、可及性的象征，以及一個人人都能接受皮膚癌治療的世界?！?”以及最后一段“Overthecomingfiveyears,Bekelelongstoperfecthisinventionandestablishanonprofitorganizationdevotedtodistributinghisinnovativecreationtomoreplacesincludingundevelopedcommunities,offeringhopeandapracticalsolutioninthefightagainstskincancer.(在接下來的五年里，Bekele渴望完善他的發(fā)明，并建立一個非營利組織，致力于將他的創(chuàng)新發(fā)明分發(fā)到更多的地方，包括不發(fā)達的社區(qū)，為抗擊皮膚癌提供希望和實用的解決方案)”可知，Bekele希望建立一個非營利組織，將他的創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品分發(fā)到更多地方，包括欠發(fā)達社區(qū)，為對抗皮膚癌提供希望和實際解決方案，即增加肥皂的可獲得性。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“ArisingstarfromVirginiahassecuredthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”forhisgroundbreakingcreation—abarofsoapdesignedtobattleagainstskincancer.

(美國維吉尼亞州一顆冉冉升起的新星獲得了“美國頂尖青年科學(xué)家”的稱號，因為他的開創(chuàng)性發(fā)明——一種可以對抗皮膚癌的肥皂)”以及最后一段“Overthecomingfiveyears,Bekelelongstoperfecthisinventionandestablishanonprofitorganizationdevotedtodistributinghisinnovativecreationtomoreplacesincludingundevelopedcommunities,offeringhopeandapracticalsolutioninthefightagainstskincancer.(在接下來的五年里，Bekele渴望完善他的發(fā)明，并建立一個非營利組織，致力于將他的創(chuàng)新發(fā)明分發(fā)到更多的地方，包括不發(fā)達的社區(qū)，為抗擊皮膚癌提供希望和實用的解決方案)”可知，文章介紹了一位14歲來自弗吉尼亞州的年輕科學(xué)家HemanBekele，他通過創(chuàng)造一種抗擊皮膚癌的肥皂獲得了“美國頂尖年輕科學(xué)家”的稱號。未來五年里，Bekele希望完善他的發(fā)明，并建立一個非營利組織，將這種創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品分發(fā)到更多地方，包括欠發(fā)達社區(qū)，為對抗皮膚癌提供希望和實際解決方案。由此推知，他一個有創(chuàng)造力和體貼的人。故選C。CWheneverIorderfoodfordelivery,Iplayalittlegametoguesshowmanysetsoftableware(餐具)therestaurantwillprovidewithmymeal.Sometimesrestaurantswillthrowintwo,threeorfoursetsforjustoneorder.ButIrarelyneedanytablewareatall,andthewastegoesintothetrashorcollectsdustinakitchendrawer.ResearchersworkingwithChinesetechnologygroupAlibabatriedasimpleapproachtothisproblem.Insteadofjustwastefullydolingouttableware,thecompanyrequiredfood-deliverycustomersinsomecitiesinChinatopickhowmanysetsoftablewaretheywantedtoreceive.Thedefault(默認(rèn)設(shè)置)wassetatzero.Theresult,publishedtodayinthejournalScience,wasa638%increaseintheshareofno-tablewareorders.IfappliedacrossChina,researchersfound,theapproachwouldsavenearly22billionsetsofplastictableware.Thestudydoesn’tcovercarbonemissions,butit’ssafetosaythattheimpactwouldbesignificant.Itstruckmeasausefulreminderofthemanylow-hangingfruitsacrosstheeconomythatcancutwaste,andemissions.NudgingitscustomerscostAlibabanothingmorethanafewhoursofsoftwareengineeringtimeandtheimpactitbroughtwasimmense.Theconceptofnudgingcomesfromthefieldofbehavioraleconomicsknownasnudgetheory.Itsuggeststhataslightactioncanencouragegoodhumanbehaviorwithouttheneedforpoliciesthatlimitchoiceoreconomicpunishmentthatraisesthecostofbadbehavior.Tonudgecustomerstoeatbetter,forexample,arestaurantmightorganizeitsmenubylistinghealthyoptionsfirstandburyunhealthyonesatthebottom.Morerecently,somebigcompanieslikeGooglehavealsobeguntousenudgestoadvanceclimateobjectives.Behavioraleconomicsbroadly,andnudgesmorespecifically,aren’twithoutcontroversy.Somemightthinkitassignsconsumersresponsibilityforaddressingenvironmentalchallenges.Butthereisanotherwaytolookatit.Intheabsenceofnecessarypolicy—andpolicyisneeded—companiescanhelpencourageawidespreadshiftofconsumerbehavior.Andallofthatbehavioralchangecanaddup.TheInternationalEnergyAgencyfoundin2021thatsmallbehavioralchangesinenergyconsumptionsuchaswalkinginsteadofdrivingandadjustingthethermostatcouldintotalshaveoff4%ofglobalemissions.Themorethatcompaniescandotofacilitatesuchchanges,thebetter.8.WhatdidAlibabadowithtablewarewaste?A.Itstoppedrestaurantsfromhandingouttableware.B.Itwithdrewunusedtablewarefromcustomers.C.Itupdatedthefood-deliverydeviceregularly.D.Itallowedpickingtablewareatcustomers’demand.9.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“l(fā)ow-hangingfruits”meaninparagraph2?A.Easilyaccessiblethings. B.Fastincreasingorders.C.Exceptionallytoughchoices. D.Widelyacceptedstrategies.10.Whatcanwelearnaboutnudgetheoryfromparagraph3?A.Itbringsabouteconomicloss.B.Itresultsfromconsumptionpolicies.C.Itindicatessmallactionchangesbehaviour.D.Itimpliesbadbehaviourimpactseconomy.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Nudgetheoryaffectsbehaviors.B.Goodbehaviorsboosteconomy.C.Nudginghelpsbuildagreenerworld.D.Behavioraleconomicsbenefitscustomers.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要通過阿里巴巴踐行環(huán)保的例子介紹了助推理論在環(huán)保方面的影響，即有助于建立一個更環(huán)保，更綠色的世界?！敬鸢浮?.D9.A10.C11.C【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句“ResearchersworkingwithChinesetechnologygroupAlibabatriedasimpleapproachtothisproblem.Insteadofjustwastefullydolingouttableware,thecompanyrequiredfood-deliverycustomersinsomecitiesinChinatopickhowmanysetsoftablewaretheywantedtoreceive.”（與中國科技集團阿里巴巴合作的研究人員嘗試了一個簡單的方法來解決這個問題。該公司沒有浪費餐具，而是要求中國一些城市的外賣客戶選擇他們想要多少套餐具。）可知，阿里巴巴允許顧客根據(jù)自己的需求選擇餐具數(shù)量。故選D項?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Insteadofjustwastefullydolingouttableware,thecompanyrequiredfood-deliverycustomersinsomecitiesinChinatopickhowmanysetsoftablewaretheywantedtoreceive.”（該公司沒有浪費餐具，而是要求中國一些城市的外賣客戶選擇他們想要多少套餐具。）及第五六句“IfappliedacrossChina,researchersfound,theapproachwouldsavenearly22billionsetsofplastictableware.Thestudydoesn’tcovercarbonemissions,butit’ssafetosaythattheimpactwouldbesignificant.”（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果在全中國推廣，這種方法將節(jié)省近220億套塑料餐具。這項研究沒有涵蓋碳排放，但可以肯定的是，影響將是巨大的。）可知，阿里巴巴一個小小舉動就能在減少浪費，保護環(huán)境方面產(chǎn)生重大的影響，故推知“l(fā)ow-hangingfruits”意為“易于達成的事情”，該短語字面意思是“低垂的水果、容易夠著的水果”，暗示“容易完成或?qū)崿F(xiàn)”。故選A項。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Itsuggeststhataslightactioncanencouragegoodhumanbehaviorwithouttheneedforpoliciesthatlimitchoiceoreconomicpunishmentthatraisesthecostofbadbehavior.”（它表明，一個輕微的行動可以鼓勵良好的人類行為，而不需要限制選擇的政策或提高不良行為成本的經(jīng)濟懲罰。）可知，助推理論表明一個小小的舉動就可以影響人類的行為。故選C項?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段前三句“NudgingitscustomerscostAlibabanothingmorethanafewhoursofsoftwareengineeringtimeandtheimpactitbroughtwasimmense.Theconceptofnudgingcomesfromthefieldofbehavioraleconomicsknownasnudgetheory.Itsuggeststhataslightactioncanencouragegoodhumanbehaviorwithouttheneedforpoliciesthatlimitchoiceoreconomicpunishmentthatraisesthecostofbadbehavior.”（阿里巴巴只花了幾個小時的軟件工程時間來推動客戶，而它帶來的影響是巨大的。助推的概念來自行為經(jīng)濟學(xué)領(lǐng)域的助推理論。它表明，一個輕微的行動可以鼓勵良好的人類行為，而不需要限制選擇的政策或提高不良行為成本的經(jīng)濟懲罰。）及最后一段第二句“TheInternationalEnergyAgencyfoundin2021thatsmallbehavioralchangesinenergyconsumptionsuchaswalkinginsteadofdrivingandadjustingthethermostatcouldintotalshaveoff4%ofglobalemissions.”（國際能源署在2021年發(fā)現(xiàn)，在能源消耗方面的微小行為改變，如以步行代替開車和調(diào)整恒溫器，總共可以減少全球排放量的4%。）并結(jié)合文章阿里巴巴的例子可知，本文主要介紹了助推理論在環(huán)保方面的影響，即有助于建立一個更環(huán)保，更綠色的世界。故選C項。DRamirezCasta?eda,aColombianbiologist,spendshertimeintheAmazonstudyinghowsnakeseatpoisonousfrogswithoutgettingill.Althoughherfindingscomeinmanyshapesandsizes,sheandhercolleagueshavestruggledtogettheirbiologicaldiscoveriesouttothewiderscientificcommunity.WithSpanishashermothertongue,herresearchhadtobetranslatedintoEnglishtobepublished.Thatwasn’talwayspossiblebecauseofbudgetortime-anditmeansthatsomeofherfindingswereneverpublished.“It’snotthatI’mabadscientist,”shesays.“It’sjustbecauseofthelanguage.”Casta?edaisnotalone.Thereisplentyofresearchinnon-English-languagepapersthatgetslostintranslation,orisnevertranslated.Aresearchlookedthroughmorethan400,000peer-reviewedpapersin16differentlanguagesandfound1,234studiesprovidingevidenceonbiodiversityconservationwhich,becausetheyweren’tinEnglish,mayhavebeenoverlooked.TheseincludedJapanese-languagefindingsontheeffectivenessofrelocatingtheendangeredBlakiston’sfishowl,thelargestowlspecies.Someexpertsarguethatforthesakeofthebiggerpicture,scientificknowledgeshouldconverge(轉(zhuǎn)換)intoonecommonlanguage.Scienceisveryglobalisedandbecomingmoreso,sotheuseofagloballanguageisenormousforthat.Ofcourse,scientistscanworkwithanEnglishpartner,oruseatranslator-butthisultimatelystrengthensthecycleofdependencyontheglobalnorth,leadingtoinequalityininternationalinfluence.Thespecificmeaningsofwordscanalsoposeaproblemintranslation.Forexample,itisdifficulttofindinEnglishonesinglewordtodescribeforestsnakesandfrogsintheworkCastafiedadoeswithindigenous(土著的)communitiesintheAmazon.“Sowe’relosingobservationsforscience,too,”saysCasta?eda.“Forme,it’snotpossibletojusthaveeverythingtranslatedintoEnglish.Weneedmultilingual(多語種的)science,andweneedpeoplethatfeelcomfortabledoingscienceintheirownlanguages.Itcouldbepossibletoswitchtoaworldwhere,say,Chinese,EnglishandSpanisharethethreelanguagesofscience,justasEnglish,FrenchandGermanwerethelanguagesofscienceinthe19thcentury.”12.WhatpreventedCasta?eda’sdiscoveriesfrombeingmorewidelyknown?A.Poormanagement. B.Oppositionfromhercolleagues.C.Herbadreputation. D.Thelanguagebarrier.13.What’stheconsequenceofthedominantfocusonEnglishinscientificresearch?A.Inefficientwildlifeconservation.B.Aknowledgegapinthescientificworld.C.Agrowinginterestinnon-Englishpapers.D.Inadequatejobopportunitiesfortranslators.14.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratebymentioningforestsnakesandfrogs?A.Theurgencytoprotectrarespecies.B.Theneedtoadoptonegloballanguage.C.Thechallengesintranslatingscientifictexts.D.ThebiodiversityontheSouthAmericancontinent.15.Whatispresentedinthelastparagraphofthetext?A.Apotentialsolution. B.Atheoreticalmodel.C.Apopularbelief. D.Aglobaltrend.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章以一位哥倫比亞生物學(xué)家遭遇的語言問題為例，揭示了目前有很多非英文論文無法被翻譯。對此，一些專家主張科學(xué)知識應(yīng)當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)換為一個共同的語言——英語。但作者對此并不認(rèn)同。作者認(rèn)為這會導(dǎo)致國際影響力的不平等，并且有些專業(yè)術(shù)語很難被英語翻譯。因此，作者希望建立一個多語種的科學(xué)世界?！敬鸢浮?2.D13.B14.C15.A【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“RamirezCasta?eda,aColombianbiologist,spendshertimeintheAmazonstudyinghowsnakeseatpoisonousfrogswithoutgettingill.Althoughherfindingscomeinmanyshapesandsizes,sheandhercolleagueshavestruggledtogettheirbiologicaldiscoveriesouttothewiderscientificcommunity.WithSpanishashermothertongue,herresearchhadtobetranslatedintoEnglishtobepublished.Thatwasn’talwayspossiblebecauseofbudgetortime-anditmeansthatsomeofherfindingswereneverpublished.(RamirezCasta?eda是哥倫比亞的一位生物學(xué)家，她花時間在亞馬遜研究蛇如何吃掉有毒的青蛙而不生病。盡管她的發(fā)現(xiàn)有多種形式和大小，但她和她的同事們一直在努力將他們的生物學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)推廣到更廣泛的科學(xué)界。由于她的母語是西班牙語，她的研究必須翻譯成英語才能發(fā)表。由于預(yù)算或時間的原因，這并不總是可能的，這意味著她的一些發(fā)現(xiàn)從未發(fā)表過)”可知，語言障礙阻止了Casta?eda的發(fā)現(xiàn)被更廣泛地了解。故選D項?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第五段“Ofcourse,scientistscanworkwithanEnglishpartner,oruseatranslator-butthisultimatelystrengthensthecycleofdependencyontheglobalnorth,leadingtoinequalityininternationalinfluence.Thespecificmeaningsofwordscanalsoposeaproblemintranslation.Forexample,itisdifficulttofindinEnglishonesinglewordtodescribeforestsnakesandfrogsintheworkCastafiedadoeswithindigenous(土著的)communitiesintheAmazon.(當(dāng)然，科學(xué)家可以與英國伙伴合作，或者使用翻譯，但這最終會加強對全球北方的依賴循環(huán)，導(dǎo)致國際影響力的不平等。單詞的特定含義也會給翻譯帶來問題。例如，在Castafieda對亞馬遜土著社區(qū)所做的工作中，很難用英語找到一個詞來描述森林中的蛇和青蛙)”可知，科學(xué)研究中以英語為主導(dǎo)的結(jié)果是產(chǎn)生知識鴻溝。故選B項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Forexample,itisdifficulttofindinEnglishonesinglewordtodescribeforestsnakesandfrogsintheworkCastafiedadoeswithindigenous(土著的)communitiesintheAmazon.(例如，在Castafieda對亞馬遜土著社區(qū)所做的工作中，很難用英語找到一個詞來描述森林中的蛇和青蛙)”可知，作者以該詞為例，旨在說明翻譯一些科學(xué)研究中的文本存在挑戰(zhàn)。故選C項。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段““Sowe’relosingobservationsforscience,too,”saysCasta?eda.“Forme,it’snotpossibletojusthaveeverythingtranslatedintoEnglish.Weneedmultilingual(多語種的)science,andweneedpeoplethatfeelcomfortabledoingscienceintheirownlanguages.Itcouldbepossibletoswitchtoaworldwhere,say,Chinese,EnglishandSpanisharethethreelanguagesofscience,justasEnglish,FrenchandGermanwerethelanguagesofscienceinthe19thcentury.”(“所以我們也在失去科學(xué)觀測，”Casta?eda說。“對我來說，不可能把所有東西都翻譯成英語。我們需要多語言的科學(xué)，我們需要人們能夠自如地用自己的語言從事科學(xué)研究。有可能切換到一個世界，比如漢語、英語和西班牙語是三種科學(xué)語言，就像英語、法語和德語是19世紀(jì)的科學(xué)語言一樣?！?”可知，本段主要介紹一個潛在的解決方案。故選A項。第二節(jié)(共5小題，每小題2.5分;滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。PursueYourDreamsToday,NotTomorrowHaveyoucaughtyourselfdaydreamingaboutyourdreams?Weoftenpostponeourdreams,trappedinacycleofdelay.Butwhywait?_____16_____Youdon’thavetotakeahuge,life-changingstep.Youcantakeminutestepstowardabrighterfuture.Andstartrightnow.______17______Ifyounevertry,you’regoingtobeweigheddownbyyourregrets.You’realwaysgoingtowonderhowyourlifewould’veturnedoutifyouactuallytookachanceonyourself.Don’tletyourfutureselfbedisappointedbyyourpresentself.Itdoesn’tmatterhowoldyouareorhowmanypeoplehavewarnedyouthatyou’renevergoingtosucceed.Eventhemostsuccessfulpeoplehavehadtheirhesitationsaboutwhethertheyhadwhatittooktomakeitintheirfield.______18______Embraceamindsetofdetermination,knowingthatsuccessiswithinyourreach.Attheendoftheday,youneedtocarveoutapathforyourselfthatwillleadtothemostsatisfaction.Ifyouallowyourfeartogetthebestofyou,you’renevergoingtoforgiveyourself._____19_____.It’swhatyouwouldencourageyourfriendstodo,sowhyaren’tyougivingyourselfthatsamepush?Sometimes,followingyourpassionmeansspendingalotofyourtimeeachday.Itmayrequiremakingslightadjustmentstoyourschedule,butyoudon’thavetosacrificeeverythingtofollowyourhearts.Trytostrikeabalancebetweenyourcurrentlifeandyourdreams.______20______Pursueyourdreamsnow,eventhoughthatmeansyoumightneedtobreakoutofyourcomfortzone,andeventhoughitmeansenteringtheunknown.A.Askyourselfwhatwouldbeworse.B.Startingsmalliscompletelyacceptable.C.Youoweittoyourselftogoafteryourdreams.D.Newopportunitiesmayleadtopersonalgrowth.E.Ifthingsgowell,youcangraduallymakefurthershifts.F.Youneedtomovepastyourinsecuritiesandexploreyourfullpotential.G.Hardasitis,it’scrucialtowaveoffthedoubtsinthebackofyourmind.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要就如何追求自己的夢想提出了一些建議?！敬鸢浮?6.B17.C18.G19.F20.E【16題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Youdon’thavetotakeahuge,life-changingstep.Youcantakeminutestepstowardabrighterfuture.Andstartrightnow.(你不需要邁出巨大的、改變?nèi)松囊徊?。你可以一步一步走向更光明的未來。現(xiàn)在就開始)”可知，后文提到了不需要邁出巨大的、改變?nèi)松囊徊?，可知本句是在建議從小的地方開始。故B選項“從小處開始是完全可以接受的”符合語境，故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Ifyounevertry,you’regoingtobeweigheddownbyyourregrets.You’realwaysgoingtowonderhowyourlifewould’veturnedoutifyouactuallytookachanceonyourself.Don’tletyourfutureselfbedisappointedbyyourpresentself.(如果你從不嘗試，你就會被你的遺憾壓垮。你總是想知道，如果你真的給自己一個機會，你的生活會變成什么樣子。不要讓未來的自己被現(xiàn)在的自己失望)”可知，本段的主旨是給自己一個改變生活的機會，即建議去追求自己的夢想。故C選項“你應(yīng)該為自己去追求你的夢想”符合語境，故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Embraceamindsetofdetermination,knowingthatsuccessiswithinyourreach.(擁有一種堅定的心態(tài)，知道成功是觸手可及的)”可知，后文提到要擁有堅定的心態(tài)，可知要拜托懷疑的心態(tài)。故G選項“盡管困難重重，但擺脫心中的疑慮是至關(guān)重要的”符合語境，故選G?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Attheendoftheday,youneedtocarveoutapathforyourselfthatwillleadtothemostsatisfaction.Ifyouallowyourfeartogetthebestofyou,you’renevergoingtoforgiveyourself.(在一天結(jié)束的時候，你需要為自己開辟一條通往最大滿足感的道路。如果你讓恐懼占據(jù)了你最好的一面，你永遠(yuǎn)不會原諒自己)”可知，上文提到不要讓恐懼占據(jù)了你最好的一面，即建議要克服恐懼和不安全感，來發(fā)掘潛力。故F選項“你需要克服你的不安全感，發(fā)掘你的全部潛力”符合語境，故選F?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Sometimes,followingyourpassionmeansspendingalotofyourtimeeachday.Itmayrequiremakingslightadjustmentstoyourschedule,butyoudon'thavetosacrificeeverythingtofollowyourhearts.Trytostrikeabalancebetweenyourcurrentlifeandyourdreams.(有時候，追隨你的激情意味著每天花費大量的時間。這可能需要對你的時間表做一些調(diào)整，但你不必為了跟隨自己的內(nèi)心而犧牲一切。試著在你現(xiàn)在的生活和你的夢想之間取得平衡)”可知，上文提到了在你現(xiàn)在的生活和你的夢想之間取得平衡，本句為本段最后一句，故說明這么做的結(jié)果。故E選項“如果一切順利，你可以逐漸做出進一步的改變”符合語境，故選E。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。IhadnotvisitedEtonformanyyears.Whenone-daypassingfromtheFellows’LibraryintotheGallery,Icaughtsightofthe____21____ofmyschoolfriendDigbyDolbenhangingjustwithoutthedooramongourmost____22____contemporaries.Iwas____23____arrestedandasIstoodgazingonit,my____24____askedmeifIknewwhoitwas.IwasthinkingthatImustbealmosttheonlypersonwhowouldknowhim.Far____25____ofmyboyhoodwerecrowding____26____uponme:hewasstandingagainbesidemeintheeagerpromiseofhisyouth.Thisportrait-galleryofoldEtoniansisvery____27____:outstandingdistinctionofbirthorexcellentqualitiesmaywinyouaplacethere.____28____,howcameDolbenthere?Itwas____29____hewasapoet;andyethispoemswerenotknown.Theywerecarefully_____30_____byhisfamilyandafewfriends.Indeed,suchofhispoemsascouldhavecometotheeyesoftheauthoritieswhoapprovedofthismemorialwouldnot_____31_____it.Therewasanother_____32_____—theportraitbearsitsowncertification.Thoughyoumightnotperhapsunderstandthepoetinit,youcanseethesoulimmersedindeepthought,thehabitofstainless(無瑕的)life,of_____33_____,ofenthusiasmforhighideals.Suchabeingmusthave_____34_____remarkablyamonghisfellows.Whenhisearlydeathendeared(使價值更高)hismemory,lovinggriefwouldgenerously_____35_____himtheglorywhichhehadneverworn.21.A.statue B.character C.portrait D.theme22.A.valuable B.distinguished C.familiar D.gracious23.A.wholly B.partly C.curiously D.secretly24.A.peers B.chairman C.leader D.companion25.A.judgment B.thought C.memories D.behaviour26.A.hurriedly B.freshly C.anxiously D.eagerly27.A.selective B.splendid C.handsome D.challenging28.A.Yet B.Therefore C.Thus D.However29.A.because B.why C.that D.what30.A.observed B.captured C.illustrated D.guarded31.A.operate B.promote C.justify D.permit32.A.appreciation B.reason C.cause D.effect33.A.devotion B.ambition C.imagination D.symbol34.A.broughtabout B.stoodfor C.stoodout D.broughtin35.A.interpret B.grant C.appoint D.identify【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者回到多年未到訪的伊頓學(xué)校，偶然經(jīng)過圖書館進入畫廊時，看到了他的校友迪格比·多爾本的肖像掛在門外，和同時代最杰出的人在一起，這讓作者感到困惑?！敬鸢浮?1.C22.B23.A24.D25.C26.B27.A28.D29.A30.D31.C32.B33.A34.C35.B【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，當(dāng)我從研究員圖書館走進畫廊時，我看到了我的同學(xué)迪格比·多爾本的肖像，就掛在門外，和我們同時代最杰出的人在一起。A.statue雕像；B.character角色；C.portrait肖像；D.theme主題。根據(jù)下文“hanging”和“Thisportrait-galleryofoldEtoniansisvery:outstandingdistinctionofbirthorexcellentqualitiesmaywinyouaplacethere.”可知，作者看到的是同學(xué)的肖像掛在畫廊墻上。故選C項。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，當(dāng)我從研究員圖書館走進畫廊時，我看到了我的同學(xué)迪格比·多爾本的肖像，就掛在門外，和我們同時代最杰出的人在一起。A.valuable有價值的；B.distinguished杰出的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.gracious優(yōu)雅的。結(jié)合常識和下文“Thisportrait-galleryofoldEtoniansisvery :outstandingdistinctionofbirthorexcellentqualitiesmaywinyouaplacethere.”可知，伊頓學(xué)校肖像畫廊掛的都是杰出的人士的肖像。故選B項?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我完全被吸引住了，我站在那里凝視著它，我的同伴問我是否知道這是誰。A.wholly完全地；B.partly部分地；C.curiously好奇地；D.secretly秘密地。根據(jù)下文“Istoodgazingonit”可知，作者完全被其吸引并駐足凝視。故選A項。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我完全被吸引住了，我站在那里凝視著它，我的同伴問我是否知道這是誰。A.peers同齡人；B.chairman主席；C.leader領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者；D.companion同伴。根據(jù)下文“askedmeifIknewwhoitwas”可知，是同行的其他同伴問作者。故選D項?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：童年時代的遙遠(yuǎn)記憶鮮活地涌上我的心頭，他又站在我身邊，熱切地承諾著他的青春。A.judgment判斷；B.thought思想；C.memories回憶，記憶；D.behaviour行為。根據(jù)下文“myboyhoodwerecrowdinguponme:hewasstandingagainbesidemeintheeagerpromiseofhisyouth.”可知，作者回想起往事，記憶涌上心頭。故選C項。【26題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：童年時代的遙遠(yuǎn)記憶鮮活地涌上我的心頭，他又站在我身邊，熱切地承諾著他的青春。A.hurriedly匆忙地；B.freshly新鮮地；C.anxiously焦慮地；D.eagerly渴望地。根據(jù)下文“hewasstandingagainbesidemeintheeagerpromiseofhisyouth”可知，作者對當(dāng)年的格比·多爾本記憶猶新。故選B項?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這個伊頓公學(xué)老校友的肖像畫廊是非常挑剔的：杰出的出身或優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì)可能為你贏得一席之地。A.selective嚴(yán)格篩選的；B.splendid壯麗的；C.handsome英俊的；D.challenging具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。根據(jù)下文“outstandingdistinctionofbirthorexcellentqualitiesmaywinyouaplacethere”可知，只有具有杰出的出身或優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì)的