2024北京豐臺區(qū)高三一模英語試題及答案

2024北京豐臺高三一模英語2024.03本試卷共12頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.515分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Ihadn'tseenAnnenearly20yearssincecollege,yetwecouldstillpartylikeoldtimes.Itwasgreathaveherhere,1ourlives.Shewaslookingatthefewblooms(花)leftmyyard.Ihadn'tplantedmuchafterlosingmyjob.Ithadbeena2yearforJustwhenIthoughtIwasdonewiththebitterness,wouldallcomerushingbackandthe3thingonmindflowers.“Oneofmyhobbiesistakingphotosof4,”shesaidandsteadiedherselfnearthelastroseoftheseason.Ishrugged(),wonderingwhyanyonewould.5takingtimelookatalowlyrose.Suddenlyahotsongrangfromhercellphone.“Iremindtakemymedicine,”said“An“Formybrain,”shesmiled.“Ihavebeendiagnosedwitharareasmalltumor(腫塊)nobiggerthanyourfingernail,”shelaughedThatwasAnne—ever.Evencancerwasnomorethanjokingabout.SothatIwasbeyondwords.6formedicine?”Ilaughed.“Arewethatold?”78Laternextane-mailfilledwiththeflowerphotospoppedupAnne—clearandbeautiful.hadgottenpastthethepityandunfairness,takingonemomentatatimeandpolishingituntil9.Ishiftedeyetooutside,andIhadherflowersfullbloom.Ialwayshadthem,butwasAnnewhogotmetoreally10them.1.A.saving2.A.normal3.A.lastB.watchingC.sharingB.newC.satisfyingsameC.onlyD.controllingD.D.right4.A.yards5.A.bother6.A.awardflowersavoidorderC.partiesC.missD.peopleD.stopD.ideaC.alarm7.A.optimisticB.attractive8.A.nervousB.shocked9.A.endedB.failed10.A.arrangeB.trustC.hard-workingD.confidentC.relaxedC.shinedC.colourD.luckyD.fruitedD.appreciate第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。第1頁/共10頁AChineserestaurantshaveplayedimportantroledifferent______(country)worldwide,wheretherecanbespecializedversionsofChinesefood.example,Generalchicken,___12___(name)afteramilitaryleaderoftheQingiswhatAmericanslovetoeatbecauseitissweet,fried.therecipe___13___(change)alottosuitdifferentregionaltastes,leadingtovariationsinthecookingmethodused.BBeingabletounderstandlocaljokesisoftenseenasagreaticebreakerforaforeignlanguagelearner___14___triesstartfriendshipswithnativespeakers.when___15___(study)aforeignlanguage,abeginneralwaysconsidersjokeshardtounderstand.Mostofthetime,jokesareonlyfunnyforpeopleshareaculturalbackgroundorunderstandhumorinsameAndthereis___16___(much)understandingajokeinaforeignlanguagethanunderstandingvocabularyandCThedinnerpartyis___17___threat,announcedarecentlifestylecolumnmight“Howcanthisbe?Don'twethrowpartiesfriendsonspecialoccasions?”But___18___Theworriesaboutisanotherkindofdisappearing.Itisusuallyhostedinone'shome.Invitations___19___(send)outweeksadvanceandthehostspreparefood___20___(careful).nowadays,peopleprefertoeattakeoutfoodontheirsofawhilejugglingamobilephoneandaremotecontrol.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AInThailand,human-elephantconflictisincreasing.localfarmers,elephantsthreatentheirsafetyandeconomiclivelihood.BringElephantHome(BTEH)isanon-profitorganisationwhosemissionistoincreasechancesofsurvivalforelephantsandworktowardsaworldwhichpeopleandelephantscanliveinbenefitingfromeachother'sexistence.BTEH'sprojectsrootinlocalcommunities.Theirworkischaracterisedbythreeprinciples:localinvolvement,ahealthyandbenefitsforpeopleandelephantssimultaneously(同時地).Theyleadtoshareddecisionmaking,ownershipoflocalcommunities,andapeacefulcoexistenceofpeopleandanimals.AgroupofBTEHresearchersandlocalfarmervolunteersareexperimentingwithhowmaketheplantationslessappealingtoelephantsandpreventthemfromcomingintothefarms.AndtheProjectcomesintobeing.ThenameoftheProjectcomesfromtheThaisoup.ingredients()forthesouparechilli,garlic,lemongrass,andonion—noneofwhichareattractiveelephants.Thisprojectgiveshopealternativecropsasasolutiontohuman-elephantconflictinThailand.projectworksinthefollowingsteps.Step1Step2Step3第2頁/共10頁Regenerative,pesticide-free（無農(nóng)藥）farmingbenefitsfarmersplant,waterandmaintainalternativecrops.Thecommunity-runNurserycreatesalternativecropseedingsStep4Step5Step6Farmersharvestcropsandcreateorganicproductsineco-friendlypackaging.Profitsareusedtorestoreelephanthabitatandsupportlocalfarmers.Consumersmakeadifferencebybuyingproductstocreatedemandthissolution.TheProjectisthefirstresearchandcommunity-basedalternativecropplantinginitiativetopromotehuman-elephantcoexistence.somesimilarprojectswillbecarriedoutinSriLanka.21.Accordingtothepassage,BTEH'smissionisto__________.A.developruralcommunitiesB.createhealthyenvironmentsC.improvelocaleconomiclivelihoodpromotehuman-elephantcoexistence22.IntheProject,researchersandlocalfarmers__________.A.formsomeguardingteamsB.volunteertocollectingredientsC.experimentwithalternativecropsD.provideelephantswiththeThaisoup23.Inwhichdofarmersturntheharvestedcropsintohoneyorteas?A.Step2.B.Step3.Step4.D.Step5.BIronmanOnSept.17,2022,andhisson,setoutbeginthefirstofthreelegsoftheIronmancompetition,wherecompetitorsmustcompletea140milesofswimming.bicyclingandrunninginunder17hours.Notthatlongago,Johnnycouldbarelywalkafewstepsbecausehewasbornwithcerebralpalsy(腦癱).Buthisdreamofbeingarunnerneverstopped.FromthedayJohnnywasborn,refusedlethisson'sdisabilityholdhimback.DeterminedtoshowJohnnythathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeingathlete,helpedengageinrunning.Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.socouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingEverymorning,theydrovethemselvestorunincreasinglylongerdistances.Soon,theywereentering5Kraces,thenontoIronmancompetition.wouldactasJohnny'sarmsandlegs,carryingtheweightofhissonthroughouttherace.Theracebeganwitha2.4-mileswim.SettlingJohnnyintoakayak,easedhimselfintothe第3頁/共10頁Swimmingwhiledragginganotherpersonwasverytough.Butworstofall,strugglewithjellyfish.“IoccupiedmymindcountingnumberoftimesIgotstung(蟄),”hesays.Afterthetwomencompletedthetoughbikesectioninroughlyninehours,theysettheirsightsonthefinallegoftherace—a26.2-milemarathon.They'dbeencompetingfor10.5hours,leavinganother6.5hourstomaketheirtime.ButatMile19,Johnnysawtheclocktickingdownandworriedtheywouldn'tmaketheDespitethetiredness,wasconvincedtheyweregoingallrightandthenpickedupthepace.minutesleftand200feettothefinishline,stoppedtohelpJohnnyoutofhisracingchairandhandedhimhisrollingAfteryearsofpainstakingwork,Johnnywasdeterminedfinishhisracesonhisown.After16hours,55minutesandseconds,thefatherandsoncrossedthefinishlineAsthecrowdcheeredonanoverwhelmedawearykeptalowprofile.fatherdidn'twanthisfinishlinemoment,“saystearseyes.“Hewantedittobemine.”24.WhydidleadJohnnytorunning?A.getclosertofulfillJohnny'sdream.C.discoverJohnny'sinterest.D.speedupJohnny's25.Whatchallengedmostinswimmingrace?A.LackofB.Painfrominjuries.C.Mentaltiredness.D.Bodyweightchange.26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJohnnyaccordingtothepassage?A.Strong-willedandgrateful.C.Patientandgenerous.B.andsensitive.D.andhumorous.27.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B.Fathersarenotborn;theyaremade.C.valueofalovingfatherhasnoprice.D.SuccesscomesfromfailuresalongtheCisoneofhumanity'sgreatestblindspots.experienceasdays,months.oryears.Butnaturefunctionsonmuchgranderscales,measuredcenturies,andevenlongerphasesoftengroupedas“deeptime.”Humanity'sshortsightednessaroundtimecreatesmajorlimitsonmodernconservation.Astheclimateandbiodiversitycrisesaccelerate,weareurgentlyworkingtoprotectandregenerateecosystemswithoutunderstandinghowtheyfunctionedwhentheyweretrulydoingwell.Adeeptimeperspectivecanhelpchangethat.forestmanagement.Fordecades,ourpracticescalledforall-outpreventionofeventhemildestforestfires,believingthatfirewasbadforbothpeopleandnonhumannature.Untilrecentlyweignoredtheforestmanagementstrategiesindigenous(土著的)communitieshadsuccessfullyusedforcenturies,inparticulartheapplicationofsmall-scalecontrolledburns.Fire,turnsout,hasalwaysbeenintegralingredientinhealthyforestecosystems,promotingnewgrowthbythinningthewe'rebeginningtoseewidespreadapplicationofindigenousknowledgetoforestmanagement,tappingintothisancientwisdom.Buthowcanweknowwhatanecosystemlookedlikecenturiesago?Onepathwaythroughmodernmathematicalmodeling.havemarrieditwithstreamsoflong-termdataanddiscoveredapossiblewaypreservetheecosystemofCalifornia'skelpforestByexamininghowNorthPacifickelpforestsexistedlongbeforethe19thwefoundthatwe'veignoredthepresenceofakeystonespecies—theSteller'sseaanditsroleinmaintainingtheharmonyofthisecosystem.第4頁/共10頁OurmodeldescribedtheinteractionsbetweengiantkelpandunderstoryalgaecompetingforlightandspaceontheThenthemodelagain,butthiswiththeSteller'sseacowaddedin.Thesemammalsontheleavesfromtheupperkelplayers.Thisallowedlighttoreachtheseabottom,whichinturnstimulatedthegrowthofnotonlythekelpbutotherkindsoforganisms.Inre-creatingthatvanishedhistoricalsystemthatincludedSteller'sseawecouldamorediverseforestwheretheunderstorycompetedbetterwithkelp.Inshort,whatassumeweknowaboutanecosystembasedontherecentpastmayimpedeourabilitytofullyunderstandandprotectit.ensurethatourboldestconservationaresuccessful,wemustbeginlookingattimeasanessentialtool.28.Accordingtothepassage,whatgetsintheofhuman'sconservationA.LackofinsightsintodeeptimeTheworseningofbiodiversitycrisesC.blindnesstomanagementstrategies.D.Resistancetotakingadeeptimeperspective.29.Whatcanlearnfromthepassage?A.IgnoringSteller'scowledtoecologicalimbalance.B.Peopleprioritizefirepreventionovercontrolledburns.C.MathematicalmodelingmattersmorethanindigenousknowledgeD.Harvestingupperkelpleavesencouragesfreshgrowthinthe30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impede”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Bringforth.B.Boostup.C.Shutdown.D.Holdback.DSeveraldozengraduatestudentsinLondonwererecentlytaskedwithoutwittingalanguagemodel(LLM),atypeofAIdesignedholdusefulconversations.LLMsareoftenprogrammedwithguardrailsdesignedtostopthemgivingharmfulreplies:instructionsonmakingbombsinabathtub,ortheconfidentstatementof“facts”thatarenotactuallytrue.Theaimofthetaskwasbreakthoseguardrails.Someresultsweremerelystupid.Forexample,oneparticipantgotthechatbotclaimduckscouldbeusedindicatorsofairButthemostsuccessfulwerethosethatmadethemachineproducethetitles,publicationdatesandhostjournalsofnon-existentacademicarticles.AIhasthepotentialtoabigbenefitscience.Optimiststalkofmachinesproducingreadablesummariesofcomplicatedareasofresearch;tirelesslyanalysingoceansofdatatosuggestnewdrugsandeven,onecomingupwithhypothesesoftheirown.ButAIcomeswithdownsides,too.Startwiththesimplestproblem:academicmisconduct.Somejournalsallowresearcherstousetohelpwritepapers.Butnoteverybodyiswillingtoadmitit.Sometimes,thefactthatLLMshavebeenusedisobvious.GuillaumeCabanac,acomputerscientist,hasuncovereddozensofpapersthatcontainphrasessuchas“regenerateresponse”-thetextofabuttonsomeversionsofChatGPTthatcommandstheprogramtorewriteitsmostrecentprobablycopiedintothemanuscript(原稿)bymistake.AnotherproblemarisesAImodelsaretrainedonAI-generateddata.LLMstrainedontextfromtheInternet.Astheychurnout(大量炮制)moresuchtext,theriskoftakingintheirownoutputsgrows.Thatcancause“modelcollapse”.2023Iliaacomputerscientist,co-authoredapaperwhichamodelwasfedhandwrittendigitsandaskedtogeneratedigitsofitsown,whichwerefedbackturn.Afterafewcycles,第5頁/共10頁thecomputer'snumbersbecamemoreorlessillegible.After20iterations(迭代),itcouldproduceonlyroughcirclesorblurrylines.Someworrythatcomputer-generatedinsightsmightcomefrommodelswhoseinnerworkingsarenotunderstood.Inexplainablemodelsarenotuseless,saysDavidLeslieanAI-researchoutfitinLondon,buttheiroutputswillneedrigoroustestingintherealworld.Thatisperhapslessunnervingthanitsounds.Checkingmodelsagainstrealityiswhatscienceissupposedtobeabout,afterall.Foratleast,questionsoutnumberanswers.Thethreatsthatmachinesposethescientificmethodare,theendofthethesameonesposedbyhumans.AIcouldacceleratetheproductionofnonsensejustasmuchasitacceleratesgoodscience.AstheRoyalSocietyhasit,nulliusverba:takenobody'swordforit.Nothing's,31.TheresultofthetaskconductedinLondonshowsthat___________.A.LLMsgiveawayusefulinformationB.theguardrailsturnouttobeineffectiveC.AI'sinfluencewillpotentiallybedecreasedD.theputintothestudyofAIhardlypays32.Whatdoes“modelcollapse”indicate?A.Thereadabilityofthemodels'outputisunderestimated.B.diversesourcesofinformationconfusethemodels.C.onregenerateddatastopsmodelsworkingwell.D.Thedatawillbecomereliableaftercontinuousiterations.33.Accordingtothepassage,people'sworryoverinexplainablemodelsis___________.A.impracticalunjustifiedC.groundlessD.unsettling34.Whatwouldbethebesttitlethepassage?A.FasterNonsense:AICouldAlsoB.ImperfectModels:HowAIMakeAdvances?C.RiseofLLMs:AICouldStillPromisingD.BiggerThreats:AIBeUncontrollable第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。“Findyourpassion!”Whendiscussingfuturecareeroptionsorselectingamajorincollege,yourparentsoftensaythis.Theveryexpressionismeanttoinspire.Butisitgoodadvice?“Finding”apassionimpliesthatalreadyexistsandissimplywaitingtobediscovered.thisideaisnotwhatsciencetellsus.35studythis,researchersaframeworkof“fixed”and“growth”mindsets.Theythatencouragingpeople“find”theirpassionmaycausethemeventuallybelievethatinterestspassionsareinbornandrelativelyunchangeable.36Incontrast,peopleviewinterestsandpassionsasdevelopedhaveagrowthmindsetofinterest.ResearchershaverevealedthatafixedmindsetofinterestcandecreaseIfpeoplebelievetheyarelimitedtoonlyafewinborninterestsand,inconsequence,donotexploreotherareas,theymaymissseeingimportantconnectionsacrossdomains.37第6頁/共10頁peoplecandoaembraceagrowthmindsetofinterest.First,realizethatyourinterestsandpassionsaren'tpre-existing.anactiveroleindevelopingyourpassions.Second,practisepositiveself-talk.Whenyoulackinterestanewtask,payattentiontoyourinnerdialogue.38Forexample,change“I'mnotinterestedthis”to“I'mnotinterestedthisyet,butIknowthatinterestcandevelopwithtimeandengagement.”39Butagrowthmindsetofinterestwillhelpyouremainopenandcurious.sciencetellsusweshouldworktowardlovingwhatwedo.mightbecomemorecreativeandresilientasaresult.A.Socanagrowthmindsetofinterestbetaught?B.Insteadpassions,likeinterests,aredeveloped.C.Peoplethinkthishaveafixedmindsetofinterest.D.Ofcourse,noteveryactivitywillbecomeaburningpassion.E.Assuch,seeinginterestsasfixedlimitstheircreativepotential.Don'texpectthatpursuingnewinterestswillalwaysbeeasyorexciting.G.Replaceself-criticalthoughtswithpositiveonesthatencouragegrowthandlearning.第三部分書面表達(共兩節(jié)，32)第一節(jié)(共4小題；第40、412分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。Inordertofitinandmakefriendsinanewschool,Amandaobservedhowherclassmatesbehavedandinteractedeachperfectlyadoptedthemannerismsoftheclassmatesaroundlaughingattheirjokes,noddinginagreementwiththeiropinions,hidingherselfintosomeoneshethoughtotherswantedhertobedonethese.Thisissocialmasking,theprocessofholdingbackorhidingournaturalwayofinteractingwithotherswecanfeelaccepted.Inaworldthatoftentellsustojustbeourselves,youmightwondermanyofusrelyonsocialmasking.“Socialmaskinghappensbecauseweasaspecieswanttobeincluded,”sayspsychologistDipti“It'satribal(群體的)thingofbeingtogetherratherthanbeingonourown.allhavecertainmasksprotectourselvesfromexposureanddifference.”Whilemaskingcanhelpusdealwithsocialsituations,canalsocomewithnegativeconsequences.Hidingourbehavioursandinterestsconstantlycanleadtoastrongfeelingofseparation,disconnection,andinternalconflict.Asaresult,wemayexperienceaheightenedandincreasedpossibilityofdevelopingdepressionaswestruggletounderstandsocialsituationsandsignsthatotherstakeforgranted.amaskisnotourownskin.mayfeelextremelytiredaftersocialengagementsandwantspendtimealoneordertofeellikeourselves.“Thegoalistofeelsafeenoughtoremovethemask,”says“It'scrucialindividualstoreceiveacceptanceandsupportfortheyare,ratherthanfeelingliketheyneedtohidetheirtrueselvesordertofitin.”40.Whatissocialmasking?41.Whydomanyofusrelyonsocialmasking?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplain?Whenpeoplestruggletounderstandsocialsituationsthatothersconsidernormal,theywillfeellessdepressed.43.Inadditiontomasking,whatelsecanyoudotoinwhenyouareinanewenvironment?(Inabout40words)44.第7頁/共10頁第二節(jié)(20)假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國筆友Chris想了解不同顏色在中國文化中的涵義。請你用英文給他回一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.顏色及其涵