初中語法句型轉(zhuǎn)換

每年的中考試卷中，“句型轉(zhuǎn)換”題所占分值較大，是為了全面考查學(xué)生在初中階段所學(xué)的詞匯（同義或反義）、短語、句型和語法等方面的知識及其它的之間的靈活運用能力。Ⅰ.題型介紹所謂“句型轉(zhuǎn)換”就是先給一個完整的句子A，再根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的要求（有時沒有明確，須自己觀察），在第二個句子B的空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~來完成的句型轉(zhuǎn)換。Ⅱ.題型分類從形式上看，有如下幾種形式：①某一詞或詞組的轉(zhuǎn)換；②詞組與句子的轉(zhuǎn)換；③同義句型的轉(zhuǎn)換；④為糾正常犯語言錯誤而設(shè)計的題目。從內(nèi)容上看，此題型涉及的面較廣，主要有：①句子功能方面的轉(zhuǎn)換。包括陳述句（肯定與否定）、四種題疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句的轉(zhuǎn)換；②句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的轉(zhuǎn)換。即簡單句、復(fù)合句、并列句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換；③語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。即主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換；④常用句型與詞匯手段的轉(zhuǎn)換。Ⅲ.具體分類如下一、陳述句與疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句間的轉(zhuǎn)換1、陳述句中肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň洌蟛糠质怯胣ot來改變謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，但也有借用否定意義的詞，如nothing,nobody,none,neither,little,few,never,hardly等，例如：：A：Tomdoeswellinmaths.B：Tomdoesn'tdoinmaths.A：Hehasmuchtodo.B：Hehasnothingtodo.A：Allofmyclassmateslikeart.B：Noneofmyclassmateslikesart.2、改為疑問句。根據(jù)上下句的結(jié)構(gòu)和詞的減少，來判斷變?yōu)槟囊环N形式的疑問句。例如：A：Mybrotheroftenhasbreakfastatschool.B：Doesyourbrotheroftenhavebreakfastatschool?A：Tom'salreadyweakinEnglish.B：Tom'salreadyweakinEnglish,isn'the?A：Theredlightchangeseverytwominutes.B：Howoftendoestheredlightchange?3、改為感嘆句。根據(jù)所給的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和單詞的詞性，來確定使用哪一種感嘆句的形式，例如：A：Thisisaninterestingbook.B：Whataninterestingbookthisis!或Howinterestingthisbookis!二、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)上句，寫出一個意思相同（或相近）的下句，此類形式繁多，內(nèi)容復(fù)雜，涉及面廣，歸類如下：1、同義詞或詞組之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。（通常上下句時態(tài)保持一致）。常見的同義詞或詞組有：(1)四個“花費”（spend-take-cost-take）；(2)三個“到達(dá)”（getto-reach-arrivein/at）；(3)四個“收到…來信”（hearfrom-getaletterfrom-receivealetterfrom-havealetterfrom）；(4)兩個“擅長于…”（begoodat-dowellin）；(5)兩個“有空”（befree-havetime）；(6)三個“入睡”（gotosleep-gettosleep-fallasleep）；(7)兩個“玩得開心”（enjoyoneself-haveagoodtime）；(8)“給…打電話”（callsb-telephonesb-ringsb.acall-makeatelephonetosb.）(9)“飛往…”（flyto…-goto…byair/plane）(10)“自學(xué)”（teachoneself-learn…byoneself）(11)在…方面幫助help…with…-help…(to)do…(12)在…差beweakin…-dobadlyin…(13)能/會…can-beableto(14)更喜歡…like…betterthan…-prefer…to…(15)充滿了…befullof…-befilledwith…(16)放棄干…giveupdoing…-stopdoing…(17)不再…nolonger-not…anylonger(18)照顧/保管takecareof…-lookafter(19)展覽onshow-ondisplay(20)阻止…干…stop…fromdoing-keep/prevent…fromdoing…(21)由于thanksto-becauseof…(22)舉手handsup-putupone'shands(23)最后，終于atlast-intheend(24)與…不同bedifferentfrom…-benotthesameas…(25)從…借入…borrow…from…-lend…to…(26)乘公汽/火車/的士goto…bybus/train/taxi-takeabus/train/taxito…(27)乘自行車去…goto…bybike-rideabiketo…(28)為…感到自豪beproudof…-betheprideof…(29)步行去…walkto…-goto…onfoot(30)獨自地byoneself-alone等。例如：A：Thechildrenhadagoodtimeinthepark.B：Thechildrenenjoyedthemselvesinthepark.2、同義句型之間的轉(zhuǎn)化。常見的同義句型有①Itseemsthat從句→Somebodyseems（tobe）+adj/n②It'skindofsb.todo…→Somebodyiskindtodo…③Whatdoes…mean?→Whatdoyoumeanby…?或What'sthemeaningof…?④Thereissomethingwrongwith…→Somethingiswrongwith…⑤not…until…與when/after/before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換⑥What'swrongwith…?→What'sthematterwith…?⑦Howis…?→What's…like…?⑧Howdoyoulike…?→Whatdoyouthinkof?⑧It'stimethat…→It'stimeforsb.todo…⑨It'ssaidthat…→Peoplesaythat…⑩CanIhelpyou?→WhatcanIdoforyou?例如：A：IwenttobedafterIfinishedmyhomework.B：Ididn'tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.3、if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如：A：Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,they'llgotothepark.B：Unlessitrainstomorrow,they'llgotothepark.A：Ifyoudon'thurry,you'llbelate.B：Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.A：Fishcan'tliveifthereisnowater.B：Fishcan'tlivewithoutwater.4、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中的一句多譯。在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中，結(jié)束性動詞不能與時間段連用，必須改成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞。常見的動詞轉(zhuǎn)換有：buy-have,borrow-keep,die-bedead,open-beopen,join-bein+組織/bea+成員,begin-beon,leave-beawayfrom,close-beclosed,arrivein/getto/come/goto-bein/at,finsh-beover,gotosleep-beasleep，getup-beup.例如：Theoldmandiedfivemonthsago.Theoldmanhasbeendeadsincefivemonthsago.Theoldmanhasbeendeadforfivemonths.It'sfivemonthssincetheoldmandied.Fivemonthshaspassedsincetheoldmandied.5、簡單句與復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。①含賓語從句的復(fù)合句與簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：A：Isawtheywereplayingfootballontheplayground.B：Isawthemplayingfootballontheplayground.A：Theteacherfoundthatshewasveryclever.B：Theteacherfoundherveryclever.A：HefoundthatitwashardtolearnEnglishwell.B：HefoundithardtolearnEnglishwell.A：Wearesurethatwewillwintofirstmatch.B：Wearesuretowintofirstmatch.由疑問代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“疑問句+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：A：CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?B：Couldyoutellmehowtogettotherailwaystation?A：Wedon'tknowwhatweshoulddonext.B：Wedon'tknowwhattodonext.②由when/after/before/while/since/until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為when/after/before/while/sine/until+doing…例如：A：Theywenthomeaftertheyfinishedtheirwork.B：Thewenthomeafterfinishingtheirwork.A：MrSmithhastaughtEnglishsincehecametoChina.B：MrSmithhastaughtEnglishsincecomingtoChina.Whensb.+be+數(shù)詞+yearsold→attheageof+歲數(shù)A：Whenhewastwelveyearsold,Edisonstartedwritinghisownnewspaper.B：Attheageoftwelve,Edisonstartedwritinghisownnewspaper.③由so…that…引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為too…todo或…enoughtodo……例如：A：TheboxissoheavythatIcan'tcarryit.B：Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.或：Theboxisn'tlightenoughformetocarry.A：Thechildissooldthathecangotoschool.B：Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschool.④由sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為inordertodo例如：A：Myfathergotupearlythismorningsothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.B：Myfathergotupearlythismorninginordertocatchtheearlybus.⑤由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為becauseof…例如：A：Wedidn'tgototheparkbecauseitrained.B：Wedidn'tgototheparkbecauseoftherain.⑥定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞短語或分詞短語。例如：A：ThemanwhoisonthebikeisJim.B：ThemanonthebikeisJim.A：Themanwhoisdrivingtheredcarismyboss.B：Themandrivingtheredcarismyboss.A：ThegirlwhoiscalledMaryismysister.B：ThegirlcalledMaryismysister.6、用并列連詞neither…nor；either…or…；both…and…；notonly…butalso…連句。例如：A：Ihaven'tseenaTVplayforlong,andLilyhasn'teither.B：NeitherInorLilyhasseenaTVplayforlong.A：Tomisgoodatmaths,andheisgoodatFrench,too.B：TomisgoodatbothmathsandFrench.neither…nor…,either…or…和notonly…butalso…連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞依靠近它的主語而定，即“就近原則”，但是both…and用來連接兩個主語時，謂語復(fù)數(shù)。7、主動語與被動語態(tài)的互變?！爸鲃印弊儭氨粍印睂嵭小叭兌蛔儭痹瓌t?！叭儭奔词侵髡Z，謂語和賓語的變化，“二不變”即時態(tài)不變，句式不變。例如：A：Theymakewatchesinthetown.B：Watchesaremadebytheminthetown.A：Icanfinishtheworkbeforeeight.B：Theworkcanbefinished（byme）beforeeight.A：DotheygrowriceinSouthChina?B：IsricegrowninSouthChina?注：使役性動詞make或感觀性動詞see/watch/lookat/hear/listento/feel在主動語態(tài)中所帶省to的不定式賓補(bǔ)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，必須加上to.A：Isawhimtakeyourumbrella.B：Hewasseentotakeyourumbrella.8、形容詞、副詞二級之間的轉(zhuǎn)化，例如A：Chineseisthemostimportantsubjectofall.B：Chineseismoreimportantthananyothersubject.A：Thisexerciseiseasierthantheothertwo.B：Thisexerciseistheeasiestofthethree.Ⅵ.解題指導(dǎo)要做好句型轉(zhuǎn)換題，必須注意如下幾點：1、注重掌握教材中的基本句和同一句子英語的不同結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)技巧。2、弄清題意，明確題目考查點，了解題目所給句子與答句之間的關(guān)系。3、注意從多角度，全方位考慮問題，突破難點，注意復(fù)查，看是否按要求完成了轉(zhuǎn)換。通過上述的歸納和指導(dǎo)，可以理清學(xué)生的“依章辦事”的解題思路，養(yǎng)成“有條不紊”的解題習(xí)慣，培養(yǎng)多角度思維解題的能力，從而達(dá)到提高學(xué)習(xí)效率的目的。特殊疑問句注：1、一般情況：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句構(gòu)成。2、特殊疑問詞在句中充當(dāng)成分。3、不用yes,no回答，直接回答。4、讀降調(diào)。5、常用疑問詞：who,what,whose,where,how,which,when,why,howmany,howmuch,howfar.Howlong,howoften,howsoon,howhigh,等。對劃線部分提問。（把各句變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡柧洌?、對主語（人）提問：Theboyisrunningnow.Whoisrunningnow?2、對表語（人）提問：HeisLily'sfather.Whoishe?3、對介賓（人）提問：Sheislookingforthelittleboy.Whoisshelookingfor?4、對動賓（人）提問：IoftenhelpWeiHuawithEnglish.WhodoyouoftenhelpwithEnglish?5、對間賓（人）提問：KatelentTomaballyesterday.WhodidKatelendaballyesterday?6、對主語（東西）提問：Thebooksareonthedesk..Whatareonthedesk?7、對表語（東西）提問：Theseareboats.Whatarethese?8、對動賓（東西）提問：Iwantacupoftea.Whatdoyouwant?9對職業(yè)（提問）提問：Themanisafarmer.Whatistheman?Whatdoesthemando?10.對介賓（東西）提問：Heislookingforhispen.Whatishelookingfor?11、對是什么提問：It'saChinesecar.Whatisit?12、對計算結(jié)果提問：Sixandnineisfifteen.Whatissixandnine?13、對年級提問：I'minGradeThree.Whatgradeareyouin?14、對班級提問：LiLeiisinClassFive.WhatclassisLiLeiin?15、對年級和班級提問：WeiHuaisinClassThreeGradeOne,WhatclassandgradeisWeihuain?16、對排提問:WeareinRowOne.Whatrowareyouin?注：１、對年級、班級、排提問時，問句中的in不能去掉．２，what后的grade,class，row用小寫形式．3,what根據(jù)實際譯為漢語．17、對學(xué)號提問:LucyisNumberSix.WhatnumberisLucy?WhatisLucy'snumber?18、對后置定語提問:ThisisamapofChina.Whatmapisthis?19、對顏色提問:Theflowersarered.Whatcoloraretheflowers?20、對幾點幾分提問:It'ssix.Whattimeisit?What'sthetime?21、對名字提問:MynameisLiLei.What'syourname?22、對前置定語提問:Theseapplesareyours.Whichapplesareyours?ThebestoneisLily's.WhichoneisLily's?23、對表語（名物代）提問:Thiscupisyours.Whoseisthecup?24、對后置定語提問:Theboyinthehatismybrother.Whichboyisyourbrother?25、對后置定語提問:Iwanttobuytheshirtontheleft.Whichshirtdoyouwanttobuy?26、對主語（名物代）提問:Mineisred.Whoseisred?27、對定語（形物代）提問:Theyaremybooks.Whosebooksarethey?28、對定語（名詞所有格）提問:ThisisLucyandLily'sroom.Whoseroomisthis?29、對表語（名詞所有格）提問：ThiscupisKate's.Whoseisthiscup?30對身體提問：I'mfine(well,OK,Allright.)Howareyou?31、對年齡提問：Theboyisfifteen.Howoldareyou?32、對天氣提問：It'scloudytoday.Howistheweathertoday?=What'stheweatherliketoday?33、對語言提問：IcanspellitinEnglish.Howcanyouspellit?34、對方式提問：Ioftengotoschoolonfoot.(bybus,bytrain,bybike???)Howdoyouoftengotoschool?35、對程度提問：Shestudieshard.Howdoesshestudy?36、對數(shù)量提問：1,Therearefivebirdsinthetree.Howmanybirdsarethereinthetree?2,Thereismuchwaterinthebottle.Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?3,Thereisanappletreeinfrontofthehouse.Howmanyappletreesarethereinfrontofthehouse?37、對價格提問：Themeatistenyuan.Howmuchisthemeat?注：1，對價格提問，be應(yīng)根據(jù)后面的主語而定。2，單位yuan在問句中去掉。38、對距離提問：Thefactoryistwokilometersfromhere.Howfaristhefactoryfromhere?39、對長度提問：Therulerisonemetrelong.Howlongistheruler?40、對for+一段時間提問：Wehavestayedtherefortwohours.Howlonghaveyoustayedthere?Hehaslivedheresince1997.Howlonghashelivedhere?注：howlong后面必須是延續(xù)性動詞。41、對星期提問：TodayisMonday.Whatdayisittoday?42、對in+一段時間提問：Thewomanwillgototheshopinfiveminutes.Howsoonthewomanwillgototheshop?43、對頻度副詞提問：LiuYingoftencarrieswaterforUncleLi.HowoftendoesLiuYingcarrywaterforUncleLi?44、對范圍內(nèi)的次數(shù)提問：Igoswimmingonceaweekinsummer.Howmanytimesdoyougoswimminginsummer?45、對寬度提問：Theriverisfivemetreswide.Howwideistheriver?46、對原因狀語提問：Hedidn'tcometoschoolbecausehewasillinbed.Whydidn'thecometoschool?注：表示“因為”的連詞有since,as,for,because.47、對時間狀語提問：Weusuallycometoschoolatseveninthemorning.Whendoyouusuallycometoschool?48、對地點狀語提問：Thechildrensometimesplayfootballontheplayground.Wheredothechildrensometimesplayfootball?49、對幾月幾日提問：It'sMay2today.What'sthedatetoday?50、對種類（后置定語）提問：Iwantthecakeswithnutsinthem.Whatkindofcakesdoyouwant?51、對作什么提問：Theboysareplayinginthetree.Whataretheboysdoinginthetree?熟記變特殊疑問句時，容易判斷錯的情況。1、數(shù)詞表示年齡：Heisfifty-five.Howoldishe?表示時間：It'sfifty-five.What'sthetime?表示加法：Sixandtwoiseight.What'ssixandtwo?表示價格：Theshirtisthirtyyuan.Howmuchistheshirt?表示多少：Ihavethreebrothers.Howmanybrothersdoyouhave?2、姓名和人表示人名：MynameisGina.What'syourname?表示人：ThewomanisGina.Whoisthewoman?3、長度和距離表示距離：It'sfivehundredmetresawayfromhere.Howfarisitfromhere?表示長度：It'sfivehundredmetres.Howlongisit?4、顏色，東西表示顏色：Theshoesarewhite.Whatcoloraretheshoes?表示物：Theyarewhitesheep.Whatarethey?表示顏色：Theyarewhitesheep.Whatcolorarethesesheep?5、名詞所有格和人表示名詞所有格：She'sLucy'ssister.Whosesisterisshe?表示人：She'sLucy'ssister.Whoisshe?同義句轉(zhuǎn)換的九種類型時間：20XX年04月30日作者：來源：同義句轉(zhuǎn)換題是近幾年中考英語的一個常考題型，其出題形式通常是同時給出兩個句子，第一句完整，第二句中設(shè)有幾處空格，要求考生填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞組，使第二句的意思與第一句意思相同。它綜合考查考生的語法、詞匯、短語或習(xí)慣用語和句型結(jié)構(gòu)等知識，要求運用所學(xué)的詞匯、語法知識和句型結(jié)構(gòu)填寫句子，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整、邏輯合理、語法知識無誤、意思與所給句子相同。通過對近幾年的中考英語試題中同義句轉(zhuǎn)換題的分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)中考英語同義句轉(zhuǎn)換題主要考查以下幾個方面：一、運用同義詞（組）進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換用同義詞或同義詞組對原句中的某些詞或詞組進(jìn)行替換，注意轉(zhuǎn)換后的詞或詞組的詞形變化要與句子其他成分相適應(yīng)。如：1.Thatdaywecouldseeflowershereandthere.Thatdaywecouldseeflowers__________.分析：答案為everywhere。everywhere與hereandthere都表示“到處”。2.Theteacheralwaystakesgoodcareofthechildrenintheschool.Theteacheralways_____________thechildrenwellintheschool.分析：答案為looksafter。takegoodcareof與lookafter…well都表示“好好照顧”。二、運用反義詞（組）的否定式進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換即用反義詞或詞組的否定式表達(dá)與原句相同的意思，主要考查學(xué)生對反義詞（詞組）的積累和換位思維的能力。如：1.It’sclearthatthisvisitisdifferentfromlasttime.It’sclearthatthisvisitisnotthe______lasttime.分析：答案為sameas。bedifferentfrom意為“與……不同”；thesameas意為“與……相同”，其否定式與bedifferentfrom同義。2.Ithinkwealthislessimportantthanhealth.I___thinkwealthis___importantthanhealth.分析：答案為don’t，more。lessimportant的意思是“沒有（不及）……重要”；moreimportant的意思是“（比）……更重要”，該結(jié)構(gòu)與not連用，則表示“不比……更重要”。另外，有的反義詞即使不與否定詞連用，而只需改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)也可構(gòu)成同義句。如：Helentsomemoneytohisfriend.Hefriend___somemoney___him.分析：答案為borrowed，from。borrow…from意為“向……借……”；lend…to意為“把……借給……”。兩個結(jié)構(gòu)意思相反，但若變換“借出者”與“借入者”的位置，則可轉(zhuǎn)換為同義句。三、運用不同語態(tài)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換即運用主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的變化來轉(zhuǎn)換同義詞，但此時要特別注意時態(tài)、動詞一致性。如：1.Everyoneshouldgivebackhislibrarybooksontime.Librarybooksshould____________ontime.分析：答案為begivenback。被動句中含有情態(tài)動詞should，因此助動詞用be。2.Itiswidelyacceptedthatmorepeopleusecomputersintheworldtoday.Computers____widely___intheworldtoday.分析：答案為are，puters是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，助動詞用are。四、非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換即非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，此時往往會涉及時態(tài)的變化。如：1.Themanagerlefttwohoursago.Themanager_____________fortwohours.分析：答案為hasbeenaway。leave為非延續(xù)性動詞，不能與fortwohours這樣的一段時間連用，而改成beaway這樣的延續(xù)性動詞后，則可連用一段時間。2.Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.Thefilmhasbeen__________fiveminutes.分析：答案為onfor。hasbeen提示時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，“for+時間段”表示“持續(xù)（一段時間）”，常用在含有現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的句子里。3.MrLijoinedthePartytwentyyearsago.MrLi_______________thePartyfortwentyyears.答案：hasbeenin。短暫動詞join，意為“參加、加入（組織，政黨）”，不能與延續(xù)時間狀語連用，與延續(xù)性時間狀語連用時，將join改成bein或beamemberin…。五、運用不同引語進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換即將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語或?qū)㈤g接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成直接引語。此時還要注意相關(guān)時態(tài)、人稱、動詞、狀語等相應(yīng)的變化。如：1.“I’vefoundmywallet,”hesaidtome.He_________methathe__________________hiswallet.分析：答案為told，hadfound。此題是將直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語。2.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He______________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.分析：答案為askedif/whether,before。此題是將疑問句的直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語。六、運用簡單句與復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換即將簡單句變成同義的復(fù)合句或?qū)?fù)合句變成同義的簡單句。如：1.Wedidn’tgooutforawalkbecauseitwasraining.Wedidn’tgooutforawalk______________therain.分析：答案為becauseof。將原因狀語從句becauseitwasraining改為表示原因的介詞短語becauseoftherain。2.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn’tgotosleep.Hewas__________________gotosleep.分析：答案為tooexcitedto。將so…that…換成too…to…結(jié)構(gòu)，原句的that從句為結(jié)果狀語從句，改寫句中的不定式仍表結(jié)果。3.NowIwillshowyouhowtodothework.NowIwillshowyou__________________dothework.分析：答案為howyoucan。即將原句中的“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句。4.Youshou